Background: To work out the residual effect of rice residue, FYM and fertilizers on summer moong (Vigna radiate L.) in Rice-potato-summer moong cropping system. 
&nbsp; 
Methods: The present study was carried out at research farm, department of Agronomy, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with two factors. Factor A contains&nbsp; five nutrient management treatments in potato (Rice residue+ 125 % NPK + 25 t ha-1&nbsp;FYM, Rice residue+ 100%&nbsp; NPK + 25 tha-1&nbsp;FYM, Rice residue+ 75 % NPK + 25 tha-1&nbsp;FYM, Rice residue + 125% NPK + 0 tha-1&nbsp;FYM and Without rice residue + 100% NPK+ 50 tha-1&nbsp;FYM) and factor B contains three&nbsp; nitrogen levels in&nbsp; summer moong&nbsp; (0 kg ha-1&nbsp;N, 6.25 kg ha-1&nbsp;N and 12.5 kg ha-1&nbsp;N ). 
&nbsp; 
Result: The plant height, branches, dry matter accumulation, LAI and chlorophyll content index were significantly affected with the treatments applied to preceding potato crop. The application of rice residue+ 125% NPK + 25 tha-1&nbsp;FYM to potato crop resulted significantly higher plant height, branches, dry matter accumulation, LAI and chlorophyll content index of moong crop as compared to rice residue+ 75% NPK + 25 t ha-1&nbsp;FYM and rice residue+ 125% NPK + 0 tha-1&nbsp;FYM while at par to rice residue+ 100% NPK + 25 tha-1&nbsp;FYM and without rice residue + 100 % NPK+ 50 tha-1&nbsp;FYM. The significantly higher biometric parameters were observed with 12.5 kg ha-1&nbsp;N which was significantly higher than the 0 and 6.25 5 kg ha-1 N. The application of rice residue+ 125% NPK + 25 t ha-1&nbsp;FYM to potato crop resulted significantly higher yield and yield attributing characters as compared to rice residue+ 75% NPK + 25 t ha-1&nbsp;FYM and rice residue+ 125% NPK + 0 tha-1&nbsp;FYM while at par to rice residue+ 100% NPK + 25 tha-1&nbsp;FYM and without rice residue + 100% NPK 50 tha-1&nbsp;FYM. The application of higher dose of nitrogen @ 12 kg ha-1&nbsp;also significantly increased the yield and yield attributing characters as compared to lower doses of summer moong. The nutrients uptake ( N,P and K) was also maximum with rice residue+ 125% NPK + 25 t ha-1&nbsp;FYM which was at par to rice residue+ 100% NPK + 25 tha-1&nbsp;FYM and without rice residue + 100% NPK+ 50 tha-1&nbsp;FYM while significantly higher than other treatment. The application of higher dose of nitrogen @ 12 kgha-1&nbsp;in summer moong also significantly increased the nutrient uptake and protein content as compared to lower doses.

Residual Effect of Rice Residue, Fym and Fertilizers on Growth, Yield and Quality of Summer Moong (Vigna radiata L.) in Rice-Potato-Summer Moong Cropping System

Background: Nutrients requirement of crops can easily be met by the application various fertilizers alone but in long run their continuous use deteriorate soil health and may retard the productivity of crops also. Further cost escalation and timely availability of fertilizers and other inputs lead to uneconomic production. Integrated nutrient management (INM) practices including reduced levels of fertilizers with locally available organic sources of plant nutrients, low cost and no cost inputs may be answer to the problems. Very meagre work has been done in past on different aspects on green gram crop. Present study aimed at evaluating and quantify the performance of summer green gram (Vigna radiata L.) crop as affected by seed hydropriming, plant geometry and nutrient applications through fertilizers, FYM, vermicompost and their combinations for maximizing the productivity and economic viability. 
&nbsp; 
Methods: The low cost seed hydropriming, no cost treatments of 2 plant geometries of (i) G1 (30 x 10 cm) and (ii) G2 (30 x 20 cm) and 5 treatments of integrated nutrient management (INM) practices (N) viz; (i) N1 (20+40+20 kg NPK/ha (RDF), (ii) N2 (100% RDF equivalent FYM), (iii) N3(100% RDF equivalent vermicompost) (iv) N4(50% RDF from fertilizer+50% RDF equivalent FYM) and (v) N5 (50% RDF from fertilizer+50% RDF equivalent vermicompost) were evaluated in field experiments using split-split plot design having 3 replications. 
&nbsp; 
Result: The main conclusion is that practices of seed hydropriming and planting geometry of 30 x 10 cm proved superior for realizing maximum productivity and profitability. Integrated application of fertilizer equivalent to 50% of recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) coupled with 50% nutrients through organic sources like farmyard manure and or vermicompost (treatments N4&nbsp;and N5) proved most effective over organic sources alone (FYM and vermicompost through treatments N2&nbsp;and N3) and 100% RDF through fertilizers (N1) for summer green gram cultivation on sustainable basis. The results of the present work will be useful for majority of farmers particularly pulse crops growers to bridge the gap between present level of productivity and potentially realizable productivity of moong bean crop on cost effective and sustainable basis.

Influence of Seed Priming, Plant Geometry and Conjunctive Use of Fertilizers, FYM and Vermicompost on Productivity and Economics of Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.)

Background: The experiment was, conducted during the 2019/2020 cropping season to investigate the yield and quality response of potatoes (variety Belete) to combined fertilization of farmyard manure and NPSB fertilizer in the Gewata district. 
&nbsp; 
Methods: Four levels of FYM (0, 5, 10, 15 t ha-1) NPSB (0, 50, 100, 150 kg ha-1) blended fertilizer, was laid out in a 4&acute;4 factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. 
&nbsp; 
Result: The mixed application of FYM with NPSB blended fertilizer significantly influenced (P&lt;0.01) the tuber weight, marketable, unmarketable, total tuber, starch content and significantly (P&lt;0.05) on specific gravity and nutrient use efficiency. The highest average tuber weight (99.33 g), marketable and total tuber yield (37.62 and 37. 9 t ha-1), specific gravity (1.09 g), starch content (17.83%) and the net benefit of Ethiopian Birr 325849.2 were recorded from the mixed, fertilization of 15t ha-1&nbsp;FYM with 150 kg ha-1&nbsp;NPSB blended fertilizer. Therefore, it can be concluded that the yield and quality of potatoes in the Gewata district, could be improved by mixed use of FYM (15 t ha-1) and NPSB blended fertilizer (150 kg ha-1).

Yield and Quality of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) as Influenced by Combined Application of&nbsp; Fym and Npsb Blended Fertilizer at Gewata District, Southwestern Ethiopia

<div>Background: Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) ranks fourth in terms of worldwide production. The states of Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Bihar and Gujarat accounted for more than 80 per cent share in total production; India ranks second, next to China in global production of potato. Potato crop is extremely sensitive to the deficit or surplus moisture and requires an optimum amount of irrigation at frequent intervals for its proper growth. Phosphorus (P) is an element that is potatoes require in large amounts following Nitrogen and Potassium, P application rates influence on the P efficiency for tuber yield and P uptake. 
 
Methods: In field study, total 36 treatment combinations consisting of three moisture regimes as main plot treatment and 12 combinations of two levels of FYM, three levels of P, carriers as sub-plot treatments evaluated in split plot design with three replications using potato variety Kufri pukhraj as test crop.&nbsp; 
 
Result: Among different moisture regimes tested, the treatment receiving maintenance of moisture between 100 and 75 per cent availability at 0-30 cm soil depth (W1) gave significantly higher plant height (52.24 cm), number of tubers per plant (6.74), total tuber yield (335.74 q/ha) and haulm yield (16.64 q/ha) during pooled results. Combinations of FYM and levels of P carriers tested, the treatment combinations FYM and application of P @ 180 kg P2O5/ha in the form of MAP(P3S1M1) showed significantly higher plant height (50.04 cm), tuber per plant (6.87), total tuber yield (323.98 q/ha) and haulm yield (17.16 q/ha) gave during pooled results.</div>

​Effect of Moisture Regimes, FYM and Levels of Phosphorus Carriers on Growth, Yield Attributes and Yield by Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

<div style="text-align: justify;">The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of zinc enriched Farm Yard Manures (FYM) on zinc deficient loamy sand soil and yield of mungbean[Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek.]. Treatments consisted of 15 combinations of three levels of FYM i.e. F0 (no FYM), F1 (FYM @ 5 t ha-1) and F2 (FYM @ 10 t ha-1) and five treatments of enrichment i.e. Zn enrichment (EnZn1, EnZn2, and EnZn3) at three levels of Zn (2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 kg Zn ha-1) @ 500 kg ha-1 FYM and without enrichment (Zn0 and Zn1) at two levels of Zn (inorganic salts) i.e. 0 kg and 5 kg Zn ha-1, replicated thrice in factorial randomized block design (FRBD)during 2012. The enrichment process was started 50 days before their use in kharif season experiment on mung bean.The average improvement in seed yield of mungbean was 1179 kg ha-1. Zinc-enriched FYM and their straight application produced (10983kgha-1) 31.86 and 22.83% higher grain yield, respectively, relative to control Zn0 (8959kg ha-1).The yield was increased due to enrichment and it was achieved by 9.04 % over straight application of zinc. Zn uptake was recorded significantly higher under the EnZn2 (143.96 g ha-1) which was at par with EnZn3 (148.23 g ha-1) followed by EnZn1 (118.50 g ha-1) all these values are significantly higher than Zn0 (92.02 g ha-1).The average improvement in total uptake of Zn by mungbean was 48.71%higher due to zinc enriched FYM than the straight application of zinc. The application of zinc enriched FYM significantly increased available N, organic carbon andDTPA-extractable Zn with increasing the level of enrichment.The application of zinc enriched FYM had non-significant effect on bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity and moisture retention at 1/3 and 15 bar and CEC than control.Application of 2.5 kg Zn ha-1which wascomparable to enriched with FYM,in terms of higher seed yield of mungbean.</div>

Effect of zinc enriched farm yard manures on yield of mung bean and Physico-Chemical Properties of soil

Oat (Avena sativa L.) is used as a green fodder, straw, hay or silage. A field experiment was carried out during 2008-2009 with the concept of integrated nutrient management at Aurawan Research Centre of CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow. The treatments of the experiments were T1- Control, T2- NPK (80:40:40 kg ha-1), T3- &frac12; NPK (40:20:20 kg ha-1) + FYM (10 t ha-1), T4- &frac12; NPK + FYM (10 t ha-1) + Trichoderma, T5- &frac12; NPK + FYM (10 t ha-1) + PSB and T6- &frac12; NPK + FYM (10 t ha-1) + Trichoderma + PSB with 4 replications in randomized block design (RBD). &nbsp;Results indicated that all the treatment showed significant response over control. Maximum plant height at 120 days (157.7 cm), tillersplant-1 at 90 days (6.4), length of spike (38.7 cm), test weight (28.6 g), grain yield (34.9 q ha-1), straw yield (82.8 q ha-1) were recorded with T2- NPK (80:40:40 kg ha-1) which was significantly higher than all the treatments except T3- &frac12; NPK (40:20:20 kg ha-1) + FYM (10 t ha-1) and T4- &frac12; NPK + FYM (10 t ha-1) + Trichoderma, followed by treatment T6- &frac12; NPK + FYM (10 t ha-1) + Trichoderma + PSB showing the value of plant height at 120 days (154.8 cm), tillers/plant at 90 days (6.3), length of spike (37.6 cm), test weight (28.3 g), grain yield (33.1 q ha-1) and straw yield (81.1 q ha-1). Seed treatment with PSB (T5) also responded significantly over control in all the parameters and remained at par with T2 and T6. However, combined seed treatment with PSB + Trichoderma (T6) was much effective in comparison to single inoculation of Trichoderma or PSB.&nbsp;

Integrated nutrient management in Oat (Avena sativa L.)&nbsp;under reclaimed sodic soil&nbsp;

<div>Background: Now a day&rsquo;s demand for organic food has increased. Being leguminous, requirement of nitrogen for mung is low. Soil organic matter could affect the soil microbial community and increase the crop growth and yield. In mungbean, roots have symbiotic rhizobia bacteria, which help in fixing atmospheric nitrogen into the soil. Nitrogen plays a major role in synthesis of protein, chlorophyll and plant enzymes of legume. The chemical fertilizers is used in huge quantity which hazards the soil and environment. Synthetic fertilizers have mainly macronutrients in large quantities and cemented the soil for worsening the soil and also the negative impact on crops, livestock and human being. The application of organic sources of nutrients improves the soil physical-chemical condition by adding macro and micronutrients both. 
 
Methods: A field experiment in Kharif season was conducted at Agronomy field of CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana, to study the yield, quality and physiological parameters of mungbean under different organic sources. The experiment was conducted with nine treatments viz., T1- RDF, T2-FYM @ 5 t/ha, T3-Vermicompost@ 2.5 t/ha, T4-FYM @ 5t/ha + Rhizobium, T5-Vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha + Rhizobium, T6-Green manuring +FYM @ 5 t/ha, T7- Green manuring + Vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha, T8-Green manuring + FYM @ 5t/ha + Rhizobium and T9-Green manuring + Vermi-compost @ 2.5 t/ha + Rhizobium in RBD replicated thrice. 
 
Result: Application of recommended dose of fertilizer produced 6.93 and 4.04 percent higher yield as compared to green manuring + FYM @ 5t/ha + Rhizobium and green manuring + vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha, respectively. The data revealed that the SPAD value of chlorophyll, RWC and LWP was higher with the application of various organic sources over to recommended dose of fertilizer.&nbsp;</div>

<div>Assessing Mungbean Productivity under Organic Management</div>

<div>Background: Green gram is one of the ancient and third important conventional pulse crop cultivated throughout India and acclimatized over wide range of agro-climatic zones for its multipurpose uses. Furthermore, imbalanced and inappropriate use of inorganic nutrients worsened the soil resource base by reducing the population of beneficial micro-organisms and also deteriorated the quality of the crops. Increased health consciousness among the masses has augmented the demand for safe and quality foods for which a comprehensive food production technology needs to be developed with emphasises on quality enhancement and yield stability. In fact, it is not affordable for an average Indian farmer to jump immediately from inorganic source of nutrients to organics in their crop production as it may lead to unbearable drastic reduction in crop yields in the initial years. This may become possible through the progressive substitution of organic sources of nutrients in place of in organics to meet crop nutrient requirement for attaining higher and stable crop yield of better quality with an improvement in soil health. Therefore, the present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of differential substitution of nutrients through organics on growth, yield, quality, nutrient uptake and economics of green gram in Shiwalik foothill region. 
 
Methods: In this field experiment conducted during summer 2016 and 2017, at SKUAST-Jammu, Main Campus Chatha with green gram variety SML-668 on sandy clay loam soil. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with sixteen treatments during both the years using recommended package and practices. 
 
Result: The result of the study concluded that RDF and 75% NPK +25% N through Vermicompost and FYM (1:1) were adjudged as the best treatments with regard to crop growth parameters, yield and yield attributes, net returns and benefit cost ratio where as highest crop quality traits were realized where in 100% N was substituted through FYM followed by Vermicompost and Vermicompost and FYM (1:1). Treatment 100% N was substituted through FYM was adjudged as the best treatment in improving crop quality traits and soil properties. Further, for substitution of nutrients, green gram, for immediate shifting from in organics to organics combination of Vermicompost and FYM (1:1) can be the best option for early realization of yield at par with recommended dose of fertilizer.</div>

<div>Effect of Differential Substitution of Nutrients through Organics on Growth, Quality, Nutrient Uptake and Economics of Green Gram (Vigna radiata) in Shiwalik Foothill Region</div>

<div style="text-align:justify">A field experiment was conducted at Zonal Agricultural and Horticultural Research Station, Shivamogga for three years, during kharif season of 2013-14, 2014-15 and 2015-16 to study the effect of varied levels of FYM on yield and economics of pulses (viz., black gram, green gram, cowpea and field bean). The pooled yield of three years was significantly higher with FYM application @ 10.0t ha-1 in black gram (743 kg ha-1) and green gram (664 kg ha-1) while it was with 7.5 t ha-1 in field bean (655 kg ha-1) and 5.0 t ha-1 in cowpea (1527 kg ha-1) over no FYM treatment. However, higher net returns of Rs. 13,013, Rs. 10,366, Rs. 40,368 and Rs. 13,856 was noticed with FYM application @ 10.0, 7.5, 5.0 and 2.5 t ha-1 for black gram, field bean, cowpea and green gram, respectively.&nbsp;</div>

<div style="text-align: justify;">Response of pulses to varied levels of farm yard manure&nbsp;</div>

<div>Background: Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) was considered a self-pollinated annual crop that belongs to the family Poaceae. It was well adapted to many soil and climatic conditions. The productivity was low due to the use of poor quality seed, little or no use of fertilizers, traditional methods of cultivation, delay in nursery sowing and late transplanting. The Integrated Nutrient Supply System (INSS) approach involves the combined use of chemical fertilizers, organic manures and micronutrient fertilizers, which ensures higher crop productions and also helps to restore and sustain soil fertility. Therefore, the study was focused to manage the timely transplanting together with the suitable nutrient combination. 
 
Methods: A field experiment was conducted to study the &ldquo;Effect of seedlings age and different nutrient combinations on growth and yield of Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) in lateritic soils of Western Ghats&rdquo; during Kharif, 2016. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with four main plots and five subplot treatments. The main plot treatments composed of four ages of seedlings viz. 20, 30, 40 and 50 days. and five subplot treatments of nutrient combinations viz., 100% RDF, 75% RDF + 25% N through FYM, 50% RDF + 50% N through FYM, 25% RDF + 75% N through FYM and 100% N through FYM. Thus, there were twenty treatment combinations, replicated thrice. 
 
Result: Results revealed that the proso millet crop transplanted with 30 days old seedlings recorded significantly higher grain yield and straw yield over all other treatments. In nutrient combinations treatments, 100% RDF through chemical fertilizer recorded significantly higher mean plant height hill-1, number of functional leaves hill-1, number of functional tillers hill-1 and plant dry matter accumulation hill-1 than the other treatments and also produced significantly highest yields and yield attributing characters compared to the rest of the nutrient combinations.</div>

<div>Effect of Seedlings Age and Nutrient Combinations on Growth and Yield of Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) in Lateritic Soils of Western Ghats</div>

Residual Effect of Rice Residue, Fym and Fertilizers on Growth, Yield and Quality of Summer Moong (Vigna radiata L.) in Rice-Potato-Summer Moong Cropping System

Influence of Seed Priming, Plant Geometry and Conjunctive Use of Fertilizers, FYM and Vermicompost on Productivity and Economics of Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.)

Yield and Quality of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) as Influenced by Combined Application of Fym and Npsb Blended Fertilizer at Gewata District, Southwestern Ethiopia

Effect of Moisture Regimes, FYM and Levels of Phosphorus Carriers on Growth, Yield Attributes and Yield by Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Effect of zinc enriched farm yard manures on yield of mung bean and Physico-Chemical Properties of soil

Integrated nutrient management in Oat (Avena sativa L.) under reclaimed sodic soil

Assessing Mungbean Productivity under Organic Management

Effect of Differential Substitution of Nutrients through Organics on Growth, Quality, Nutrient Uptake and Economics of Green Gram (Vigna radiata) in Shiwalik Foothill Region

Response of pulses to varied levels of farm yard manure

Effect of Seedlings Age and Nutrient Combinations on Growth and Yield of Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) in Lateritic Soils of Western Ghats