<div style="text-align: justify;">Sudden changes in environment causes abiotic and biotic stress due to which farmers are facing problem of decreased yield. The present study was designed to improve yield by alleviating oxidative stress in crops. Silicon is gaining importance in promoting growth and yield of plants. Soluble silica in the form of AgriboosterTM was sprayed on test field of soybean during cultivation. Proline content was found to be decreased significantly in soybean sprayed with soluble silica. Significantly decreased malondialdehyde content was observed in soybean which indicates beneficial role of silica in preventing lipid peroxidation. Soluble silica increased peroxidase activity by increasing water availability and total phenol content was also found to be increased significantly in soybean. So from the present study it can be concluded that silica when applied on crops in soluble form &nbsp;prevent oxidative stress caused due to various environmental factors which may help in better quality product and yield.</div>

Role of soluble silica in alleviating oxidative stress in soybean crop

<div style="text-align: justify;">Background: The availability of macro and micronutrients added to the soil are affected by soil environmental factors leading to various losses. When a similar amount of fertilizer is applied through foliar application, its use efficiency is increased many folds.&nbsp;In the sandy loam soil, foliar applied fertilizers are up to 20 times more effective as compared to soil applied fertilizers. Water soluble fertilizer of 19:19:19 grade N: P: K is totally water soluble and present in crystalline powder form. It can be applied to the crop by fertigation or through foliar spraying. Instant uptake of nutrients by the plants resulting in significant and quick improvement in crop growth. Humic acid when applied to field converted into readily available humic substances which directly or indirectly effect the plant growth. Foliar application of nutrients along with soil application of nutrients increase the yield and to improve the quality of cereal crops .Keeping the aforesaid facts in consideration, the present investigation was carried out to study effect of NPK water soluble fertilizer on growth, yield and yield attributes and nutrient uptake of ragi. Methods: The present investigation was carried out during January &ndash; May 2018 at farmers field, kamarajapuram village, Katpadi Taluk, Vellore district, Tamil Nadu, India. The experiments were laid out in RBD (Randomized Block Design), Ragi [Elusine coracana (L.) Gaertn], CO-14 variety were taken into study. The experimental soil was sandy loam, 10 treatments with replicated thrice. The soil and plant sample was collected periodically proceed with standard analytical and statistical method followed. Result: Our investigations the soil and foliar feeding of nutrients along with water soluble fertilizer and humic acid combined treatment T10 (Soil application of 50% RDN + foliar spray of 50% RDN and 100% P and K through water soluble fertilizer [on 20 and 40 DAT] + foliar spray of humic acid 0.1% [on 20 and 40 DAT]) was significantly superior in performance with respect to growth, yield attributes, quality and nutrient uptake by ragi. It can be recommended to farmers to achieve more benefit from finger millet.</div>

<div style="text-align: justify;">Effect of NPK Water-soluble Fertilizer on Growth, Yield and Nutrient Uptake of Finger Millet</div>

Background: Garlic is an aromatic spice with nutritional and medicinal values. Climatic variations such as drought, adversely affect Garlic&rsquo;s morpho-physiological, biochemical attributes and diminish its bulb quality. Soluble silica is a plant-available form of silicon (Si). Silica is beneficial for plant&rsquo;s healthy growth especially against stress conditions. The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of soluble silica on the garlic plant growth, leaves chlorophyll content and bulb quality against drought stress. 
 
Methods: Garlic was cultivated during the Rabi season (2019-2020) in the experimental field Lohar pipliya (Dewas), India. Randomized experimental blocks consisted of six treatments as follows: T1- Control (well-watered), T2- Drought stress (water supply reduced by about 50%), T3- Drought + a basal dose of NPK fertilizers (BDF) in soil, T4, T5, T6- Drought + BDF + foliar sprays of 7.5, 10 and 12.5 ml L-1 soluble silica respectively. Silica sprays were applied seven-time at a regular interval of 15-days. After 120-days of sowing, plant growth in terms of plants height and number of leaves plant-1 were measured. 120-days leaves chlorophyll, MDA and proline content were estimated. Garlic bulb&rsquo;s quality in terms of fresh-dry weight and diameter were recorded at the final harvest. 
 
Result: Results revealed that drought significantly reduced Garlic&rsquo;s plant height, bulb quality (weight and diameter), chlorophyll (Chl-a and Chl-b) and increased MDA, proline content in contrast to the well-watered garlic. Fertilizers (BDF) feebly improved garlic bulb quality. However, fertilizers (BDF) supplemented with soluble silica sprays (7.5 ml L-1&lt;12.5 ml L-1&lt;10 ml L-1) significantly increased plant height, bulb weight and diameter, leaves chlorophyll, proline and reduced MDA content over the drought-stressed Garlic. Fertilizers (BDF) supplemented with Soluble silica maintained plant water content, reduced oxidative stress and increased leaves chlorophyll content. These resulted in good quality garlic bulbs in terms of weight and diameter despite the drought stress.

Effect of Soluble Silica on the Plant Growth, Leaves Chlorophyll Content and Bulb Quality of the Garlic (Allium sativum L.) against Drought Stress

<div>Background: Cowpea is a leguminous crop of indeterminate growth habit and continues to produce flowers throughout its life cycle. In order to realize the genetic yield potential of cowpea, nutrient requirements of later formed flushes also needs to be met. Hence the present study was formulated to assess the effect of foliar application of water-soluble macro nutrient fertilizers viz., NPK 19:19:19 and potassium nitrate and micronutrient fertilizers viz. zinc sulphate and solubor for yield maximization in bush vegetable cowpea. 
 
Methods: The field experiment was conducted at Coconut Research Station, Balaramapuram, during Rabi 2020-21. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with 13 treatments in three replications. The treatments comprised of recommended dose of conventional fertilizers (RDF) NPK 20:30:10 kg ha-1 as control and RDF + foliar application of water-soluble fertilizers 19:19:19 (0.5%) and potassium nitrate (0.5%) with zinc sulphate (0.05%) and solubor (0.025%) in twelve different combinations. 
 
Result: Results revealed that compared to RDF alone, RDF + foliar application of water-soluble macro and micro nutrient fertilizers at 45 DAS significantly improved the dry matter production, number of pods per plant and pod weight and recorded a yield enhancement of 22 to 55 per cent. Among the treatments, RDF + foliar application of 19:19:19 (0.5%) and solubor (0.025%) at 45 DAS recorded the highest dry matter production per plant (39.51 g), pods per plant (30.88 no.), pod yield (7410 kg ha-1), net return (82651 Rs ha-1) and B:C ratio (2.26). The treatments, RDF + foliar application of 19:19:19 (0.5%) at 45 DAS; RDF + foliar application of 19:19:19 (0.5%), zinc sulphate (0.05%) and solubor (0.025%) at 45 DAS; and RDF + foliar application of potassium nitrate (0.5%) and solubor (0.025%) at 45 DAS also recorded comparable number of pods per plant, green pod yield, net return and B:C ratio. Considering the highest green pod yield, net return and B:C ratio, RDF + foliar application of NPK 19:19:19 (0.5%) and solubor (0.025%) at 45 DAS could be recommended for yield maximization in bush type vegetable cowpea.</div>

Foliar Nutrition with Water Soluble Macro and Micro Nutrient Fertilizers for Yield Maximization in Bush Vegetable Cowpea

<div>Background: Foliar application or foliar nutrition is a technique of feeding plants by applying liquid fertilizer directly to their leaves. Water soluble fertilizers have been introduced exclusively for foliar feeding and fertilization. There is very little information about the foliar application of water soluble fertilizers. There is need for more research in this field. Therefore, foliar nutrition is being recognized as an important method of fertilization in modern agriculture. The current study aimed to study the effect of foliar application of water soluble fertilizers on growth and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.).&nbsp; 
 
Methods: The field experiment was conducted during rabi 2017-18, 11 different treatments were laid out in a randomized block design on clay loam soil. In the field, the data was collected and analyzed and the final result was concluded.&nbsp; 
 
Result: The experiment revealed that the growth attributes such as plant height (60.28 cm), number of primary branches (5.22), number of secondary branches (22.93) and dry matter accumulation (241.61 g) were maximum with 75% RDF + foliar application of 2% DAP + 2% Urea + 2% WSF at 60 and 80 DAS (T10) and minimum in control (T1) at harvest stage. Further, seed yield (24.26 q ha-1), stover yield (31.38 q ha-1) and biological yield (55.65 q ha-1) was maximum with 75% RDF + foliar application of 2% DAP + 2% Urea + 2% WSF at 60 and 80 DAS (T10) and minimum in control (T1).</div>

<div>Effect of Foliar Application of Water Soluble Fertilizers on Growth and Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)</div>

Field experiments were conducted at Pulses and Oilseeds Research Station, Berhampore, Murshidabad, West Bengal during pre kharif, kharif and rabi seasons of 2011-12, 2012-13 and 2013-14 to study the effect of water soluble fertilizer spray on growth and yield of greengram, blackgram, lathyrus, lentil and chickpea. Pulses are mostly grown by the farmers without any fertilizer application, as positive effect of supplying legume plants with supplementary nitrogen was found to have beneficial effect on enhancing growth and increasing seed yield. Five sets of &nbsp;experiments were laid out in a split plot design with three &nbsp;replications viz. two levels of basal fertilizer application &nbsp;(F0 - No basal dose of fertilizer, F1 - Basal dose of fertilizer application @ 20, 40, 40 kg N, P2O5, K2O &nbsp;ha-1.) as factor A in main plot and seven levels of foliar spray of water soluble fertilizers at pre flowering stage &nbsp;(no spray, 0.5% NPK(19-19-19), 1% NPK(19-19-19) , 2% NPK(19-19-19), 3% NPK(19-19-19), 2% DAP, 2% Urea) as factor B in sub plot. Significantly higher seed yield of pulses were recorded with application of 2% urea spray over basal dose of fertilizer application The lowest seed yield was recorded with no basal fertilizer and spray. Without basal dose of fertilizer application, 3% NPK (19-19-19) spray recorded highest seed yield. Under basal dose of fertilizer application, the results showed a gradual increase in yield with the increase in concentration of NPK (19-19-19) fertilizer spray up to 2%, Among the fertilizer spray treatments irrespective of basal dose of fertilizer application, urea spray was significantly better than all other treatments.

Effect of foliar spray of water soluble fertilizer at pre flowering&nbsp;stage on yield of pulses

<div style="text-align: justify;">This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of halt irrigation and bio fertilizer on plant yield, seed nutrients content, relative water content (RWC) and chlorophyll index (SPAD) of Goli genotype of red bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), based on split plot design with three replications during two years of 2014-2015 at Arak, Iran. Halt irrigation was in main plots by four levels of control (full irrigation), halt irrigation in vegetative stage, at flowering stage and pod filling stage and four bio fertilizer were in sub plots, including: control (no bacteria), Phosphorus Solublizing bacteria (PSB), potassium solublizing bacteria (KSB) and concurrent use both of PSB and KSB. Analysis of variance showed that no significant effect of years but the effect of halt irrigation treatments was significant on plant yield, N, P, K and Zn percentage of seed, relative water content (RWC) and chlorophyll index (SPAD). Halt irrigation reduced plant yield by 67.81% in comparison to full irrigation during flowering stage. In the study, physiological characteristics such as RWC, N, P, K and Zn contents were also reduced significantly with halt irrigation at flowering stage than its effects on other stages of the crop. Also other characteristics was significantly reduced in this study with halt irrigation that this reduction in flowering stage was more than other stages.&nbsp;</div>

Role of potassium solublizing bacteria on nutrients uptake in red bean&nbsp;(Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Goli) under water deficit condition&nbsp;

<div style="text-align: justify;">Background: In present scenario cost of common feed ingredients like maize and soybean are in rising trends due to less availability. &nbsp;Thus, the feed industry is forced to search the way to combat the feed cost. Rice Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles, is one of the best alternative source of feed ingredient. It has good source of energy, protein, vitamins and minerals. &nbsp;Presently, rice as subtract for bioethanol production is increasing due to its relative lower price, higher production and easy availability leads to increased availability of co-product rice distillers dried grains with solubles. In present study Nutrisigma&reg; has been used. &lsquo;Nutrisigma&reg;&rsquo;is rice distillers dried grains with solubles produced by IFB Agro Industries limited, Kolkata. In consideration of the above fact, the present experiment was designed to study the effects of &ldquo;Nutrisigma&reg;&rdquo; on productive performance of Khaki Campbell ducks. &nbsp; Methods: A total of nine hundred female Khaki Campbell ducks of the same genetic background and of comparable body weight at 72 wks of age, were randomly assigned into 3 dietary treatments that is Control (C), Treatment 1 (T1) and Treatment 2 (T2) each with 3 replicates of 100 ducks and they were studied for 60 days. All the experimental ducks were fed 120gm/duck/day concentrate mixture. Treatment group received (T1 group @ 3 gm/duck/day and T2 group @ 5 gm/duck/day) &lsquo;Nutrisigma&reg;&rsquo; in addition to concentrate mixture. Result: In our experiment egg production (%), fertile egg production per day, fertility%, hatchable egg weight (gm) and hatchability% were increased significantly (p&lt;0.05) in treated groups compared with control group. Better economic efficiency was observed in T1 group compared to T2 and control groups. In conclusion, Nutrisigma &reg; with concentrate mixture could be used economically up to 5gm/head/day (T2) without any harmful effect on&nbsp;productive performance, however, the use of 3 gm/head/day (T1) is more economical than 5 gm/head/day.</div>

<div style="text-align: justify;">Effects of Rice Distillers Dried Grains with Soluble on Laying Performance of Khaki Campbell Duck</div>

Background: Linseed or flax is popularly called &ldquo;Tissi&rdquo; in Assam. The crop is considered as an oilseed crop in the state where some parts people used the raw seeds in their various cuisines. The crop has tremendously grown for a variety of purposes; food, fibre and medicine worldwide. The area under linseed has been decreasing day by day due to its low productivity. Enhancement of the crop yield can be achieved either by increasing the cropping area under this crop or by using improved agronomic intervention. Basically, the present investigation was designed to increase the crop yield by means of application of water-soluble fertilizers.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
 
Methods: During the rabi season of 2022-23 and 2023-24 at the Experimental Farm Unit, Zonal Research Station, Shillongani, Nagaon, Assam, an experiment was conducted to enhance the yield potentiality of utera linseed. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications and comprised of eight treatment combinations of water- soluble fertilizers, viz., F1:&nbsp; 19:19:19 @ 1.0%, F2:&nbsp; 13:0:45 @1.0%, F3: Urea @2%, F4: ZnSO4&nbsp;@0.5%, F5: 19:19:19 @1.0% + ZnSO4&nbsp;@0.5%, F6: 13:0:45 @1.0% + ZnSO4@0.5%, F7:&nbsp; Urea 2% + ZnSO4@0.5% and F8: Control (Water spray). 
 
Result: Consecutive two years of Experimentation revealed that foliar spraying of 2% urea and 0.5% zinc sulphate separately one at vegetative stage and another at capsule development stage significantly improved the utera linseed productivity and profitability, yielding higher grain yield (520.5 kg/ha) and net returns (Rs. 20230/ha). Crop growth rate and relative growth rate were shown significant variation. The study affirmed the suitability of foliage application of water-soluble fertilizers for obtaining higher grain yield of linseed under utera ecology. 
&nbsp;

Effectiveness of Water-soluble Fertilizers Sprays on Productivity and Profitability of Utera Linseed (Linum usitatissimum) in Assam

<div style="text-align: justify;">Increasing yields in agriculture and management of soil fertility are becoming a major issue in view of the malnutrition problems. Tropical ferralitic soils are phosphorus (P)-deficient. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) must form symbiotic associations with plants to enhance their hydro-mineral nutrition. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of mycorhization on growth of Vigna subterranea. Seedlings of two landraces were inoculated withAMF composite (Gigaspora margarita and Acaulospora tuberculata). P was administered by Hoagland solution (0 and 1000 mMPi). Two months after sowing, plants were harvested. The results show that,with or without phosphate, the number of nodules was three times (p&lt;0.001) higher in mycorrhized plants compared to controls.Phosphate increased (p&lt;0.001) the leaf P-content by 21 and 54% for the control and mycorrhized plants, respectively. Soluble phosphate did not affect the frequency and intensity of mycorhization. Soluble phosphate and mycorhizationsignificantly improve growth and leaf P-content.</div>

Role of soluble silica in alleviating oxidative stress in soybean crop

Effect of NPK Water-soluble Fertilizer on Growth, Yield and Nutrient Uptake of Finger Millet

Effect of Soluble Silica on the Plant Growth, Leaves Chlorophyll Content and Bulb Quality of the Garlic (Allium sativum L.) against Drought Stress

Foliar Nutrition with Water Soluble Macro and Micro Nutrient Fertilizers for Yield Maximization in Bush Vegetable Cowpea

Effect of Foliar Application of Water Soluble Fertilizers on Growth and Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

Effect of foliar spray of water soluble fertilizer at pre flowering stage on yield of pulses

Role of potassium solublizing bacteria on nutrients uptake in red bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Goli) under water deficit condition

Effects of Rice Distillers Dried Grains with Soluble on Laying Performance of Khaki Campbell Duck

Effectiveness of Water-soluble Fertilizers Sprays on Productivity and Profitability of Utera Linseed (Linum usitatissimum) in Assam

Effect of mycorrhization and soluble phosphate on growth and phosphorus supply of Voandzou [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.]