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Research Article

volume 41 issue 3 (june 2018) : 454-460,   Doi: 10.18805/lr.v40i04.9012

Alteration in b-1,3 glucanase and chitinase activity in chickpea varieties infected with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri race 4

Y
Y.M. Shukla
K
K.P. Suthar
1Department of Biochemistry, B.A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand-388 110, Gujrat, India.
Cite article:- Shukla Y.M., Suthar K.P. (2017). Alteration in b-1,3 glucanase and chitinase activity in chickpea varieties infected with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri race 4. Legume Research. 41(3): 454-460. doi: 10.18805/lr.v40i04.9012.

ABSTRACT

Alterations in b-1,3 glucanase and chitinase activity during host-pathogen interaction were studied in chickpea varieties JCP 27 (resistant) and JG 62 (susceptible) to vascular wilt caused by  Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri race 4. The enzyme activities were analyzed in root, stem and leaf tissues at three  stages viz., pre-infection, infection and post-infection in normal and inoculated soil. The b-1,3 glucanase activity in root, stem and leaf tissues of susceptible variety found higher than those of resistant one at all the stages of infection under inoculated condition.. The chitinase activity in root and leaf tissues of susceptible variety was higher than the resistant variety at all infection stages in inoculated soil, whereas in stem tissue the activity level was higher in resistant variety at pre-infection and infection stages. Overall result revealed that b-1,3 glucanase showed higher induction with increase in inoculums pressure of the fungal pathogen, whereas hydrolytic enzyme chitinase was induced only when inoculum pressure of the fungal pathogen was severe. 

REFERENCES

  1. Agrarwal R, Purwar S, Kharbikar LL and Gupta S (2011). Induction of a wheat b-1,3-glucanase gene during the defense response to Bipolaris sorokiniana. Acta Phytopathol. Entomol. Hung. 46: 39-47.
  2. Alverez ME (2000) Salicylic acid in the machinery of hypersensitive cell death and disease resistance. Plant Mol Bio. 44: 429-442.
  3. Bezier A, Lambert B and Baillieual F (2002). Study of defense-related gene expression in grapevine leaves and berries infected with Botrytis cinerea. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 108: 111-120.
  4. Boller T and Mauch F (1988) Colorimetric assay of chitinase. Methods in Enzymol. 161: 431-435.
  5. Bradley DJ, Kjellbom P and Lamb CJ (1992) Elicitor- and wound-induced oxidative cross-linking of a proline-rich plant cell wall protein: a novel, rapid defense response. Cell 70:21–30. 
  6. Chaturvedi SK and Nadarajan N (2010) Genetic enhancement for grain yield in chickpea – accomplishments and resetting research agenda. Electron J Plant Breed. 1: 611-615.
  7. Chaube HS, Pundhir VS (2005) Vascular wilt, In: Crop Diseases and their Management. Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd . New Delhi. Chapter-22. p. 461.
  8. Cho S and Muehlbauer FJ (2004) Genetic effect of differentially regulated fungal response genes on resistance to necrotrophic fungal pathogens in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Physiol Mol Plant Pathol. 64: 57–66.
  9. Croser JS, Clarke HJ, Siddique KHM and Khan TN (2003) Low temperature stress: Implications for chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) improvement. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 22:185–219.
  10. FAO. (2010). http://faostat.fao.org/faostat/collections?subset=agriculture. Last updated February 2010.
  11. Ferreira RB, Monteiro S, Freitas R, Santos CN, Chen Z, Batista LM, Duarte J, Borges A and Teixeira AR (2007) The role of plant defense proteins in fungal pathogenesis. Mol. Plant Pathol. 8: 677–700.
  12. Gupta S, Chakraborti D, Sengupta A, Basu D and Das S (2011) Primary Metabolism of Chickpea Is the Initial Target of Wound Inducing Early Sensed Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri race I. Plos one, 5: 90-30
  13. Gupta VK, Gupta A, Mishra AK, Gaur RK and pandey BK (2010) RAPD-PCR of Trichoderma isolated and in vitro antagonism against Fusarium wilt pathogen of Psidium guajava L. J. Plant Protection Res. 50:
  14. Haware MP and Nene YL (1982) Races of Fusarium oxysporium F. sp. ciceri. Plant Dis. 66: 250-251
  15. Jimenez-Diaz RM, Trapero-Casas A and Cabrera dela Colina J (1989) Races of Fusarium oxysporum F. sp. ciceris infecting chickpea in southern Spain. In: Tjamos EC, Beckman CH (eds) Vascular wilt diseases of plants. NATO ASI Series H28. Springer Verlag, Berlin, Pp 515–520.
  16. Kauffman S, Legrand M, Geoffory P and Fritig B (1987) Biological functions of ‘pathogenesis related’ proteins: four PR proteins of tobacco have b 1-3 –glucanase activity. EMBO J. 6: 3209-3212.
  17. Kuc, J (2006) What’s old and what; new in concepts of induced systemic resistance in plants, and its applications. In: Multigenic and Induced Resistance in Plants. (Eds.): S. Tuzun and E. Bent. Srringer NY, USA.
  18. Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL and Randall RJ (1951) Protein measurement with folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 193: 265-275.
  19. Mishra AK and Gupta VK (2009) Trichoderma, biodiversity and biotechnology. J. Eco friendly Agric. 4: 99-117.
  20. Nelson NS (1957) Colorimetric analysis of sugars. Method Enzymol. 3: 85-86.
  21. Nene YL, Haware MP and Reddy MV (1981) Chickpea diseases: Resistance Screening Techniques. Information Bulletin No. 10, ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. p. 11.
  22. Reissig JL, Strominger JL and Lefloir LF (1955) A modified colorimetric method for the estimation of N-acetyl amino sugars. J. Biol. Chem. 217: 959-966.
  23. Robert N, Roche K, Lebeau Y, Breda C, Boulay M, Esnault R, and Buffard D (2002). Expression of grapevine chitinase genes in berries and leaves infected by fungal or bacterial pathogens. Plant Sci. 162: 389-400.
  24. Rodrigues SP, Lindsey G and Fernandes PMB (2006) Biotechnological approaches to the control of plant viruses, chap 6. In: Thangadurai D et al (eds) Plant stress and biotechnology. Oxford Book Company, Jaipur
  25. Saikia R, Singh BP, Kumar R and Arora DK (2005) Detection of pathogenesis-related proteins chitinase and b-1,3-glucanase in induced chickpea. Current Sci., 89: 659-663.
  26. Saikia R, Yadav M, Singh BP, Gogoi DK and Singh T (2006) Induction of resistance in chickpea by cell wall protein of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri and Macrophomina phaseolina. Current Sci. 91: 1543–1546.
  27. Sarwar N, Hayatzahid M And Haq I (2010) Seed treatments induced systemic resistance in Chickpea against Fusarium wilt in wilt sick field. Pak. J. Bot. 42: 3323-3326.
  28. Sharma N, Sharma KP, Gaur RK and Gupta VK (2011) Role of chitinase in plant defense. Asian J. Biochem., 6: 29-37.
  29. Singh G, Chen W, Rubiales D, Moore K, Sharma YR and Gan Y (2007) Diseases and their management. In Chickpea Breeding and Management , Yadav, Redden, Chen and Sharma (Eds). CAB International pp. 497-519.
  30. Somogyi NJ (1957) Notes on sugar determination. J Biol Chem. 195: 19-23.
  31. Sudupak MA, Akkaya MS and Kence A (2002) Analysis of genetic relationships among perennial and annual Cicer species growing in Turkey using RAPD markers. Theor Appl Genet. 105:1220–1228.
  32. Taira T, Toma N and Ishihara M (2005) Purification, characterization and antifungal activity of chitinases from pineapple (Ananas comosus) leaf. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 69:189–196.
  33. Van Loon LC, Rep M and Pieterse CMJ (2006). Significance of inducible defence-related proteins in infected plants. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 44:135–162.
  34. Wang AY, Lou BG and Xu T (2007) Inhibitory effect of the secretion of Pythium oligandrum on plant pathogenic fungi and the control effect against tomato gray mould. Acta Phytophylacica Sinica, 34: 57-60.
  35. Wang Y, Dai C, Cao J and Xu D (2012). Comparison of the effects of fungal endophyte Gilmaniella sp. and its elicitor on Atractylodes lancea plantlets. World J Microbiol Biotechnol, 28:575-584.
  36. Zarandi AS, Bagheria A, Baghizadeh A and Moshtaghi N (2011). Quantitative analysis of chitinase gene expression in chickpea. Russ J Plant Physl+, 58: 681–685. 
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    Research Article

    volume 41 issue 3 (june 2018) : 454-460,   Doi: 10.18805/lr.v40i04.9012

    Alteration in b-1,3 glucanase and chitinase activity in chickpea varieties infected with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri race 4

    Y
    Y.M. Shukla
    K
    K.P. Suthar
    1Department of Biochemistry, B.A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand-388 110, Gujrat, India.
    Cite article:- Shukla Y.M., Suthar K.P. (2017). Alteration in b-1,3 glucanase and chitinase activity in chickpea varieties infected with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri race 4. Legume Research. 41(3): 454-460. doi: 10.18805/lr.v40i04.9012.

    ABSTRACT

    Alterations in b-1,3 glucanase and chitinase activity during host-pathogen interaction were studied in chickpea varieties JCP 27 (resistant) and JG 62 (susceptible) to vascular wilt caused by  Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri race 4. The enzyme activities were analyzed in root, stem and leaf tissues at three  stages viz., pre-infection, infection and post-infection in normal and inoculated soil. The b-1,3 glucanase activity in root, stem and leaf tissues of susceptible variety found higher than those of resistant one at all the stages of infection under inoculated condition.. The chitinase activity in root and leaf tissues of susceptible variety was higher than the resistant variety at all infection stages in inoculated soil, whereas in stem tissue the activity level was higher in resistant variety at pre-infection and infection stages. Overall result revealed that b-1,3 glucanase showed higher induction with increase in inoculums pressure of the fungal pathogen, whereas hydrolytic enzyme chitinase was induced only when inoculum pressure of the fungal pathogen was severe. 

    REFERENCES

    1. Agrarwal R, Purwar S, Kharbikar LL and Gupta S (2011). Induction of a wheat b-1,3-glucanase gene during the defense response to Bipolaris sorokiniana. Acta Phytopathol. Entomol. Hung. 46: 39-47.
    2. Alverez ME (2000) Salicylic acid in the machinery of hypersensitive cell death and disease resistance. Plant Mol Bio. 44: 429-442.
    3. Bezier A, Lambert B and Baillieual F (2002). Study of defense-related gene expression in grapevine leaves and berries infected with Botrytis cinerea. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 108: 111-120.
    4. Boller T and Mauch F (1988) Colorimetric assay of chitinase. Methods in Enzymol. 161: 431-435.
    5. Bradley DJ, Kjellbom P and Lamb CJ (1992) Elicitor- and wound-induced oxidative cross-linking of a proline-rich plant cell wall protein: a novel, rapid defense response. Cell 70:21–30. 
    6. Chaturvedi SK and Nadarajan N (2010) Genetic enhancement for grain yield in chickpea – accomplishments and resetting research agenda. Electron J Plant Breed. 1: 611-615.
    7. Chaube HS, Pundhir VS (2005) Vascular wilt, In: Crop Diseases and their Management. Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd . New Delhi. Chapter-22. p. 461.
    8. Cho S and Muehlbauer FJ (2004) Genetic effect of differentially regulated fungal response genes on resistance to necrotrophic fungal pathogens in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Physiol Mol Plant Pathol. 64: 57–66.
    9. Croser JS, Clarke HJ, Siddique KHM and Khan TN (2003) Low temperature stress: Implications for chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) improvement. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 22:185–219.
    10. FAO. (2010). http://faostat.fao.org/faostat/collections?subset=agriculture. Last updated February 2010.
    11. Ferreira RB, Monteiro S, Freitas R, Santos CN, Chen Z, Batista LM, Duarte J, Borges A and Teixeira AR (2007) The role of plant defense proteins in fungal pathogenesis. Mol. Plant Pathol. 8: 677–700.
    12. Gupta S, Chakraborti D, Sengupta A, Basu D and Das S (2011) Primary Metabolism of Chickpea Is the Initial Target of Wound Inducing Early Sensed Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri race I. Plos one, 5: 90-30
    13. Gupta VK, Gupta A, Mishra AK, Gaur RK and pandey BK (2010) RAPD-PCR of Trichoderma isolated and in vitro antagonism against Fusarium wilt pathogen of Psidium guajava L. J. Plant Protection Res. 50:
    14. Haware MP and Nene YL (1982) Races of Fusarium oxysporium F. sp. ciceri. Plant Dis. 66: 250-251
    15. Jimenez-Diaz RM, Trapero-Casas A and Cabrera dela Colina J (1989) Races of Fusarium oxysporum F. sp. ciceris infecting chickpea in southern Spain. In: Tjamos EC, Beckman CH (eds) Vascular wilt diseases of plants. NATO ASI Series H28. Springer Verlag, Berlin, Pp 515–520.
    16. Kauffman S, Legrand M, Geoffory P and Fritig B (1987) Biological functions of ‘pathogenesis related’ proteins: four PR proteins of tobacco have b 1-3 –glucanase activity. EMBO J. 6: 3209-3212.
    17. Kuc, J (2006) What’s old and what; new in concepts of induced systemic resistance in plants, and its applications. In: Multigenic and Induced Resistance in Plants. (Eds.): S. Tuzun and E. Bent. Srringer NY, USA.
    18. Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL and Randall RJ (1951) Protein measurement with folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 193: 265-275.
    19. Mishra AK and Gupta VK (2009) Trichoderma, biodiversity and biotechnology. J. Eco friendly Agric. 4: 99-117.
    20. Nelson NS (1957) Colorimetric analysis of sugars. Method Enzymol. 3: 85-86.
    21. Nene YL, Haware MP and Reddy MV (1981) Chickpea diseases: Resistance Screening Techniques. Information Bulletin No. 10, ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. p. 11.
    22. Reissig JL, Strominger JL and Lefloir LF (1955) A modified colorimetric method for the estimation of N-acetyl amino sugars. J. Biol. Chem. 217: 959-966.
    23. Robert N, Roche K, Lebeau Y, Breda C, Boulay M, Esnault R, and Buffard D (2002). Expression of grapevine chitinase genes in berries and leaves infected by fungal or bacterial pathogens. Plant Sci. 162: 389-400.
    24. Rodrigues SP, Lindsey G and Fernandes PMB (2006) Biotechnological approaches to the control of plant viruses, chap 6. In: Thangadurai D et al (eds) Plant stress and biotechnology. Oxford Book Company, Jaipur
    25. Saikia R, Singh BP, Kumar R and Arora DK (2005) Detection of pathogenesis-related proteins chitinase and b-1,3-glucanase in induced chickpea. Current Sci., 89: 659-663.
    26. Saikia R, Yadav M, Singh BP, Gogoi DK and Singh T (2006) Induction of resistance in chickpea by cell wall protein of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri and Macrophomina phaseolina. Current Sci. 91: 1543–1546.
    27. Sarwar N, Hayatzahid M And Haq I (2010) Seed treatments induced systemic resistance in Chickpea against Fusarium wilt in wilt sick field. Pak. J. Bot. 42: 3323-3326.
    28. Sharma N, Sharma KP, Gaur RK and Gupta VK (2011) Role of chitinase in plant defense. Asian J. Biochem., 6: 29-37.
    29. Singh G, Chen W, Rubiales D, Moore K, Sharma YR and Gan Y (2007) Diseases and their management. In Chickpea Breeding and Management , Yadav, Redden, Chen and Sharma (Eds). CAB International pp. 497-519.
    30. Somogyi NJ (1957) Notes on sugar determination. J Biol Chem. 195: 19-23.
    31. Sudupak MA, Akkaya MS and Kence A (2002) Analysis of genetic relationships among perennial and annual Cicer species growing in Turkey using RAPD markers. Theor Appl Genet. 105:1220–1228.
    32. Taira T, Toma N and Ishihara M (2005) Purification, characterization and antifungal activity of chitinases from pineapple (Ananas comosus) leaf. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 69:189–196.
    33. Van Loon LC, Rep M and Pieterse CMJ (2006). Significance of inducible defence-related proteins in infected plants. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 44:135–162.
    34. Wang AY, Lou BG and Xu T (2007) Inhibitory effect of the secretion of Pythium oligandrum on plant pathogenic fungi and the control effect against tomato gray mould. Acta Phytophylacica Sinica, 34: 57-60.
    35. Wang Y, Dai C, Cao J and Xu D (2012). Comparison of the effects of fungal endophyte Gilmaniella sp. and its elicitor on Atractylodes lancea plantlets. World J Microbiol Biotechnol, 28:575-584.
    36. Zarandi AS, Bagheria A, Baghizadeh A and Moshtaghi N (2011). Quantitative analysis of chitinase gene expression in chickpea. Russ J Plant Physl+, 58: 681–685. 
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