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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

volume 37 issue 6 (december 2014) : 590-599,   Doi: 10.5958/0976-0571.2014.00682.1

INTERCROPPING OF HUNGARIAN VETCH (Vicia pannonica Crantz.) AND BARLEY (Hordeum vulgare L.) UNDER DIFFERENT PLANT VARIETIES AND MIXTURE RATES

A
A. Kusvuran*
M
M. Kaplan1
R
R. I. Nazli2
1Kizilirmak Vocational High School, Cankiri Karatekin University, Cankiri, Turkey
Cite article:- Kusvuran* A., Kaplan1 M., Nazli2 I. R. (2025). INTERCROPPING OF HUNGARIAN VETCH (Vicia pannonica Crantz.) AND BARLEY (Hordeum vulgare L.) UNDER DIFFERENT PLANT VARIETIES AND MIXTURE RATES . Legume Research. 37(6): 590-599. doi: 10.5958/0976-0571.2014.00682.1.

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to determine the effects of different varieties  and mixture ratios  on the forage yield and quality of a Hungarian vetch and barley intercropping system at the Middle Kizilirmak Basin of Turkey (40°202 N, 33°582 E, elevation 550 m), during the 2011–2012 and 2012–2013 growing seasons. As per the results averaged over 2 years, the different varieties and mixture ratios had significant effect on the forage yield and quality, and also the interactions for the characters studied were statistically significant. The highest Hungarian vetch rate (37.3%), green herbage (36.3 t ha–1) and crude protein (CP) yields (1510 kg ha–1) were obtained from the mixture of 80% Hungarian vetch (Tarm Beyazi-98) and 20% barley, the highest hay yield (10.5 t ha–1) was obtained from the mixture of 20% Hungarian vetch (Anadolu Pembesi-2002) and 80%barley. In terms of the forage quality parameters, such as crude protein rate (CPR), neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and relative feed value, except for the CPR (16%, in 80% Hungarian vetch (Tarm Beyazi-98)+20% barley combination), the most desirable results were assessed (54.6%, 31.3%, and 110%, respectively) from the mixture of 80% Hungarian vetch (Ege Beyazi-79) and 20% barley. The cultivar Tarm Beyazi-98 showed the highest forage yield among the tested cultivars of Hungarian vetch, while cultivar Ege Beyazi-79 had the highest forage quality. Moreover, despite the forage yield having been increased with the increasing barley seed ratio in the mixture, the forage quality significantly decreased concurrently. From the results of the study, it was concluded that the optimal values, both in yield and quality, were obtained from the 80% Hungarian vetch+20% barley intercropping system.

REFERENCES

  1. Aksoy, I. and Nursoy, H. (2010). Determination of the varying of vegetation harvested hungarian vetch and wheat mixture on nutrient content, degradation kinetics, in vitro digestibility and relative feed value. J. of Vet. Fac. of Kafkas Uni. 16(6):925-931. (In Turkish with English)
  2. Albayrak, S., Guler M. and Tongel, M.O. (2004). Effects of seed rates on forage production and hay quality of vetch- triticale mixtures. Asian J. of Plant Sci. 3(6):752-756.
  3. Albayrak S, Turk, M. and Yuksel, O. (2011). Effect of row spacing and seeding rate on Hungarian vetch yield and quality. Turkish J. of Field Crops. 16(1):54-58.
  4. Anwar, A., Ansar, M. Nadeem, M. Ahmad, G. Khan S. and Hussain, A. (2010). Performance of non-traditional winter legumes with oats for forage yield under rainfed conditions. J. of Agri. Res. 48(2):171-179.AOAC, (1990). Official Method of Analysis. 15th. edn. Association of Official Analytical Chemist, Washington, DC. USA.
  5. Aydin, N., Mut, Z., Mut H. and Ayan, I. (2010). Effect of autumn and spring sowing dates on hay yield and quality of oat (Avena sativa L.) genotypes. J. of Animal and Vet. Adv. 9(10):1539-1545.
  6. Balabanli, C. and Turk, M. (2006). The effects of harvesting periods in some forage crops mixture on herbage yield and quality. J. of Bio. Sci. 6(2):265-268.
  7. Balabanli, C. (2009). Hungarian Vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz.). Forages. Legumes forages. Edited by Avcioglu, R., R. Hatipoglu and Y. Karadag. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Press, Izmir, Turkey. 2:417-418 (In Turkish).
  8. Bedir, S. (2010). Research on determination of proper seed mixture ratio of Hungarian vetch and barley to be grown under conditions of Karaman. MsC Thesis, Cukurova University, Adana.
  9. Budak, F., Tukel, T. and Hatipoglu, R. (2011). Possibilities of growing vetch (V. pannonica, V.villosa, V. dasycarpa,) and cereal (barley, oat, triticale) mixtures in fallow fields in Eskiºehir Conditions. The J. of Animal and Plant Sci. 21(4):724-729.
  10. Dhima, K.V., Lithourgidis, A.S., Vasilakoglou, I.B. and Dordas, C.A. (2007). Competition indices of common vetch and cereal intercrops in two seeding ratio. Field Crops Res. 100:249-256.
  11. Eskandari, H., Ghanbari, A. and Javanmard, A. (2009). Intercropping of cereals and legumes for forage production. Notulae Botanicae Horti. Agrobotanici Cluj. 1(1):07-13.
  12. Freed, R.D., (1991). MSTAT-C: A Microcomputer Program for the Design, Management and Analysis of Agronomic Research Experiments. East Lansing, MI, USA: Michigan State University.
  13. Giambalvo, D. and Ruisi, P. (2011). Forage production, N uptake, N2 fixation, and N recovery of berseem clover grown in pure stand and in mixture with annual ryegrass under different managements. Plant Soil. 342:379-391.
  14. Gunduz, E.T. (2010). Effects of mixture ratio on hay yield and hay quality of Hungarian vetch+wheat mixture under Diyarbakir conditions. MsC Thesis, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey. (In Turkish with English abstracts)
  15. Gunes, A., (2009). The effects of different sowing times and densities on forage yield and some agronomical characters of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and triticale (Triticosecale Witt.) cultivars mixtures with Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz.) on irrigated conditions. PhD, Selcuk University, Konya (in Turkish with English abstract).
  16. Hauggard-Nielsen, H., Gooding, M., Ambus, P., Corre-Hellou, G., Crozat, Y., Dahlmann, C., Dibet, A., Von Fragstein, P., Pristeri, A., Monti M. and Jensen, E.S. (2009). Pea–barley intercropping for efficient symbiotic N2-fixation, soil N acquisition and use of other nutrients in European organic cropping systems. Field Crops Res. 113:64-71.
  17. Karadag, Y., 2004. Forage yields, seed yields and botanical compositions of some legume-barley mixtures under rainfed condition ýn semi-arid regions of Turkey. Asian J. of Plant Sci., 3:295-299.
  18. Karagic, D., Mihailovic, V., Katic, S., Mikic, A., Milic, D., Vasiljevic S. and Milosevic, B. (2011). Effect of row spacing on seed yield of hairy, common and Hungarian vetches. Romanian Agri. Res. 28:143-150.
  19. Koc, A., Erkovan, S., Erkovan, H.I., Oz, U., Birben, M.M. and Tunc, R. (2013). Competitive effects of plant species under different sowing ratios in some annual cereal and legume mixtures. J. of Animal and Vet. Adv. 12(4):509-520.
  20. Lauk, R. and Lauk, N. (2009). Dual intercropping of common vetch and wheat or oats, effects on yields and inte(rspecific competition. Agron. Res. 7:21–32.
  21. Lithourgidis, A.S, Vasilakoglou, I.B., Dhima, K.V., Dordas, C.A. and Yiakoulaki, M.D. (2006). Forage yield and quality of common vetch mixtures with oat and triticale in two seeding ratios. Field Crops Res. 99:106-113.
  22. Lithourgidis, A.S., Dordas, C.A., Damalas, C.A. and Vlachostergios, D.N. (2011a). Annual intercrops: an alternative pathway for sustainable agriculture. Australian J. of Crop Sci. 5:396–410.
  23. Lithourgidis, A.S., Vlachostergios, D.N., Dordas, C.A. and Damalas, C.A. (2011b). Dry matter yield, nitrogen content, and competition in pea-cereal intercropping systems. Eur. J. Agron., 34:287-294.
  24. Mariotti, M., Masoni, A., Ercoli, L. and Arduini, I. (2009). Above-and below-ground competition between barley, wheat, lupin and vetch in cereal and legume intercropping system. Grass Forage Sci. 64:401-412.
  25. Mohsenabadi, Gh.R., Jahansooz, M.R., Chaichi, M.R., Rahimian Mashhadi, H., Liaghat, A.M. and Savaghebi, Gh.R. (2008). Evaluation of barley–vetch intercrop at different nitrogen rates. J. Agric. Sci. Techn. 10:23–31.
  26. Nadeem, M., Ansar, M., Anwar, A., Hussain, A. and Khan, S. (2010). Performance of winter cereal-legumes fodder mixtures and their pure stand at different growth stages under rainfed conditions of pothowar. J. of Agri. Res. 48(2):181-192.
  27. Orak, A. and Nizam, I. (2012). Determining the Yields of Some Annual Forage Crop Intercropping Suitable for Tekirdag Conditions. Research J. of Agri. Sci.-TABAD. 5(2):5-10. (in Turkish with English abstract)Ozel, A. (2010). Determining the appropriate mixture rations in barley + Hungarian vetch and barley + common vetch mixtures. MsC, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey (in Turkish with English abstract).
  28. Pinar, I. (2007). The effect of different rates of mixture on the yield and some yield characteristics of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.) + barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz.) + barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) mixtures. MsC, Ege University. Izmir, Turkey (in Turkish with English abstract).
  29. Rohweder, D.A., Barnes, R.F. and Jorgensen, N. (1978). Proposed hay grading standards based on laboratory analyses for evaluating quality. J. of Animal Sci. 47:747-759
  30. Sadeghpour, A., Jahanzad, R., Hashemi, M., Esmaeili, A., Stephen, J. and Herbert, M. (2013). Intercropping annual medic (Medicago scutellata L.) with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) may improve total forage and crude protein yield in semi-arid environment. Australian J. of Crop Sci. 7(12):1822-1828.
  31. TSF. (2013). Turkish Statistical Foundation, http://tuikapp.tuik.gov.tr/bitkiselapp/bitkisel.zul, (Accessed December 19, 2013).
  32. TSMS. (2013). Turkish State Meteorological Service, Meteorological District Office of, Record of Climate Data, Adana.
  33. Tuna, C. and Orak, A. (2007). The role of intercropping on yield potential of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.)/ Oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivated in pure stand and mixtures. J. of Agri. and Bio. Sci. 2(2):14-19.
  34. Twidwell, E. K., Johnson, K.D. and Cherney, J.H. (1987). Forage potential of soft red winter wheat–hairy vetch mixtures. Appl. Agric. Res. 2:164-169.
  35. Unal, S., Mutlu, Z. and Firincioglu, H.K. (2011). Performances of some winter Hungarian vetch accessions (Vicia pannonica Crantz.) on the highlands of Turkey. Turkish J. of Field Crops. 16(1):1-8.
  36. Van Soest, P.J. (1963). The use of detergents in the analysis of fibre feeds. II. A rapid method for the determination of fibre and lignin. J. of the Assoc. of Official Analytical Chemists. 46:829-835.
  37. Van Soest, P.J. et al (1967). The use of detergents in the analysis of fibrous feeds. IV. Determination of plant cell wall constituents. J. of the Assoc. of Official Anal. Chemists. 50:50-55.
  38. Yolcu H, Polat, M. and Aksakal, V. (2009). Morphologic, yield and quality parameters of some annual forages as sole crops and intercropping mixtures in dry conditions for livestock. J. of Food, Agri. and Envi. 7(3-4):594-599.
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    volume 37 issue 6 (december 2014) : 590-599,   Doi: 10.5958/0976-0571.2014.00682.1

    INTERCROPPING OF HUNGARIAN VETCH (Vicia pannonica Crantz.) AND BARLEY (Hordeum vulgare L.) UNDER DIFFERENT PLANT VARIETIES AND MIXTURE RATES

    A
    A. Kusvuran*
    M
    M. Kaplan1
    R
    R. I. Nazli2
    1Kizilirmak Vocational High School, Cankiri Karatekin University, Cankiri, Turkey
    Cite article:- Kusvuran* A., Kaplan1 M., Nazli2 I. R. (2025). INTERCROPPING OF HUNGARIAN VETCH (Vicia pannonica Crantz.) AND BARLEY (Hordeum vulgare L.) UNDER DIFFERENT PLANT VARIETIES AND MIXTURE RATES . Legume Research. 37(6): 590-599. doi: 10.5958/0976-0571.2014.00682.1.

    ABSTRACT

    This study was conducted to determine the effects of different varieties  and mixture ratios  on the forage yield and quality of a Hungarian vetch and barley intercropping system at the Middle Kizilirmak Basin of Turkey (40°202 N, 33°582 E, elevation 550 m), during the 2011–2012 and 2012–2013 growing seasons. As per the results averaged over 2 years, the different varieties and mixture ratios had significant effect on the forage yield and quality, and also the interactions for the characters studied were statistically significant. The highest Hungarian vetch rate (37.3%), green herbage (36.3 t ha–1) and crude protein (CP) yields (1510 kg ha–1) were obtained from the mixture of 80% Hungarian vetch (Tarm Beyazi-98) and 20% barley, the highest hay yield (10.5 t ha–1) was obtained from the mixture of 20% Hungarian vetch (Anadolu Pembesi-2002) and 80%barley. In terms of the forage quality parameters, such as crude protein rate (CPR), neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and relative feed value, except for the CPR (16%, in 80% Hungarian vetch (Tarm Beyazi-98)+20% barley combination), the most desirable results were assessed (54.6%, 31.3%, and 110%, respectively) from the mixture of 80% Hungarian vetch (Ege Beyazi-79) and 20% barley. The cultivar Tarm Beyazi-98 showed the highest forage yield among the tested cultivars of Hungarian vetch, while cultivar Ege Beyazi-79 had the highest forage quality. Moreover, despite the forage yield having been increased with the increasing barley seed ratio in the mixture, the forage quality significantly decreased concurrently. From the results of the study, it was concluded that the optimal values, both in yield and quality, were obtained from the 80% Hungarian vetch+20% barley intercropping system.

    REFERENCES

    1. Aksoy, I. and Nursoy, H. (2010). Determination of the varying of vegetation harvested hungarian vetch and wheat mixture on nutrient content, degradation kinetics, in vitro digestibility and relative feed value. J. of Vet. Fac. of Kafkas Uni. 16(6):925-931. (In Turkish with English)
    2. Albayrak, S., Guler M. and Tongel, M.O. (2004). Effects of seed rates on forage production and hay quality of vetch- triticale mixtures. Asian J. of Plant Sci. 3(6):752-756.
    3. Albayrak S, Turk, M. and Yuksel, O. (2011). Effect of row spacing and seeding rate on Hungarian vetch yield and quality. Turkish J. of Field Crops. 16(1):54-58.
    4. Anwar, A., Ansar, M. Nadeem, M. Ahmad, G. Khan S. and Hussain, A. (2010). Performance of non-traditional winter legumes with oats for forage yield under rainfed conditions. J. of Agri. Res. 48(2):171-179.AOAC, (1990). Official Method of Analysis. 15th. edn. Association of Official Analytical Chemist, Washington, DC. USA.
    5. Aydin, N., Mut, Z., Mut H. and Ayan, I. (2010). Effect of autumn and spring sowing dates on hay yield and quality of oat (Avena sativa L.) genotypes. J. of Animal and Vet. Adv. 9(10):1539-1545.
    6. Balabanli, C. and Turk, M. (2006). The effects of harvesting periods in some forage crops mixture on herbage yield and quality. J. of Bio. Sci. 6(2):265-268.
    7. Balabanli, C. (2009). Hungarian Vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz.). Forages. Legumes forages. Edited by Avcioglu, R., R. Hatipoglu and Y. Karadag. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Press, Izmir, Turkey. 2:417-418 (In Turkish).
    8. Bedir, S. (2010). Research on determination of proper seed mixture ratio of Hungarian vetch and barley to be grown under conditions of Karaman. MsC Thesis, Cukurova University, Adana.
    9. Budak, F., Tukel, T. and Hatipoglu, R. (2011). Possibilities of growing vetch (V. pannonica, V.villosa, V. dasycarpa,) and cereal (barley, oat, triticale) mixtures in fallow fields in Eskiºehir Conditions. The J. of Animal and Plant Sci. 21(4):724-729.
    10. Dhima, K.V., Lithourgidis, A.S., Vasilakoglou, I.B. and Dordas, C.A. (2007). Competition indices of common vetch and cereal intercrops in two seeding ratio. Field Crops Res. 100:249-256.
    11. Eskandari, H., Ghanbari, A. and Javanmard, A. (2009). Intercropping of cereals and legumes for forage production. Notulae Botanicae Horti. Agrobotanici Cluj. 1(1):07-13.
    12. Freed, R.D., (1991). MSTAT-C: A Microcomputer Program for the Design, Management and Analysis of Agronomic Research Experiments. East Lansing, MI, USA: Michigan State University.
    13. Giambalvo, D. and Ruisi, P. (2011). Forage production, N uptake, N2 fixation, and N recovery of berseem clover grown in pure stand and in mixture with annual ryegrass under different managements. Plant Soil. 342:379-391.
    14. Gunduz, E.T. (2010). Effects of mixture ratio on hay yield and hay quality of Hungarian vetch+wheat mixture under Diyarbakir conditions. MsC Thesis, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey. (In Turkish with English abstracts)
    15. Gunes, A., (2009). The effects of different sowing times and densities on forage yield and some agronomical characters of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and triticale (Triticosecale Witt.) cultivars mixtures with Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz.) on irrigated conditions. PhD, Selcuk University, Konya (in Turkish with English abstract).
    16. Hauggard-Nielsen, H., Gooding, M., Ambus, P., Corre-Hellou, G., Crozat, Y., Dahlmann, C., Dibet, A., Von Fragstein, P., Pristeri, A., Monti M. and Jensen, E.S. (2009). Pea–barley intercropping for efficient symbiotic N2-fixation, soil N acquisition and use of other nutrients in European organic cropping systems. Field Crops Res. 113:64-71.
    17. Karadag, Y., 2004. Forage yields, seed yields and botanical compositions of some legume-barley mixtures under rainfed condition ýn semi-arid regions of Turkey. Asian J. of Plant Sci., 3:295-299.
    18. Karagic, D., Mihailovic, V., Katic, S., Mikic, A., Milic, D., Vasiljevic S. and Milosevic, B. (2011). Effect of row spacing on seed yield of hairy, common and Hungarian vetches. Romanian Agri. Res. 28:143-150.
    19. Koc, A., Erkovan, S., Erkovan, H.I., Oz, U., Birben, M.M. and Tunc, R. (2013). Competitive effects of plant species under different sowing ratios in some annual cereal and legume mixtures. J. of Animal and Vet. Adv. 12(4):509-520.
    20. Lauk, R. and Lauk, N. (2009). Dual intercropping of common vetch and wheat or oats, effects on yields and inte(rspecific competition. Agron. Res. 7:21–32.
    21. Lithourgidis, A.S, Vasilakoglou, I.B., Dhima, K.V., Dordas, C.A. and Yiakoulaki, M.D. (2006). Forage yield and quality of common vetch mixtures with oat and triticale in two seeding ratios. Field Crops Res. 99:106-113.
    22. Lithourgidis, A.S., Dordas, C.A., Damalas, C.A. and Vlachostergios, D.N. (2011a). Annual intercrops: an alternative pathway for sustainable agriculture. Australian J. of Crop Sci. 5:396–410.
    23. Lithourgidis, A.S., Vlachostergios, D.N., Dordas, C.A. and Damalas, C.A. (2011b). Dry matter yield, nitrogen content, and competition in pea-cereal intercropping systems. Eur. J. Agron., 34:287-294.
    24. Mariotti, M., Masoni, A., Ercoli, L. and Arduini, I. (2009). Above-and below-ground competition between barley, wheat, lupin and vetch in cereal and legume intercropping system. Grass Forage Sci. 64:401-412.
    25. Mohsenabadi, Gh.R., Jahansooz, M.R., Chaichi, M.R., Rahimian Mashhadi, H., Liaghat, A.M. and Savaghebi, Gh.R. (2008). Evaluation of barley–vetch intercrop at different nitrogen rates. J. Agric. Sci. Techn. 10:23–31.
    26. Nadeem, M., Ansar, M., Anwar, A., Hussain, A. and Khan, S. (2010). Performance of winter cereal-legumes fodder mixtures and their pure stand at different growth stages under rainfed conditions of pothowar. J. of Agri. Res. 48(2):181-192.
    27. Orak, A. and Nizam, I. (2012). Determining the Yields of Some Annual Forage Crop Intercropping Suitable for Tekirdag Conditions. Research J. of Agri. Sci.-TABAD. 5(2):5-10. (in Turkish with English abstract)Ozel, A. (2010). Determining the appropriate mixture rations in barley + Hungarian vetch and barley + common vetch mixtures. MsC, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey (in Turkish with English abstract).
    28. Pinar, I. (2007). The effect of different rates of mixture on the yield and some yield characteristics of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.) + barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz.) + barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) mixtures. MsC, Ege University. Izmir, Turkey (in Turkish with English abstract).
    29. Rohweder, D.A., Barnes, R.F. and Jorgensen, N. (1978). Proposed hay grading standards based on laboratory analyses for evaluating quality. J. of Animal Sci. 47:747-759
    30. Sadeghpour, A., Jahanzad, R., Hashemi, M., Esmaeili, A., Stephen, J. and Herbert, M. (2013). Intercropping annual medic (Medicago scutellata L.) with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) may improve total forage and crude protein yield in semi-arid environment. Australian J. of Crop Sci. 7(12):1822-1828.
    31. TSF. (2013). Turkish Statistical Foundation, http://tuikapp.tuik.gov.tr/bitkiselapp/bitkisel.zul, (Accessed December 19, 2013).
    32. TSMS. (2013). Turkish State Meteorological Service, Meteorological District Office of, Record of Climate Data, Adana.
    33. Tuna, C. and Orak, A. (2007). The role of intercropping on yield potential of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.)/ Oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivated in pure stand and mixtures. J. of Agri. and Bio. Sci. 2(2):14-19.
    34. Twidwell, E. K., Johnson, K.D. and Cherney, J.H. (1987). Forage potential of soft red winter wheat–hairy vetch mixtures. Appl. Agric. Res. 2:164-169.
    35. Unal, S., Mutlu, Z. and Firincioglu, H.K. (2011). Performances of some winter Hungarian vetch accessions (Vicia pannonica Crantz.) on the highlands of Turkey. Turkish J. of Field Crops. 16(1):1-8.
    36. Van Soest, P.J. (1963). The use of detergents in the analysis of fibre feeds. II. A rapid method for the determination of fibre and lignin. J. of the Assoc. of Official Analytical Chemists. 46:829-835.
    37. Van Soest, P.J. et al (1967). The use of detergents in the analysis of fibrous feeds. IV. Determination of plant cell wall constituents. J. of the Assoc. of Official Anal. Chemists. 50:50-55.
    38. Yolcu H, Polat, M. and Aksakal, V. (2009). Morphologic, yield and quality parameters of some annual forages as sole crops and intercropping mixtures in dry conditions for livestock. J. of Food, Agri. and Envi. 7(3-4):594-599.
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