<p><strong>Background: </strong>Children who are healthier and have better diets are more likely to participate in school, pay attention in class and perform better academically. Schools are the best sites to teach students about nutrition but local governments and organizations for health professionals may also play a significant role in educating parents and children about nutrition. The present study was conducted among primary school children to see the impact of complementary education on knowledge, attitude and practice regarding health and nutrition.<br />
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<strong>Methods:</strong> A total of 250 primary school children (Girls: 125 and Boys: 125) aged between 7-10 years were selected from government schools of Ludhiana city. The statistics revealed the prevalence of clinical signs and symptoms associated with nutritional deficiency illnesses in both girls and boys. The study analysed the mean Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) scores obtained by girls and boys.<br />
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<strong>Result:</strong> The majority of the subjects (83.2%) achieved KAP scores between 20-40 per cent, while 16.8 per cent achieved scores between 40-60 per cent. However, after implementing a nutrition education intervention, the majority (80.8%) achieved KAP scores between 60-80 per cent. Attitudes were also significantly higher for girls (87.2%), while boys (82.4%) achieved scores between 40-60 per cent. Post-intervention, the majority (87.2%) of girls and boys achieved scores between 40-60 per cent. In terms of practices, a significant majority (96.8%) of girls and 97.6 per cent of boys achieved scores between 20-40 per cent. The study found that both girls (65.4%) and boys (64.5%) exhibited more than 60 per cent increase in their knowledge scores.</p>


<p>Impact of Complementary Education on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Health and Nutrition among Primary School Children</p>


<div style="text-align: justify;">A study was conducted in two districts i.e. Fatehabad from South-West zone and Karnal from North- East Zone of Haryana state .A list of all the villages (Zero tillage technology users) in each selected village was prepared. Twenty farmers (having small, medium and large size of land holdings) were selected by using random sampling techniques from each village. Therefore, the sample constituted for the proposed study was one hundred and forty farmers/respondents to collect the information for the purposively study. To measure the knowledge and adoption level of ZTT users, they were asked to reply different questions on recommended aspects/practices of ZTT users. The correct answers were awarded a score and incorrect reply was given zero score. The scores obtained under various aspects/practices were summed up with both respondent wise and as well as component wise. The computing low, medium and high knowledge level on the basis of socio economic status. The study revealed that Mean knowledge score of the respondents was 62.75%. High socio-economic status farmers were found to have high level of knowledge in all practices i.e. pre sowing (72.26%), after sowing knowledge (74.66%) and fertilizer knowledge (74.16%) medium and low socio-economic status farmers had found poor or medium knowledge about ZTT. Pooled farmers (57.85%) had favoural attitude towards ZTT. High socio-economic status farmers (63.63%) had better attitude under favourable conditions than medium (32.09%) and low (24.32%) farmers. The SES farmers, having pre sowing adoption (66.80%) and fertilizer adoption (55.50%), after sowing adoption (50.66%) the medium and low SES. Farmers. High SES farmers than (63.63%) had better attitude under favourable condition than medium (32.09%) and low (24.32%) farmers.&nbsp;</div>

<div>Knowledge and attitude of farmers towards Zero &ndash; Tillage Technology in Haryana</div>

<div style="text-align: justify;">Ninety non-insulin dependent male diabetics in the age group of 40-60 years free from serious complications of diabetes were selected from the Ludhiana Mediways Hospital under the supervision of diabetologist .Selection was based on their fasting and post prandial blood glucose level followed by blood pressure.The selected subjects were divided into three groups I, II and III, each group having thirty subjects. &nbsp;The subjects of group I was not given any supplement or intervention whereas the subjects of group II and III were given intervention in the form of 10 gm of Broccoli floret and leaf powder, to be incorporated in missi roti for a period of 3 months. Along with supplementation, nutrition counseling was also given. The nutrition education was given for 3 months during supplementation after 15 days interval to the subjects of group II and III through individual and group contact.Subjects were imparted nutrition education regarding the disease, its symptoms, causes, complications and dietary modifications using appropriate charts, health benefits of broccoli, benefits of physical exercise by individual and group contact during the feeding trails. The anthropometric measurements of the subjects were measured. Significant improvements were observed in weight only,and no significant diffrences were found in BMI, MUAC and TSFT of the subjects in Group II, and III after study. There were also a significant increase (P&lt;0.01) in the knowledge, attitude and practice score obtained by the subjects in II, and III and a non-significant increase (P&lt;0.01) was seen in knowledge, attitude and practice score of the subjects in Group I. Therefore, it can be reported from the results that nutrition education significantly improved the nutritional status of the diabetics. Nutrition counseling by the dietician plays an important role in the management of diabetes. There is a need to conduct well designed community based diabetes prevention programme to stem the rising trends of diabetes in the country.</div>

Impact of nutrition intervention on anthropometric parameters and KAP score on nutritional status of non-insulin dependent diabetics

<div><strong>Background: </strong>Attitudes are learned, emotionally, predisposition to react in a consistent way, favourable or unfavourable to the situation of inter-cropping practices. The purposed of this finding was to find out the attitude of the adopter and non-adopter of inter-cropping in areca nut plantation in Ri-Bhoi District of Meghalaya. It is important to study the attitude of the respondents towards the inter-cropping practices as this can help to understand the reason behind the adoption or non-adoption of the practices in the study area. This study also helped in determining the relationship between the attitude and the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents.<br />
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<strong>Methods: </strong>This field survey was done during the year 2017 to 2019. Ex-Post Facto research design was used for this study. The sample study was selected through multistage sampling method in the selected study area of the respondents. Number of respondents was selected using a simple random method by using computer aided random selection based on the criteria of practicing areca nut plantation and those who practiced both areca nut plus inter-cropping. A survey of 310 adopters and 310 non-adopters of areca nut plantation were selected for the study. Collection of primary data was done using an interview schedule and appropriate statistical tools were used for interpretation of the data. Independent variables included in this were gender, age, marital status, educational level and type of house, family size, family type, social category, and annual income.<br />
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<strong>Result:</strong> Based on the study it was observed that the attitude of the adopters and the non-adopters of Ri-Bhoi district were found to be favourable towards the inter-cropping practices but the attitudinal level among them were found to have been different based on some factors. The adopters were having most favourable attitude than the non-adopters. The findings of this study led to the conclusion that the attitudes of adopters and non-adopters differ depending on their educational status, annual income, land size and so on. The findings of this study can be used by the government to assist farmers in any way possible, so that non-adopters can also adopt inter-cropping practices because, according to the study, they have a favourable attitude toward this practice, but they require government assistance.</div>


<p>Attitude of the Adopters and Non-adopters towards Inter-cropping in Areca Nut Plantation in Ri-Bhoi District of Meghalaya</p>


<div><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdown have created unprecedented emergency and sudden distress on all sectors in India including the livestock sector. Among livestock sectors, dairy farming is more sensitive due to the handling of an essential and perishable commodity of milk.<br />
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<strong>Methods: </strong>Under this pandemic situation, the aim of the study to know the constraints confronted and management practices followed by dairy farmers during the COVID-19 pandemic situation. The study was conducted in July 2020 in Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu. Thirty dairy farmers were selected randomly and data were collected by a personal interview method through a well-structured interview schedule. Socio-economic data were analyzed by statistical methods&nbsp;<em>viz</em>. percentage, mean and standard deviation. Constraints of dairy farming were analyzed and ranked by Mean Weighed Score method and percentage analysis was used for analyzing and ranking management practices.<br />
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<strong>Result:</strong> Socio-economic characterstics revealed that more than 86.66 per cent of dairy farmers were belonged low to medium groups and utilized different mass media tools for retrieving information. The constraints analysis revealed that high cost of concentrate feed foremost constraint with Mean Weighed Score of 50.00 were ranked first. Dairy farmers expressed difficultly in the procurement of concentrate, shortage of wheat bran supply and elevated wheat bran cost (MWS 44.44) second important constraints. Dairy farmer&rsquo;s made alterations in the concentrate feed composition, consulted veterinary doctors over the phone and direct selling of milk as management practices to manage the pandemic situation.</div>


<div>Constraints and Management Practices of Dairy Farming during COVID-19 Pandemic Situation</div>


<div>The present study was purposively conducted in native tract of Gangatiri cattle in Uttar Pradesh. The information were collected from 108 respondents, who were rearing Gangatiri cattle for their livelihood. It was observed that most (53.70%) of the respondents practicing 6-10 hrs grazing of their Gangatiri herd. All the farmers were providing natural service to cows in estrus, maximum number of them (54.63%) between 12 to 16 hrs after detection of estrus and 53.70 per cent of them with bulls available in village surroundings. Maximum number of respondents (35.20%) initially used indigenous knowledge for disease treatment and after that consulted with veterinary doctor/ stockman. Major diseases prevelant in the area include FMD, HS, BQ and mastitis. Gangatiri cows were found to be more resistance to the diseases and heat tolerant as compared to crossbred cattle. Majority (81.48%) of respondents kept their cattle on kachcha floor in good sanitary conditions. About 70.37% respondents made cattle shed as a part of their houses. Majority (59.25 %) of the cattle owners were using knuckling method of milking, which may be a cause of mastitis in animals. It can be concluded that there is need of awareness programmes on scientific cattle rearing practices and interventions like supply of semen of bulls of high genetic merit under AI programme or bulls of good genetic merit for natural breeding, adequate grazing land and inputs for health management practices are needed to make the Gangatiri cattle rearing more beneficial.</div>


<div>Management Practices for Rearing of Gangatiri Cattle in Native Tract</div>


<div style="text-align: justify;">Self Help Group is considered as one of the mean for development of women all over the world. Objective of Self Help Group formation and nurturing it is to motivate and assist the women for productive activities to improve their quality of life. Most unfortunate issue to SHGs is, it becomes defunct after successfully working for years. This failure of sustainability of SHGs is a point of concern. For sustainability of SHGs, attitude of rural women towards SHGs need to be studied. Under this backdrop, this study was conducted among rural women those were either member of SHGs or were not member of SHGs in Dhalai District of Tripura state. Total 240 respondents were selected (120 members of SHGs and 120 non-members of SHGs) by using multistage random sampling technique. An attitude scale was constructed for the study. The appropriate statistical tests were used for analysis of data. From the study, it was revealed that majority of member and non member respondents had moderately favourable attitude towards of SHG (31.67 % of SHG members and 29.17 % of SHG non members). In case of members, 17.50 per cent respondents had very unfavourable attitude, while in case of non group members, 25. 00 per cent respondents had very unfavourable attitude. Highly favourable attitude of respondents towards SHGs were 20.00 per cent in case of members, while 19.16 per cent in case of non members. The independent sample t-test indicate that attitude of non members of SHGs was found significantly favorable than members of SHGs (t=1.133**).</div>

Attitudes of rural women towards self help group

<p>The study was conducted in Akhnoor and R.S. Pura blocks of Jammu district of Jammu and Kashmir to assess the extent of adoption of improved dairy farming practices by the selected dairy farmers. The analysis of information collected by personal interview method revealed that majority of the respondents (62 per cent) had medium level of adoption of improved dairy farming practices. Maximum adoption was found in case of feeding practices, whereas minimum adoption was found in case of housing practices. It was found that there was a significant difference in adoption between different groups of respondents regarding improved dairy farming practices.&nbsp;</p>


<p>Adoption of improved dairy farming practices in Jammu district&nbsp;of Jammu and Kashmir</p>


<p><strong>Background:</strong> Knowledge is a critical input for solving sustainable resource management issues. The study was conducted to determine the factors that influence the knowledge and attitudes of fishers about fish diversity and conservation in the Siang River of Arunachal Pradesh.<br />
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<strong>Methods:</strong> This study used a descriptive research design. The data were collected from randomly selected 90 respondents from two blocks of East Siang District of Arunachal Pradesh with the help of a structured interview schedule and participant observation technique. The knowledge levels of the fishers were measured under three domains: conservation strategies, reservoir ecology and fishing practices.&nbsp;<br />
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<strong>Result:</strong> The findings of the study revealed that the majority (53.33%) of respondents had a medium level of knowledge in three domains. Correlation analysis revealed that fishing experience and annual fishing days were positively and significantly correlated with knowledge level at a 1 per cent level of probability, whereas age and annual income were positively and significantly correlated with knowledge level at a 5 per cent level of probability. Gender, caste, education, family size, family type, average monthly catch and average fishing duration were not associated with the knowledge level of respondents about fish diversity and conservation. The attitude level of respondents was categorized into three categories: positive, neutral and negative. The findings of the study indicated that the majority of respondents (63.33%) had positive attitudes towards fish diversity and conservation, whereas 23.33 per cent had neutral attitudes and 13.34 per cent had negative attitudes toward fish diversity and conservation.&nbsp;</p>


<p>Factors Influencing the Knowledge and Attitudes of Fishermen about Fish Diversity and Conservation</p>


<div style="text-align: justify;">Body Condition Score (BCS) is a simpler and more practical method to evaluate the body&rsquo;s energy and fat reserves in cows. Nutrition play a direct role both in the hypothalamus by synthesizing and releasing GnRH, as well as on the anterior pituitary by controlling the synthesis and release of Leptin, FSH, LH and Estrogen. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the body condition score with the activation of hormones in the hypothalamic&ndash;pituitary&ndash;gonadal axis on Bali cattle that experienced postpartum anestrus. This research was an observational analytic study with Cross-Sectional Study design. The samples used were Bali cattle that have given birth and have not shown estrus for more than three months. BCS assessment method is qualitatively conducted through visual and tactile techniques. Measurements of Leptin, FSH, LH and estrogen hormone levels were performed using the ELISA Double Antibody Sandwich method. The results showed a correlation between body condition score to hormone level i.e. Leptin level of 0.861; LH level of 0.960; FSH level of 0.799; and Estrogen level of 0.761. These data demonstrated that BCS significantly affects Leptin hormone concentrations. It takes Leptin with a certain concentration to trigger the release of LH in follicle maturation and ovulation, thus achieving a threshold that causes the activation of the hypothalamic&ndash;pituitary&ndash;gonadal axis.</div>

Impact of Complementary Education on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Health and Nutrition among Primary School Children

Knowledge and attitude of farmers towards Zero – Tillage Technology in Haryana

Impact of nutrition intervention on anthropometric parameters and KAP score on nutritional status of non-insulin dependent diabetics

Attitude of the Adopters and Non-adopters towards Inter-cropping in Areca Nut Plantation in Ri-Bhoi District of Meghalaya

Constraints and Management Practices of Dairy Farming during COVID-19 Pandemic Situation

Management Practices for Rearing of Gangatiri Cattle in Native Tract

Attitudes of rural women towards self help group

Adoption of improved dairy farming practices in Jammu district of Jammu and Kashmir

Factors Influencing the Knowledge and Attitudes of Fishermen about Fish Diversity and Conservation

Correlation between body condition score and hormone level of Bali cattle with postpartum anestrus