Banner

Asian Journal of Dairy and Food Research

  • Chief EditorHarjinder Singh

  • Print ISSN 0971-4456

  • Online ISSN 0976-0563

  • NAAS Rating 5.44

  • SJR 0.176, CiteScore: 0.357

Frequency :
Bi-Monthly (February, April, June, August, October & December)
Indexing Services :
Elsevier (Scopus and Embase), AGRICOLA, Google Scholar, CrossRef, CAB Abstracting Journals, Chemical Abstracts, Indian Science Abstracts, EBSCO Indexing Services, Index Copernicus
Submit

Research Article

Asian Journal of Dairy and Food Research, volume 39 issue 3 (september 2020) : 221-224

Effects of Different Protein and Energy Levels in Mixed Feed on Growth Performance and Reproduction Characteristics of Heifers

Said Bilginturan
1Provincial Directorate of Agriculture and Forestry, Isparta, Turkey.
Cite article:- Bilginturan Said (2020). Effects of Different Protein and Energy Levels in Mixed Feed on Growth Performance and Reproduction Characteristics of Heifers. Asian Journal of Dairy and Food Research. 39(3): 221-224. doi: 10.18805/ajdfr.DR-145.

ABSTRACT

Background: In this study, the effects of different protein and energy levels in mixed feed on growth performance and reproduction characteristics of heifers were investigated. 
Method: The material of the study consisted of 36 Holstein Friesian (black pied) breed cattle at the age of 6 months and average live body weight of 156.65 kg and the experiment was continued for 8 months. During the experiment, four different feeds containing 16% CP - 2500 kcal / kg ME for the 1st group, 16% CP - 2700 kcal / kg ME for the 2nd group, 18% CP - 2500 kcal / kg ME for the 3rd group, 18% HP - 2700 kcal / kg ME for the 4th group were given at 1.5% of the live weight of heifers. (Where CP and ME stand for Crude Protein and Metabolizable Energy, respectively). As roughage, an equal amount of straw and alfalfa hay mixture was given.
Result: As a result of this study, the effects of the different protein levels on live body weight and body measurements (body length-BL, withers height-WH, hip height-HH, hip width-HW, body depth-BD, chest girth-CG) were not found significant (P> 0.05). Similarly, the effects of different energy levels on body weight and body measurements (P> 0.05) and protein X energy interaction in terms of live body weight and size were also not found significant (P> 0.05). Regarding the reproductive properties, the differences between the groups in terms of the effect of different protein and energy levels on the first estrus age were found statistically significant (P <0.05). As a result of the analysis made in terms of heifers age during the first insemination, the difference was found to be statistically significant (P <0.05). The effect of different protein and energy levels on the conception rate in the first insemination was found significant (P <0.05). As a result, it was concluded that affordable mixed feed combinations can be used within the limits of mixed feed combinations containing 2500-2700 kcal / kg ME and 16-18% CP, which were given in the investigation; however, low energy-high protein combinations would give more positive results considering their effects on the reproductive performances and conception rates at first insemination.

REFERENCES

  1. Alaçam, D.A. (1994). Reprodüksiyon Suni Tohumlama Doðum ve Ýnfertilite. Dizgievi, 265-289, Konya.
  2. Alçiçek, A. (2006). Süt Sýðýrlarýnda Beslemenin Üreme Performansýna Etkileri. Ege Tarýmsal Araþtýrma Enstitüsü Yayýnlarý. Yayýn No: 122, 91-101. 
  3. Ata, A., Tekin, N. (2001). Repeat Breeder Ýneklerde GnRH uygulamasý ve döl verimi. Lalahan Hay. Araº. Derg. 41(1): 13-24.
  4. Bal, M.A., Yarar, H., Kamalak, A., Gürbüz, Y. (2003). Süt ve Besi Sýðýrlarýnýn Beslenmesinde Kullanýlan Protein Fraksiyonlarý ve Verim Üzerine Etkileri. GAP III. Tarým Kongresi, 507-511, Þanlýurfa.
  5. Blanchard, T., Ferguson, J., Love, L., Takeda, T., Henderson, B., Hasler, J., Chalupa, W. (1990). Effect of dietary crude-protein type on fertilization and embrio quality in dairy cattle. American J. Vet. Research. 51(6): 905-908.
  6. Butler, W.R. (1998). Reviwe: effect of protein nutrition on ovarian and uterine physiology in dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 81: 2533-2539.
  7. Canfield, R.W., Sniffen, C.J., Butler, W.R., 1990. Effects of excess degradable protein on postlartum reproduction and energy balance in dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 73: 2342-2349.
  8. Carroll, D.J., Barton, B.A., Anderson, G.W., Smith, R.D. (1988). Influence of protein intake and feeding strategy on reproductive performance of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 71: 3470-3481.
  9. Dinç, D.A. (1990). Döl Tutmayan (repeat breeder) Hayvanlar. Theriogenoloji. Nurol Matbaasý, Ankara, 223-224. 
  10. Ferguson, J.D., Chalupa, W. (1989). Impact of protein nutrition on reproduction in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 72: 746-766.
  11. Garcia-Bojalil, C.M., Staples, J.C.R., Thatcher, W.W., Drost, M. (1994). Protein intake and development of ovarian follicles and embryos of super ovulated non-lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 77: 2537-2548.
  12. Hall, J.B. (2006). Feeding replacement heifers. http://www. extension. umn.edu /Beef/components/homestudy/nlesson3.pdf. Eriºim Tarihi: 17.01.2011.
  13. Hall, J.B., Staigmiller, R.B., Short, R.E., Bellows, R.A., MacNeil, M.D., Bellows S.E., 1997. Effect of age and pattern of gain induction of puberty with a progestin in beef heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 75:1606-1611.
  14. Hoffman, P.C., Funk, D.A. (1992). Applied Dynamics of dairy replacement growth and management. J. Dairy Sci. 75: 2504-2516.
  15. Hoffman, P.C. (2007). Innovation in dairy replacement heifer management. http://www.uwex.edu/ces/heifermgmt/documents/papers/innovations.pdf. Eriºim Tarihi: 15.01.2011.
  16. Howard, H.J., Aalseth, E. P., Adams, G.D., Bush, L.J. (1987). Influence of dietary crude protein on dairy cow reproductive performance. J. Dairy Sci. 70: 1563-1573.
  17. Kane, K.K., Hawkins, D.E., Pulsipher, G.D., Denniston, D.J., Krehbiel, C.R., Thomas, M.G., Petersen, M.K., Hallford, D.M., Remmenga, M.D., Roberts, A.J., Keisler, D.H. (2004). Effect of increasing levels of undegradable intake protein on metabolic and endocrine factors in estrous cycle beef heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 82: 283-291.
  18. Lascano, G.J., Zanton, G.I., Suarez-Mena, F.X., Heinrichs, A.J. (2009). Effect of limit feeding high- and low-concentre diets with Saccharomyces cerevisiae on digestibility and on dairy heifer growth and first-lactation performance. J. Dairy Sci. 92: 5100-5110.
  19. Loeffler, S.H., de Vries, M.J., Schukken, Y.H. (1999). The effects of time of disease occurrence, milk yield and body condition n fertility of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 82: 2589-2604.
  20. Marston, T.T., Lusby, K.S., Wettemann, R.P. (1995). Effect of postweaning diet on age and weight at puberty and milk production of heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 73: 63-68.
  21. Özkoca, A. (1966). Karacabey Çifteler Haralarý ile Lalahan Zootekni Araþtýrma Enstitüsünde, Suni Tohumlamada kullanýlan Ýneklerde Gebeliðe Tesir Eden sebepler Üzerine Araþtýrmalar. Lalahan Zoot. Araþt. Enst. Yayýnlarý No:19, Ankara.
  22. Schillo, K.K., Hall, J.B., Hileman, S.M. (1992). Effect of nutrition and season on the onset puberty in the beef heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 70: 3994-4005.
  23. Short, R.E., Bellows, R.A. (1971). Relationships among weight gains, age at puberty and reproductive performance in heifers. J. Dairy Sci. 32: 127-131.
  24. Sinclair, K.D., Kuran, M., Gebbie, F.E., Webb, R., McEvoy, T.G. (2000). Nitrogen metabolism and fertility in cattle: II. Development of oocytes recovered from heifer offered diets differing in their rate of nitrogen release in the Rumen. J. Anim. Sci. 78: 2670-2680.
  25. Vanzant, E.S., Cochran, R.C. (1994). Performance and forage utilization by beef cattle receiving increasing amounts of alfaalfa hay as a supplement to low quality, tallgrassprairie forage. J. Anim. Sci. 72:1059-1067.
Reviewed By

Download Article
In this Article
    Contact us
    Follow us

    Editorial Board

    View all (0)