PAS activity (Fig 1 to 4)
PAS reaction was very mild in basal epithelium, propriasubmucosa, tunica muscularis and serosa in Rumen in group I. PAS reaction was increased from group I to II from very mild to mild. In group III reaction was slightly increased in epithelium and propria submucosa, decreased in tunica muscularis and same in tunica serosa. In group IV intensity of reaction was same as in group III with intense reaction in keratin. Similarly
Panchamukhi and Srivastava, (1979) at 10 days buffalo foetus reported glycogen and
Patra, (2019) in sheep at 32 days of sheep foetus. As increased reaction in epithelium from group II to IV was contradict the finding of
Arias et al. (1980) observed that in bovine fetal rumen, up to six months of pregnancy, the glycogen level of both basal and superficial cells increases in fetuses; after that, it declines in older fetuses and
Franco et al. (1992). As finding of
Patra, (2019) in sheep, feeble reaction in the muscular and serosal tunics present finding of decreased activity in tunica muscularis from group III to IV was corroborated.
In group I PAS activity was not observed in reticulum. Present finding of increased activity in epithelium, propriasubmucosa, tunica muscularis and serosa of reticulum from group II to IV was in agreement with observation of
Patra, (2019) in sheep as weak PAS activity at day 32 which progressively increased to a moderate degree by 150 days of gestation, in contrast
Ramkrishna and Tiwari, (1979) reported minimum glycogen concentration in middle age group and
Franco et al. (1993b) in deer observed decreased PAS activity 46 days onwards.
In omasum increased PAS activity in epithelium, from group I to IV as mild to intense, from group I to III in propriasubmucosa and serosa. In submucosa reaction progressively increased from mild to light intense and constant from group III to IV and decreased activity in tunica muscularis and core of laminae from group II to IV was in agreement with
Ramkrishna and Tiwari, (1979) they observed maximum amount of glycogen in third trimester. In contrast to present finding,
Lubis and O’Shea, (1978) in sheep foetus reported incredibly abundant glycogen in omasal epithelium, then rapidly decreased until it was nearly nonexistent in post-natal tissues,
Franco et al. (1993c) in sheep,
Patra, (2019) in sheep fetuses and
Gupta et al. (2016) in goat foetus reported decreased amount of glycogen from second to third trimester.
In group I wall of abomasum shown relatively more PAS reaction than rumen, reticulum and omasum. PAS reaction was moderate in epithelium, mild in upper cellular zone of propria submucosa, very mild in lower zone, mild in tunica muscularis and very mild in serosa. Reaction was increased apparently from cardiac to pyloric region and specially in epithelium core of villi and tunica muscularis. In group I to II increased reaction was observed in gland. Intensity was increased from group II to III with notable increase in epithelium of villi with high intense PAS reaction and intense PAS reaction in gland. From group III to IV intensity was increased in gland and high intense PAS reaction was observed. In support of the result of present finding
Ramkrishna and Tiwari, (1979) found maximum glycogen in fundic area during later stages of development,
Franco et al. (1993a) in sheep at birth found enhanced secretion of neutral glycogen,
Masot et al. (2007) reported neutral mucopolysaccharides in the wall of abomasum of red deer from the age 97 days of gestation to term end,
Ozbek et al. (2018) in sheep foetus observed the neutral in the superficial epithelial cells of the abomasal pyloric region and
Patra, (2019) in sheep fetuses’ abomasum reported PAS activity was mild at 32-48 days, moderate from 63-94 days and strong from 111-150 days and
Poradowski and Chrószcz, (2022) reported increased pas activity in equine from 7 to 11 months of foetal period. In contrast to present finding
Gupta, (2016) in goat reported surface epithelium of fundic part of abomasum showed intense PAS positive reaction in group I and this activity gradually decreased in group II and III. Present observation of higher PAS activity in pyloric region than fundic region in group I was in complete harmony with
Gupta et al. (2020) they noticed in goat foeti that surface epithelial cells of pyloric region showed intense PAS activity than fundic part. The increased PAS activity could be attributed to supply of increased demand and supply of energy required for histological differentiation and maturation of tissue.
AB-PAS activity (Fig 5 to 7)
Absence of acid mucopolysaccharide activity in epithelium and tunica muscularis from group I to IV in rumen was in agreement with report of
Franco et al. (1992) and
Franco et al. (2004a) as absence of the alcianophilic activity in the rumen of sheep and red deer foeti respectively. In contrast
Singh, (2002) reported weak AMPS reaction in the cells of basal and superficial layer of buffalo foetal rumen,
Gupta, (2016) and
Patra, (2019) in goat reported increase in reaction for acid mucopolysaccharide with advancement of foetal age. Absence of acid mucopolysaccharide activity in tunica muscularis throughout the study was in agreement with
Gupta, (2016) who reported negative reaction for AMPS in all stages. Presence of mixed mucopolysaccharide activity in submucosa in group I to IV and in serosa mixed to mild acid mucopolysaccharide observed from group I to IV was in complete harmony with
Singh, (2002) observed moderate AMPS reaction in buffalo foetal rumen,
Franco et al. (2011) in deer reported that the neutral mucopolysaccharides were first detected in epithelial cells at 46 days of fetal life, with their numbers gradually decreasing with advancement of foetal life,
Gupta, (2016) and
Patra, (2019) in goat as propria- submucosa and tunica serosa showed consistently weak to mild activity. The AMPS reaction found in propria submucosa and serosa could be required for the strengthening activity during development, differentiation and maturation of rumen.
In reticulum in group I and II epithelium, tunica muscularis and serosa shown absence of acid mucopolysaccharide was in agreement with presence finding
Franco et al. (1993b) not observed acid mucopolysaccharides, mucins and mucoid compounds throughout the development. In contrast
Franco et al. (2004b) noticed secretion of acid mucopolysaccharides by the reticular epithelium at 67 days of gestation in red deer and
Patra, (2019) observed the basal zone shown strong activity from 32 to 63 days, moderate from 67 to 94 days and strong again from 111 to 150 days. Propri-asubmucosa shown very mild mixed mucop-olysaccharide reaction in group I and II. In group III and IV reaction was same as in earlier group II with increased intensity. In harmony of present finding
Patra, (2019) observed variable reaction in proprio-submucosa. As per discussion of
Patra, (2019) these acidic mucins might be involved in the process of cellular differentiation as well as cell maturation in reticular wall.
In omasum in group I and II epithelium, tunica muscularis and serosa shown absence of acid mucopolysaccharide and presence of neutral mucopolysaccharide from group I to IV Similar to present findings of
Lubis and O’Shea, (1978) and
Franco et al. (1993c) in sheep omasum could not observed acid mucopolysaccharide throughout development in sheep. Contradictory in buffalo foetus
Singh, (2002) observed weak moderate reaction in tunica muscularis and in sheep foetus
Patra, (2019) observed varied intensity of reaction in epithelium and tunica muscularis. Presence of mild mixed mucopolysaccharide reaction in propriasubmucosa and serosa from group I to III, in omasal lamina from group III and mixed mucopolysaccharide reaction to neutral in group IV was in line with finding of
Singh, (2002 in buffalo foetus and
Patra, (2019) in sheep foetus and condradict the earlier report of
Gupta, (2021) as negative reaction in the proprio-submucosa in goat.
In abomasum in group I and II in villi and tunica muscularis reaction was mild for neutral mucopolysaccharide and mixed mild reaction was observed in propria submucosa and serosa in cardiac, fundic and pyloric region. In group II in fundic region reaction for neutral mucopolysaccharide was two fold increased in villi, tunica muscularis, blood vessel and serosa. In group II reaction was more in fundic stomach than cardiac stomach. In pyloric region mild increased activity was observed in serosa only. In cardiac region in group III and IV reaction was increased in villi, gland and tunica muscularis, lamina propria and submucosa shown mixed reaction as in group I and II. In fundic region in group III and IV in glands intense acid mucopolysaccharide reaction was seen in patches in forerunner parietal cells. In group IV in pyloric region similar intensity of acidic mucopolysaccharide was seen in gland but number of patches were one fourth less than fundic region. In group III and IV in submucosa with increased fibers intensity reaction for neutral mucopolysaccharide was remarkably increased. In epithelium presence of neutral mucopolysaccharide from group I and IV and appearance of acid mucopolysaccharide activity in glands from group III and intense activity in group IV was in harmony with earlier finding
Ozbek et al. (2018) in sheep fetus, they reported neutral and mixed in the superficial epithelial cells of the abomasal pyloric region, acidic mucins were detected in the secretory ducts and corpus of the glands and contradict to
Patra (2019) as the epithelium was intensely alcianophilic from 32-75 days, moderating afterward. In group I and II in propria submucosa and serosa mild affinity for acid mucopolysaccharide was observed as earlier report of
Patra, (2019) and present finding of decreased activity from group III onwards in serosa and submucosa was similar and contradict respectively to the finding of
Patra, (2019). Contradictory to finding of higher acid mucopolysaccharides activity in pyloric region by
Gupta et al. (2020) present reported shown number of glands showing affinity for acid mucopolysaccharide was one fourth in pyloric region than fundic region.