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Research Article

volume 52 issue 5 (october 2018) : 576-580,   Doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-5109

Influence of organic manures and bio-dynamic preparations on growth, yield and quality of Khasi Mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) in Mizoram, North-East India

M
Malsawmkimi
T
T.K. Hazarika
1Department of Horticulture, Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Mizoram University, Aizawl-796 004, Mizoram, India.
Cite article:- Malsawmkimi, Hazarika T.K. (2018). Influence of organic manures and bio-dynamic preparations on growth, yield and quality of Khasi Mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) in Mizoram, North-East India. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 52(5): 576-580. doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-5109.

ABSTRACT

An experiment was conducted during 2015-2017 at Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, Mizoram to standardize the organic nutrient management protocol for Khasi mandarin. The experiment was laid out in randomised block design (RBD) with eleven treatments viz T1: Farm yard manure(FYM), T2:Vermicompost(VC), T3 :Pig manure (PIM),  T4: Poultry manure (POM),  T5 : Neem cake (NC), T6:(FYM + CPP+ Bio Dynamic (BD)500 + BD 501),  T7: (VC + CPP + BD 500 + BD 501), T8 : (PIM + CPP + BD 500 + BD 501), T9:(POM + CPP + BD 500 + BD 501), T10 :(NC + CPP + BD 500 + BD 501) and T11 : Control (RDF).The pooled analysis of two year data indicated that  integrated application of  FYM + CPP + BD 500 + BD 501 (T6) resulted in maximum plant height, plant girth, canopy spread and canopy volume. On the other hand, POM + CPP + BD 500 + BD 501 (T9) recorded maximum yield/ha. With respect to quality parameters, T7 (VC + CPP + BD 500 + BD 500) recorded the lowest moisture content during both the years of study as well as in pooled analysis, while, T6 (FYM + CPP + BD 500 + BD 501) recorded highest TSS, Ascorbic acid, TSS: acid ratio and lowest titratable acidity.

REFERENCES

  1. Amarante, C.V.T., Steffens, C. A., Mafra, A.L. and Albuqerque. (2008). Pesq.Agropec. Brasilia 43(3): 333-340.
  2. Anonymous (2017b). Area, production and yield rate of principal horticultural crops in Mizoram. Statistical Handbook, Mizoram. Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Mizoram p 23. 
  3. Anonymous. (2017a). Cropwise area and production of horticultural crops for three years. Horticulture Statistics at a glance. Dept. of Agriculture, Cooperative and Framers welfare. 142 pp. 
  4. AOAC (1989). Official Methods of Analysis,14th edn, pp 22-4 Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington DC, USA.
  5. Brown, J.E., Gilliam, C.H., Shumack, R.L. and Porch, D.W. (1993).Commercial snap bean response to fertilization with broiler litter. J. Hort. Sci. 28 (1): 29-31.
  6. Carpenter, B.L., Reganold, J.P. and Kennedy, A.C. (2000). Effects of biodynamic preparations on compostdevelopment.BiolAgricHort, 17: 313-328
  7. Castle, W. S. (1983). Growth, yield and hardiness of seven years old Bears’ lemon on twenty- seven rootstocks. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticulture Society., 96: 23–25.
  8. Chadha, K.L. (1995). Status report of tropical fruit species in South Asia. In: Arora RK, Ramanatha Rao V (eds) Proceedings expert consultation on tropical fruit specially Asia. MARDI Serdang Kuala Lumpur, IPGRI Office for South Asia, New Delhi, pp 45–60.
  9. Dadashpour, A. and Jouki. M. (2012). Impact of integrated organic nutrient handling on fruit yields and quality of strawberry cv. Kurdistan. Iran Journal of Ornamental and Horticultural Plants, 2 (4): 251-256.
  10. Dudi, O.P., Singh , D.,Dahiya. S.S., Bhatia, S.K. (2003). Impact of various levels of N and FYM on growth parameters of kinnow mandarin.Haryana J. Hort. Sci. 3291-29-31
  11. Freed, M. (1966). Methods of Vitamin Assay. Interscience Publ. Inc.,New York.
  12. Garg, N., Ram, R.A., Pathak, R.K. and Nagar, A. K. (2004). Effects of additions of organic fertilizers on microbial load of papaya and guava orchard soils. In: Organic farming in Horticulture (Pathak, R. K., Kishun, ER., Khan, R. M. and Ram. R. A. (Eds.) Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow.Pp. 275-276.
  13. Govindarajan, K. and Thangaraju, M. (1998). Azospirillum- a potential inoculants for horticultural crops. South Indian Hort., 49: 233-236.
  14. Hazarika, T. K., Nautiyal B. P. and Bhattacharya, R. K. (2014). Economic analysis of tissue cultured banana (Musa x paradisiaca) production under the influence of integrated nutrient management. Indian. J. Agril. Sci., 84: 656–60.
  15. Hazarika, T. K.,Nautiyal, B. P. and Bhattacharya, R. K. (2011). Effect of INM on productivity and soil characteristics of tissue cultured banana cv. Grand Naine in Mizoram, India. Prog. Hort.,43: 30-35.
  16. Hazarika, T.K. (2012). Citrus genetic diversity of north-east India, their distribution, ecogeography and ecobiology. Genet. Resour. Crop Evo., 59:1267–1280.
  17. Hedge, D.M., Sreeenath, P.R., Kaur, K.C., Kumar, M. and Sharma, M.N. (1992). Cropping system research, Annual Report, 1991-92. Project Directorate for Crooping System Research, Medipuram, Meerut.
  18. Jayshree, P. and Annamma, George. (2006). Do biodynamic practices influence yield quality and economics of cultivation of chilli (Capsicum annuumL.) Journal of Tropical Agriculture 44 (1-2): 68-70.
  19. Kaul, M.K., Bhatnagar, P. (2006). Nutritinal studies in kinnow. Indian.J. Arid Hortic. 1(1)23-24. 
  20. Kour, K., Bakshi, P., Singh, S.K., and Kher, R. (2009). Economics of in vitro and ex vitro grown plantlets of Citrus jambhiri. Indian. J. Hort., 66: 305-309.
  21. Lioyd, N. (2005). Using the force the biodynamic way, New Life Journal Find Articles BNET.htm.
  22. Narayanaswamy, T.K., Rajegowda, M.A. Shankar, M.A. and Sreeramulu, K.R. (2006). Effect of different organic manures on growth and yield parameters of M5 and S16 mulbery varieties. Res. Crop.,7: 541-543. 
  23. Peck, G.M., Merwin, I.A. and Watkins, C.B. (2009). Maturity and quality of ‘Liberty’apple fruit under integrated and organic fruit production systems are similar. Hort Science 44(5): 1382-1389.
  24. Rangana, S. (1986). Handbook of Analysis and Quality Control for Fruits and Vegetable products. Tata McGraw Hill Publ. Co. Ltd., New Delhi.
  25. Sharma R.K., Sharma,S.K and Balyan., J.K. (2017). Productivity and profitability of Indian mustard under different organic nutrient management practices in Semi-arid region.Journal of Oilseed Brassica. 8 (1): 89-94
  26. Singh, A. and Singh, J.N. (2009). Effect of biofertilizers and bioregulators on growth, yield and nutrient status of strawberry cv. Sweet Charlie. Indian. J. Hort., 66: 220–4.
  27. Singh, A.K., Singh, S., Appa Rao, V.V., Hiwale, S.S. and Joshi, H.K. (2014). Long term effect of INM on aonla (Emblica officinalis) and soil quality under rainfed hot semi-arid environment. Indian. J. Agril. Sci.84: 585-588.
  28. Singh, S. P.; Choudhary, R. and Mishra, A. K. (2009). Effects of different combinations of organic manures on growth and yield of ginger (Gingiber officinale Rose). Journal of Eco Friendly Agriculture. 4: 22-24.
  29. Somasundaram, E., Sankaran.,N.Meena, S., Thiyagarajan, T.M., Chandaragiri, K. and Panneerselvam, S. (2007). Response of green gram to varied levels of biodynamic compost (organic nutrition) foliar spray.Madras Agric. J., 90: 169-172.
  30. Umar, I., Wali, V. K., Kher, R. and Jamwal, M. (2009). Effect of FYM, urea and Azotobacter on growth, yield and Quality of Strawberry cv. Chandler. Not. Bot. Hort. Agrobot. Cluj., 37: 139-143.
  31. Yadav, R. I., Singh, R. K. Kumar, P. and Singh, A. K. (2012). Effect of nutrient manaagement through organic sources on the productivity of guava (Psidium guajava L.) HortFlora Research Spectrum, 1(2): 158-161.
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Indian Journal of Agricultural Research
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    Research Article

    volume 52 issue 5 (october 2018) : 576-580,   Doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-5109

    Influence of organic manures and bio-dynamic preparations on growth, yield and quality of Khasi Mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) in Mizoram, North-East India

    M
    Malsawmkimi
    T
    T.K. Hazarika
    1Department of Horticulture, Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Mizoram University, Aizawl-796 004, Mizoram, India.
    Cite article:- Malsawmkimi, Hazarika T.K. (2018). Influence of organic manures and bio-dynamic preparations on growth, yield and quality of Khasi Mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) in Mizoram, North-East India. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 52(5): 576-580. doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-5109.

    ABSTRACT

    An experiment was conducted during 2015-2017 at Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, Mizoram to standardize the organic nutrient management protocol for Khasi mandarin. The experiment was laid out in randomised block design (RBD) with eleven treatments viz T1: Farm yard manure(FYM), T2:Vermicompost(VC), T3 :Pig manure (PIM),  T4: Poultry manure (POM),  T5 : Neem cake (NC), T6:(FYM + CPP+ Bio Dynamic (BD)500 + BD 501),  T7: (VC + CPP + BD 500 + BD 501), T8 : (PIM + CPP + BD 500 + BD 501), T9:(POM + CPP + BD 500 + BD 501), T10 :(NC + CPP + BD 500 + BD 501) and T11 : Control (RDF).The pooled analysis of two year data indicated that  integrated application of  FYM + CPP + BD 500 + BD 501 (T6) resulted in maximum plant height, plant girth, canopy spread and canopy volume. On the other hand, POM + CPP + BD 500 + BD 501 (T9) recorded maximum yield/ha. With respect to quality parameters, T7 (VC + CPP + BD 500 + BD 500) recorded the lowest moisture content during both the years of study as well as in pooled analysis, while, T6 (FYM + CPP + BD 500 + BD 501) recorded highest TSS, Ascorbic acid, TSS: acid ratio and lowest titratable acidity.

    REFERENCES

    1. Amarante, C.V.T., Steffens, C. A., Mafra, A.L. and Albuqerque. (2008). Pesq.Agropec. Brasilia 43(3): 333-340.
    2. Anonymous (2017b). Area, production and yield rate of principal horticultural crops in Mizoram. Statistical Handbook, Mizoram. Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Mizoram p 23. 
    3. Anonymous. (2017a). Cropwise area and production of horticultural crops for three years. Horticulture Statistics at a glance. Dept. of Agriculture, Cooperative and Framers welfare. 142 pp. 
    4. AOAC (1989). Official Methods of Analysis,14th edn, pp 22-4 Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington DC, USA.
    5. Brown, J.E., Gilliam, C.H., Shumack, R.L. and Porch, D.W. (1993).Commercial snap bean response to fertilization with broiler litter. J. Hort. Sci. 28 (1): 29-31.
    6. Carpenter, B.L., Reganold, J.P. and Kennedy, A.C. (2000). Effects of biodynamic preparations on compostdevelopment.BiolAgricHort, 17: 313-328
    7. Castle, W. S. (1983). Growth, yield and hardiness of seven years old Bears’ lemon on twenty- seven rootstocks. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticulture Society., 96: 23–25.
    8. Chadha, K.L. (1995). Status report of tropical fruit species in South Asia. In: Arora RK, Ramanatha Rao V (eds) Proceedings expert consultation on tropical fruit specially Asia. MARDI Serdang Kuala Lumpur, IPGRI Office for South Asia, New Delhi, pp 45–60.
    9. Dadashpour, A. and Jouki. M. (2012). Impact of integrated organic nutrient handling on fruit yields and quality of strawberry cv. Kurdistan. Iran Journal of Ornamental and Horticultural Plants, 2 (4): 251-256.
    10. Dudi, O.P., Singh , D.,Dahiya. S.S., Bhatia, S.K. (2003). Impact of various levels of N and FYM on growth parameters of kinnow mandarin.Haryana J. Hort. Sci. 3291-29-31
    11. Freed, M. (1966). Methods of Vitamin Assay. Interscience Publ. Inc.,New York.
    12. Garg, N., Ram, R.A., Pathak, R.K. and Nagar, A. K. (2004). Effects of additions of organic fertilizers on microbial load of papaya and guava orchard soils. In: Organic farming in Horticulture (Pathak, R. K., Kishun, ER., Khan, R. M. and Ram. R. A. (Eds.) Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow.Pp. 275-276.
    13. Govindarajan, K. and Thangaraju, M. (1998). Azospirillum- a potential inoculants for horticultural crops. South Indian Hort., 49: 233-236.
    14. Hazarika, T. K., Nautiyal B. P. and Bhattacharya, R. K. (2014). Economic analysis of tissue cultured banana (Musa x paradisiaca) production under the influence of integrated nutrient management. Indian. J. Agril. Sci., 84: 656–60.
    15. Hazarika, T. K.,Nautiyal, B. P. and Bhattacharya, R. K. (2011). Effect of INM on productivity and soil characteristics of tissue cultured banana cv. Grand Naine in Mizoram, India. Prog. Hort.,43: 30-35.
    16. Hazarika, T.K. (2012). Citrus genetic diversity of north-east India, their distribution, ecogeography and ecobiology. Genet. Resour. Crop Evo., 59:1267–1280.
    17. Hedge, D.M., Sreeenath, P.R., Kaur, K.C., Kumar, M. and Sharma, M.N. (1992). Cropping system research, Annual Report, 1991-92. Project Directorate for Crooping System Research, Medipuram, Meerut.
    18. Jayshree, P. and Annamma, George. (2006). Do biodynamic practices influence yield quality and economics of cultivation of chilli (Capsicum annuumL.) Journal of Tropical Agriculture 44 (1-2): 68-70.
    19. Kaul, M.K., Bhatnagar, P. (2006). Nutritinal studies in kinnow. Indian.J. Arid Hortic. 1(1)23-24. 
    20. Kour, K., Bakshi, P., Singh, S.K., and Kher, R. (2009). Economics of in vitro and ex vitro grown plantlets of Citrus jambhiri. Indian. J. Hort., 66: 305-309.
    21. Lioyd, N. (2005). Using the force the biodynamic way, New Life Journal Find Articles BNET.htm.
    22. Narayanaswamy, T.K., Rajegowda, M.A. Shankar, M.A. and Sreeramulu, K.R. (2006). Effect of different organic manures on growth and yield parameters of M5 and S16 mulbery varieties. Res. Crop.,7: 541-543. 
    23. Peck, G.M., Merwin, I.A. and Watkins, C.B. (2009). Maturity and quality of ‘Liberty’apple fruit under integrated and organic fruit production systems are similar. Hort Science 44(5): 1382-1389.
    24. Rangana, S. (1986). Handbook of Analysis and Quality Control for Fruits and Vegetable products. Tata McGraw Hill Publ. Co. Ltd., New Delhi.
    25. Sharma R.K., Sharma,S.K and Balyan., J.K. (2017). Productivity and profitability of Indian mustard under different organic nutrient management practices in Semi-arid region.Journal of Oilseed Brassica. 8 (1): 89-94
    26. Singh, A. and Singh, J.N. (2009). Effect of biofertilizers and bioregulators on growth, yield and nutrient status of strawberry cv. Sweet Charlie. Indian. J. Hort., 66: 220–4.
    27. Singh, A.K., Singh, S., Appa Rao, V.V., Hiwale, S.S. and Joshi, H.K. (2014). Long term effect of INM on aonla (Emblica officinalis) and soil quality under rainfed hot semi-arid environment. Indian. J. Agril. Sci.84: 585-588.
    28. Singh, S. P.; Choudhary, R. and Mishra, A. K. (2009). Effects of different combinations of organic manures on growth and yield of ginger (Gingiber officinale Rose). Journal of Eco Friendly Agriculture. 4: 22-24.
    29. Somasundaram, E., Sankaran.,N.Meena, S., Thiyagarajan, T.M., Chandaragiri, K. and Panneerselvam, S. (2007). Response of green gram to varied levels of biodynamic compost (organic nutrition) foliar spray.Madras Agric. J., 90: 169-172.
    30. Umar, I., Wali, V. K., Kher, R. and Jamwal, M. (2009). Effect of FYM, urea and Azotobacter on growth, yield and Quality of Strawberry cv. Chandler. Not. Bot. Hort. Agrobot. Cluj., 37: 139-143.
    31. Yadav, R. I., Singh, R. K. Kumar, P. and Singh, A. K. (2012). Effect of nutrient manaagement through organic sources on the productivity of guava (Psidium guajava L.) HortFlora Research Spectrum, 1(2): 158-161.
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