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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

Research Article

How leguminous biomass can increase yield and quality of maize grain in tropical agrosystems

A
Alana C.F. Aguiar
E
Elialdo A. Souza
A
Anágila J. Cardoso-Silva
E
Emanoel G. Moura

  • Submitted01-08-2017|

  • Accepted29-10-2018|

  • First Online 31-01-2019|

  • doi 10.18805/LR-380

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of soil cover with a combination of tree leguminous on increasing grain yield, grain protein content, and maize protein yield. The experiment was conducted with 10 treatments: Leucaena leucocephala + Clitoria fairchildiana + urea (L+C+U); L. leucocephala + Acacia mangium + urea (L+A+U); Gliricidia sepium + C. fairchildiana + urea (G+C+U); G. sepium + A. mangium + urea (G+A+U); L. leucocephala + C. fairchildiana (L+C); L. leucocephala + A. mangium (L+A); G. sepium + C. fairchildiana (G+C); G. sepium + A. mangium (G+A); bare soil with urea (B+U); and a control with bare soil without mineral fertiliser. Differences between G+C+U and B+U, in the agronomic efficiencies, increase in N contents, increase in grain yield. To increase the protein yields in humid regions, leguminous are used to provide nutrients and improve the root environment rather than interacting antagonistically with the crops.

REFERENCES

  1. Aguiar, A.C.F., Bicudo, S.J., Costa Sobrinho, J.R.S., Martins, A.L.S., Coelho, K.P., Moura, E.G. (2010).Nutrient recycling and physical indicators of an alley cropping system in a sandy loam soil in the Pre-Amazon region of Brazil. Nutrient Cycling in Agroeco    systems, 86: 189-198. 
  2. Andrade, A.B., Ferrarese, M.L.L., Teixeira, A.F., Ferrarese-Filho, O. (2008).Mimosine-inhibited soybean (Glycine max) root growth, lignification and related enzymes. Allelopathy Journal, 21: 145-154.
  3. Baligar, V.C., Fageria, N.K., He, Z.L. (2001). Nutrient use efficiency in plants. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 32: 921-950.
  4. Chen, X.P., Zhang, F.S., Cui, Z.L., Li, F., Li, J.L. (2010). Optimizing soil nitrogen supply in the root zone to improve maize management. Soil Science Society America Journal, 74: 1367–1373.
  5. Cook, R.J., Valdez, G.S.B., Lee, H.C. (2006). Mulch effects on rainfall interception, soil physical characteristics and temperature under Zea mays L. Soil Tillage & Research, 91: 227-235.
  6. D’Andrea, K.E., Otegui, M.E., Cirilo, A.G. (2008). Kernel number determination differs among maize hybrids in response to nitrogen. Field Crops Research, 105: 228–239.
  7. FAO. (2003). Food energy – methods of analysis and conversion factors. FAO Food and Nutrition, Paper 77. Available on line: http:/    /www.fao.org/uploads/media/FAO_2003_Food_Energy_02.pdf. (accessed on 19 April 2009).
  8. Hay, R.K.M. and Gilbert, R.A. (2001). Variation in the harvest index of tropical maize: evaluation of recent evidence from Mexico and Malawi. Annals of Applied Biology, 138: 103-109.
  9. Meena, B.P., Shirale, A.O., Biswas, A.K., Lakaria, B.L., Jha, P., Gurav, P.P., Wanjari, R.H., Patra A.K. (2018). Diversified agriculture for higher productivity and profitability – A review. Agricultural Reviews, 39: 104-112.
  10. Moura, E.G., Sena, V.G.L., Sousa, C.C.M., Silva, F.R., Coelho, M.J.A., Macedo, V.R.A., Aguiar, A.C.F. (2016). Enhancement of the rootability of a structurally fragile tropical soil using gypsum and leguminous residues to increase the maize yield. Soil Use and Management, 32: 118-126.
  11. Moura, E.G., Oliveira, A.K.C., Coutinho, G.K., Pinheiro, M., Aguiar, A.C.F. (2012).Management of a cohesive tropical soil to enhance rootability and increase the efficiency of nitrogen and potassium use. Soil Use and Management, 28: 370-377.
  12. Moura, E.G., Serpa, S.S., Santos, J.G.D., Costa Sobrinho, J.R.S., Aguiar, A.C.F. (2010).Nutrient use efficiency in alley cropping systems in the Amazonian periphery. Plant and Soil, 335: 363-371.
  13. Mulumba, L.N. and Lal, R. (2008) Mulching effects on selected soil physical properties. Soil Tillage &Research, 98: 106 – 111.
  14. Ngaboyisonga, C., Njoroge, K., Kirubi, D., Githiri, S.M. (2012). Quality protein maize under low N and drought environments: endosperm modification, protein and tryptophan concentrations in grains. Agricultural Journal, 7: 327-338.
  15. Paponov, I.A. and Engels, C. (2005). Effect of nitrogen supply on carbon and nitrogen partitioning after flowering in maize. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 168: 447-453.
  16. Peguero, G., Lanuza, O.R., Save, R., Espelta, J.M. (2012). Allelopathic potential of the neotropical dry-forest tree Acacia pennatula Benth: inhibition of seedling establishment exceeds facilitation under tree canopies. Plant Ecology, 213: 1945–1953.
  17. Sangtam, S., Gohain, T., Kikon, N. (2017). Assessment of nitrogen doses and planting densities for optimizing growth and yield performance of rainfed maize (Zea mays L.). Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, 51: 473-477
  18. Seebauer, J.R., Singletary, G.W., Krumpelman, P.M., Ruffo, M.L., Below, F.E. (2010). Relationship of source and sink in determining kernel composition of maize. Journal of Experimental Botany, 61: 511–519.
  19. Temminghoff, E.E.J.M. and Houba,V.J.G. (2004). Plant Analysis Procedures, 2nd ed.; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Springer, Netherlands.
  20. Tian, G., Brussaard, L., Kang, B. (1995) An index for assessing the quality of plant residues and evaluating their effects on soil and crop in the (sub-) humid tropics. Applied Soil Ecology, 2: 25–32.
  21. Yadav, M.R., Parihar, C.M., Jat, S.L., Singh, A.K., Kumar, R., Yadav, R.K., Parihar, M.D., Makarana, G., Jat, M.L. (2017). Impact of legume intensified crop rotations and tillage practices on maize productivity vis-à-vis C and N dynamics of a sandy loam soil in north-western Indo-Gangetic Plains of India. Legume Research, 40: 1028-1037. 
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    Research Article

    How leguminous biomass can increase yield and quality of maize grain in tropical agrosystems

    A
    Alana C.F. Aguiar
    E
    Elialdo A. Souza
    A
    Anágila J. Cardoso-Silva
    E
    Emanoel G. Moura

    • Submitted01-08-2017|

    • Accepted29-10-2018|

    • First Online 31-01-2019|

    • doi 10.18805/LR-380

    ABSTRACT

    The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of soil cover with a combination of tree leguminous on increasing grain yield, grain protein content, and maize protein yield. The experiment was conducted with 10 treatments: Leucaena leucocephala + Clitoria fairchildiana + urea (L+C+U); L. leucocephala + Acacia mangium + urea (L+A+U); Gliricidia sepium + C. fairchildiana + urea (G+C+U); G. sepium + A. mangium + urea (G+A+U); L. leucocephala + C. fairchildiana (L+C); L. leucocephala + A. mangium (L+A); G. sepium + C. fairchildiana (G+C); G. sepium + A. mangium (G+A); bare soil with urea (B+U); and a control with bare soil without mineral fertiliser. Differences between G+C+U and B+U, in the agronomic efficiencies, increase in N contents, increase in grain yield. To increase the protein yields in humid regions, leguminous are used to provide nutrients and improve the root environment rather than interacting antagonistically with the crops.

    REFERENCES

    1. Aguiar, A.C.F., Bicudo, S.J., Costa Sobrinho, J.R.S., Martins, A.L.S., Coelho, K.P., Moura, E.G. (2010).Nutrient recycling and physical indicators of an alley cropping system in a sandy loam soil in the Pre-Amazon region of Brazil. Nutrient Cycling in Agroeco    systems, 86: 189-198. 
    2. Andrade, A.B., Ferrarese, M.L.L., Teixeira, A.F., Ferrarese-Filho, O. (2008).Mimosine-inhibited soybean (Glycine max) root growth, lignification and related enzymes. Allelopathy Journal, 21: 145-154.
    3. Baligar, V.C., Fageria, N.K., He, Z.L. (2001). Nutrient use efficiency in plants. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 32: 921-950.
    4. Chen, X.P., Zhang, F.S., Cui, Z.L., Li, F., Li, J.L. (2010). Optimizing soil nitrogen supply in the root zone to improve maize management. Soil Science Society America Journal, 74: 1367–1373.
    5. Cook, R.J., Valdez, G.S.B., Lee, H.C. (2006). Mulch effects on rainfall interception, soil physical characteristics and temperature under Zea mays L. Soil Tillage & Research, 91: 227-235.
    6. D’Andrea, K.E., Otegui, M.E., Cirilo, A.G. (2008). Kernel number determination differs among maize hybrids in response to nitrogen. Field Crops Research, 105: 228–239.
    7. FAO. (2003). Food energy – methods of analysis and conversion factors. FAO Food and Nutrition, Paper 77. Available on line: http:/    /www.fao.org/uploads/media/FAO_2003_Food_Energy_02.pdf. (accessed on 19 April 2009).
    8. Hay, R.K.M. and Gilbert, R.A. (2001). Variation in the harvest index of tropical maize: evaluation of recent evidence from Mexico and Malawi. Annals of Applied Biology, 138: 103-109.
    9. Meena, B.P., Shirale, A.O., Biswas, A.K., Lakaria, B.L., Jha, P., Gurav, P.P., Wanjari, R.H., Patra A.K. (2018). Diversified agriculture for higher productivity and profitability – A review. Agricultural Reviews, 39: 104-112.
    10. Moura, E.G., Sena, V.G.L., Sousa, C.C.M., Silva, F.R., Coelho, M.J.A., Macedo, V.R.A., Aguiar, A.C.F. (2016). Enhancement of the rootability of a structurally fragile tropical soil using gypsum and leguminous residues to increase the maize yield. Soil Use and Management, 32: 118-126.
    11. Moura, E.G., Oliveira, A.K.C., Coutinho, G.K., Pinheiro, M., Aguiar, A.C.F. (2012).Management of a cohesive tropical soil to enhance rootability and increase the efficiency of nitrogen and potassium use. Soil Use and Management, 28: 370-377.
    12. Moura, E.G., Serpa, S.S., Santos, J.G.D., Costa Sobrinho, J.R.S., Aguiar, A.C.F. (2010).Nutrient use efficiency in alley cropping systems in the Amazonian periphery. Plant and Soil, 335: 363-371.
    13. Mulumba, L.N. and Lal, R. (2008) Mulching effects on selected soil physical properties. Soil Tillage &Research, 98: 106 – 111.
    14. Ngaboyisonga, C., Njoroge, K., Kirubi, D., Githiri, S.M. (2012). Quality protein maize under low N and drought environments: endosperm modification, protein and tryptophan concentrations in grains. Agricultural Journal, 7: 327-338.
    15. Paponov, I.A. and Engels, C. (2005). Effect of nitrogen supply on carbon and nitrogen partitioning after flowering in maize. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 168: 447-453.
    16. Peguero, G., Lanuza, O.R., Save, R., Espelta, J.M. (2012). Allelopathic potential of the neotropical dry-forest tree Acacia pennatula Benth: inhibition of seedling establishment exceeds facilitation under tree canopies. Plant Ecology, 213: 1945–1953.
    17. Sangtam, S., Gohain, T., Kikon, N. (2017). Assessment of nitrogen doses and planting densities for optimizing growth and yield performance of rainfed maize (Zea mays L.). Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, 51: 473-477
    18. Seebauer, J.R., Singletary, G.W., Krumpelman, P.M., Ruffo, M.L., Below, F.E. (2010). Relationship of source and sink in determining kernel composition of maize. Journal of Experimental Botany, 61: 511–519.
    19. Temminghoff, E.E.J.M. and Houba,V.J.G. (2004). Plant Analysis Procedures, 2nd ed.; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Springer, Netherlands.
    20. Tian, G., Brussaard, L., Kang, B. (1995) An index for assessing the quality of plant residues and evaluating their effects on soil and crop in the (sub-) humid tropics. Applied Soil Ecology, 2: 25–32.
    21. Yadav, M.R., Parihar, C.M., Jat, S.L., Singh, A.K., Kumar, R., Yadav, R.K., Parihar, M.D., Makarana, G., Jat, M.L. (2017). Impact of legume intensified crop rotations and tillage practices on maize productivity vis-à-vis C and N dynamics of a sandy loam soil in north-western Indo-Gangetic Plains of India. Legume Research, 40: 1028-1037. 
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