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Research Article

volume 41 issue 5 (october 2018) : 702-709,   Doi: 10.18805/LR-384

Growth and yield of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) cultivars under water Deficit at different growth stages

M
Magdi A.A. Mousa
A
Adel D. Al Qurashi
1Department of Arid Land Agriculture, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, 80208 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

  • Submitted08-03-2017|

  • Accepted14-09-2017|

  • First Online 29-12-2017|

  • doi 10.18805/LR-384

Cite article:- Mousa A.A. Magdi, Qurashi Al D. Adel (2017). Growth and yield of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) cultivars under water Deficit at different growth stages. Legume Research. 41(5): 702-709. doi: 10.18805/LR-384.

ABSTRACT

A field experiment was conducted in 2013 and 2014 at the Agriculture Experimental Station of King Abdulaziz University to study the effects of water deficit treatments at different growth stages on growth, yield and IWUE on cowpea cultivars. Four water deficit treatments were applied T0 (no water deficit), T1 (at vegetative stage), T2 (at flowering and pod setting), T3 (at pod filling), T4 (at vegetative and flowering) and T5 (at flowering and pod filling). The cultivars ‘Balady’ under water deficit T1, T3 and T4 and ‘Cream7’under T1 and T2 produced the highest yield component parameters except number of pods/plant. The highest yield of dry seeds kg/ha was produced by the cultivars ‘Cream7’ under water deficit T1 and T3 and ‘Balady’ under T2. ‘Cream7’ and ‘Balady’ revealed the highest irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) under water deficit T1, T2 and T4. High seed yield of ‘Balady and ‘Cream7’ can be obtained by applying water deficit at vegetative stage (T1).

REFERENCES

  1. Aboamera, M.A. (2010). Response of cowpea to water deficit under semi-portable sprinkler irrigation system. Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 27: 170- 190.
  2. Afzal, A. and Kumar, R. (2015). Effect of irrigation scheduling on the growth and yield of wheat genotypes. Agriculture Science Digest, 35 : 199-202. DOI: 10.5958/0976-0547.2015.00045.2
  3. Ahmed, F.E. and Suliman, A.S.H. (2010). Effect of water stress applied at different stages of growth on seed yield and water-use efficiency of cowpea. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America, 1: 534-540.
  4. Allen, R.G., Pereira, L.S., Raes, D. and Smith, M. (1998). Crop Evapotranspiration —Guidelines for Computing Crop Water Requirements. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome.
  5. El-Nakhlawy, F.S., Ismail, S.M. and Basahi, J.M. (2017). Optimizing mungbean productivity and irrigation water use efficiency through the use of low water- consumption during plant growth stages. Legume Research (http://arccjournals.com/journal/    legume-research-an-international-journal/LR-336).
  6. Faloye, O.T. and Alatise, M.O. (2015). Effect of varying water applications on evapotranspiration and yield of cowpea under sprinkler irrigation system. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences, 8: 307-319.
  7. Gomez, K.A. and Gomez, A.A. (1984). Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research (2nd Edn.).194 John Wiley and Sons, New York. pp. 680. 
  8. Gwathmey, C.O. and Hall, A.E. (1992). Adaptation to midseason drought of cowpea genotypes with contrasting senescence traits. Crop Science, 32: 773-778.
  9. Hall, A. E. (2012). Phenotyping cowpeas for adaptation to drought. Frontiers in Physiology, 3: 1-8. doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2012.00155
  10. Hsiao, T.C. and Acevedo, E. (1974). Plant response to water deficits, water use efficiency, and drought resistance. Agriculture. Meteorology, 14: 59 – 84.
  11. Ismail, S.M.I. and Magdi A.A.M. (2014). Optimizing tomato productivity and water use efficiency using water regimes. Plant Density and Row Spacing Under Arid Land Conditions. Irrigation and Darning, 63: 640-650. DOI: 10.1002/ird.1868.
  12. Kamara, A.Y., Ewansiha, S., Ajeigbe, H., Omoigui, L., Tofa, A.I. and Karim, K. Y. (2017). Agronomic evaluation of cowpea cultivars developed for the West African Savannas. Legume Research, 40: 669-676. DOI: 10.18805/lr.v0i0.8410 
  13. Mousa, M.A.A., Al-Qurashi, A.D. and Bakhashwain, A.A.S. (2013). Response of tomato genotypes at early growing stages to irrigation water salinity. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 11: 132-138.
  14. Mousa, M.A.A., Al-Qurashi, A.D. and Bakhashwain, A.A.S. (2014). Ions concentrations and their ratios in roots and shoots of tomato genotypes associatedwith salinity tolerance at early growth stage. International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences, 4: 586-600.
  15. Ong, C.K., (1984). The influence of temperature and water deficits on the partitioning of dry matter in groundnut (Archis hypogaea L.). Journal of Experimental Botany, 35: 746 – 755.
  16. Ram, H., Singh, G., Aggarwal, N. (2016). Effect of irrigation, straw mulching and weed control on growth, water use efficiency and productivity of summer mungbean. Legume Research, 39: 284-288. DOI: 10.18805/lr.v39i2.9533
  17. Ramachandiran, K. and Pazhanivelan, S. (2016). Abiotic factors (nitrogen and water) in maize : A review. Agricultural Reviews, 37: 317-324. DOI: 10.18805/ag.v37i4.6462. 
  18. Sousa, C.C., Damasceno-Silva, K.J., Bastos, E.A. and Rocha, M.M. (2015) Selection of cowpea progenies with enhanced drought-    tolerance traits using principal component analysis. Genetics and Molecular Research, 14 : 15981-15987. DOI http://dx.doi.org/    10.4238/2015.December.7.10
  19. Warrag, M.O.A. and Hall, A.E. (1984). Reproductive responses of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp] to heat stress. II. Responses to night air temperature. Field Crops Research, 8:17-33.
  20. Ziska, L.H. and Hall, A.E. (1983). Seed yields and water use of cowpeas [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] subjected to planned-water deficit. Irrigation Science, 3: 237-245.
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    Research Article

    volume 41 issue 5 (october 2018) : 702-709,   Doi: 10.18805/LR-384

    Growth and yield of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) cultivars under water Deficit at different growth stages

    M
    Magdi A.A. Mousa
    A
    Adel D. Al Qurashi
    1Department of Arid Land Agriculture, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, 80208 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

    • Submitted08-03-2017|

    • Accepted14-09-2017|

    • First Online 29-12-2017|

    • doi 10.18805/LR-384

    Cite article:- Mousa A.A. Magdi, Qurashi Al D. Adel (2017). Growth and yield of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) cultivars under water Deficit at different growth stages. Legume Research. 41(5): 702-709. doi: 10.18805/LR-384.

    ABSTRACT

    A field experiment was conducted in 2013 and 2014 at the Agriculture Experimental Station of King Abdulaziz University to study the effects of water deficit treatments at different growth stages on growth, yield and IWUE on cowpea cultivars. Four water deficit treatments were applied T0 (no water deficit), T1 (at vegetative stage), T2 (at flowering and pod setting), T3 (at pod filling), T4 (at vegetative and flowering) and T5 (at flowering and pod filling). The cultivars ‘Balady’ under water deficit T1, T3 and T4 and ‘Cream7’under T1 and T2 produced the highest yield component parameters except number of pods/plant. The highest yield of dry seeds kg/ha was produced by the cultivars ‘Cream7’ under water deficit T1 and T3 and ‘Balady’ under T2. ‘Cream7’ and ‘Balady’ revealed the highest irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) under water deficit T1, T2 and T4. High seed yield of ‘Balady and ‘Cream7’ can be obtained by applying water deficit at vegetative stage (T1).

    REFERENCES

    1. Aboamera, M.A. (2010). Response of cowpea to water deficit under semi-portable sprinkler irrigation system. Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 27: 170- 190.
    2. Afzal, A. and Kumar, R. (2015). Effect of irrigation scheduling on the growth and yield of wheat genotypes. Agriculture Science Digest, 35 : 199-202. DOI: 10.5958/0976-0547.2015.00045.2
    3. Ahmed, F.E. and Suliman, A.S.H. (2010). Effect of water stress applied at different stages of growth on seed yield and water-use efficiency of cowpea. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America, 1: 534-540.
    4. Allen, R.G., Pereira, L.S., Raes, D. and Smith, M. (1998). Crop Evapotranspiration —Guidelines for Computing Crop Water Requirements. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome.
    5. El-Nakhlawy, F.S., Ismail, S.M. and Basahi, J.M. (2017). Optimizing mungbean productivity and irrigation water use efficiency through the use of low water- consumption during plant growth stages. Legume Research (http://arccjournals.com/journal/    legume-research-an-international-journal/LR-336).
    6. Faloye, O.T. and Alatise, M.O. (2015). Effect of varying water applications on evapotranspiration and yield of cowpea under sprinkler irrigation system. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences, 8: 307-319.
    7. Gomez, K.A. and Gomez, A.A. (1984). Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research (2nd Edn.).194 John Wiley and Sons, New York. pp. 680. 
    8. Gwathmey, C.O. and Hall, A.E. (1992). Adaptation to midseason drought of cowpea genotypes with contrasting senescence traits. Crop Science, 32: 773-778.
    9. Hall, A. E. (2012). Phenotyping cowpeas for adaptation to drought. Frontiers in Physiology, 3: 1-8. doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2012.00155
    10. Hsiao, T.C. and Acevedo, E. (1974). Plant response to water deficits, water use efficiency, and drought resistance. Agriculture. Meteorology, 14: 59 – 84.
    11. Ismail, S.M.I. and Magdi A.A.M. (2014). Optimizing tomato productivity and water use efficiency using water regimes. Plant Density and Row Spacing Under Arid Land Conditions. Irrigation and Darning, 63: 640-650. DOI: 10.1002/ird.1868.
    12. Kamara, A.Y., Ewansiha, S., Ajeigbe, H., Omoigui, L., Tofa, A.I. and Karim, K. Y. (2017). Agronomic evaluation of cowpea cultivars developed for the West African Savannas. Legume Research, 40: 669-676. DOI: 10.18805/lr.v0i0.8410 
    13. Mousa, M.A.A., Al-Qurashi, A.D. and Bakhashwain, A.A.S. (2013). Response of tomato genotypes at early growing stages to irrigation water salinity. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 11: 132-138.
    14. Mousa, M.A.A., Al-Qurashi, A.D. and Bakhashwain, A.A.S. (2014). Ions concentrations and their ratios in roots and shoots of tomato genotypes associatedwith salinity tolerance at early growth stage. International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences, 4: 586-600.
    15. Ong, C.K., (1984). The influence of temperature and water deficits on the partitioning of dry matter in groundnut (Archis hypogaea L.). Journal of Experimental Botany, 35: 746 – 755.
    16. Ram, H., Singh, G., Aggarwal, N. (2016). Effect of irrigation, straw mulching and weed control on growth, water use efficiency and productivity of summer mungbean. Legume Research, 39: 284-288. DOI: 10.18805/lr.v39i2.9533
    17. Ramachandiran, K. and Pazhanivelan, S. (2016). Abiotic factors (nitrogen and water) in maize : A review. Agricultural Reviews, 37: 317-324. DOI: 10.18805/ag.v37i4.6462. 
    18. Sousa, C.C., Damasceno-Silva, K.J., Bastos, E.A. and Rocha, M.M. (2015) Selection of cowpea progenies with enhanced drought-    tolerance traits using principal component analysis. Genetics and Molecular Research, 14 : 15981-15987. DOI http://dx.doi.org/    10.4238/2015.December.7.10
    19. Warrag, M.O.A. and Hall, A.E. (1984). Reproductive responses of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp] to heat stress. II. Responses to night air temperature. Field Crops Research, 8:17-33.
    20. Ziska, L.H. and Hall, A.E. (1983). Seed yields and water use of cowpeas [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] subjected to planned-water deficit. Irrigation Science, 3: 237-245.
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