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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

Short Communication

volume 41 special issue (april 2021) : 237-241,   Doi: 10.18805/ag.D-5172

A Case Study of Multiple Parasitisms in a Calf Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

R
Roshan Babu Adhikari
T
Tirth Raj Ghimire
1Animal Research Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (NAST), Khumaltar, Lalitpur-44700, Nepal.
Cite article:- Adhikari Babu Roshan, Ghimire Raj Tirth (2021). A Case Study of Multiple Parasitisms in a Calf Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Agricultural Science Digest. 41(2021): 237-241. doi: 10.18805/ag.D-5172.

ABSTRACT

Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) parasitism by protozoan and helminth parasites exists as one of the major limiting factors in the buffalo industry, especially in the wellbeing of the calves around the developing countries like Nepal. During a field survey on buffaloes, we encountered a two- and half month ill male calf suffering from various illnesses for 14 days. 
Methods: We collected its stool sample for three days and processed through a direct wet mount, sedimentation, floatation and acid-fast staining techniques and observed via a compound microscope. 
Result: We detected the multiple patterns of infections of GI parasites and even counted the oocysts of coccidia and eggs of nematodes released per gram of the feces and discussed that co-infection was associated with the pathologic consequences. Coprological surveys with appropriate egg/oocyst counting techniques are useful in the treatment and preventive options of GI infections in calves. 

REFERENCES

  1. Abdel-Rahman, M. and El-Ashmawy, W. (2013). Toxocara vitulorum in faeces, serum and milk of buffaloes in Giza Governorate. International Journal of Livestock Research. 3: 89.
  2. Bahrami, S. and Alborzi, A.R. (2013). Prevalence of subclinical coccidiosis in river buffalo calves of southwest of Iran. Acta Parasitologica. 58: 527.
  3. Das, M., Deka, D., Sarmah, A., Sarmah, P. and Islam, S. (2018). Gastrointestinal parasitic infections in cattle and swamp buffalo of Guwahati, Assam, India. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 52: 1732.
  4. Ezenwa, V.O., Etienne, R.S., Luikart, G., Beja-Pereira, A. and Jolles, A.E. (2010). Hidden consequences of living in a wormy world: nematode-induced immune suppression facilitates tuberculosis invasion in African buffalo. The American Naturalist. 176: 613.
  5. Farkas, R., Szeidemann, Z. and Majoros, G. (2007). Studies on coccidiosis of calves in Hungarian dairy farms. Parasitology Research. 101: 113.
  6. Gaddam, M.J. (2005). Epidemiology of coccidiosis in calves and control of coccidiosis using toltazuril at the time of weaning. Master of Philosophy in Veterinary Parasitology. Massey University, New Zealand.
  7. Gasbarre, L.C., Leighton, E.A. and Sonstegard, T. (2001). Role of the bovine immune system and genome in resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes. Veterinary Parasitology. 98: 51.
  8. Ghimire, T.R. and Bhattarai, N. (2019). A survey of gastrointestinal parasites of goats in a goat market in Kathmandu, Nepal. Journal of Parasitic Diseases. 43: 686.
  9. Hassan, N., Randhawa, C.S., Singh, S. and Narang, D. (2017). Chronic diarrhea and therapeutic trial with metronidazole in Balantidium coli infected cattle and buffaloes. International Journal of Livestock Research. 7: 74.
  10. Mabbott, N.A. (2018). The influence of parasite infections on host immunity to co-infection with other pathogens. Frontiers in Immunology. 9: 2579.
  11. Olias, P., Dettwiler, I., Hemphill, A., Deplazes, P., Steiner, A. and Meylan, M. (2018) The significance of cryptosporidiosis for the health of calves in Switzerland. Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde. 160: 363.
  12. Patnaik, M. and Pande, B. (1963). Notes on the helminthic infestations encountered in one month old buffalo calves. Indian Veterinary Journal. 40: 128.
  13. Rast, L., Lee, S., Nampanya, S., Toribio, J.-A. L., Khounsy, S. and Windsor, P.A. (2013). Prevalence and clinical impact of Toxocara vitulorum in cattle and buffalo calves in northern Lao PDR. Tropical Animal Health and Production. 45: 539.
  14. Raut, S., Sahu, R.K. and Mahalik, A. (2016). Toxocara infestation in a suckling buffalo calf: A case report. Scholars Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences. 3: 123.
  15. Regional Dairy Development and Training Team for Asia and Pacific Chiangmai, T., (1993) Parasites in dairy cattle and buffalo. In: Small-scale Dairy Farming Manual 143. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome.
  16. Samal, A., Patra, P. and Maharana, B.R. (2011). Simultaneous infestation of a buffalo calf with Ascaris and Strongyloides: a case study. Veterinary World. 4: 322.
  17. Sharma, S.K. and Joshi, M. (2020). Etio-Epidemiological Studies on Diarrhoea in Cattle and Buffalo Calves. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 54: 1391.
  18. Singh, K., Mishra, S. and Pruthi, A. (2008). Pathology of parasitic infestations in gastrointestinal tract in buffalo calves. Journal of Veterinary Parasitology. 22: 17.
  19. Singh, N. and Juyal, P. (2014). Prevalence of gastro-intestinal parasites in buffalo calves from different agro-climatic zones of Punjab. Journal of Parasitic Diseases. 38: 367.
  20. Soulsby, E.J.L. (2012). Helminths, Arthropods and Protozoa of Domesticated Animals Seventh Edition. New Delhi: Affiliated East-West Press Private Limited.
  21. Swain, K., Routray, A., Sahoo, S. and Ganguly, S. (2019). Cryptosporidium oocyst shedding in buffalo calves in Haryana: A case study. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 53: 275.
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    Short Communication

    volume 41 special issue (april 2021) : 237-241,   Doi: 10.18805/ag.D-5172

    A Case Study of Multiple Parasitisms in a Calf Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

    R
    Roshan Babu Adhikari
    T
    Tirth Raj Ghimire
    1Animal Research Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (NAST), Khumaltar, Lalitpur-44700, Nepal.
    Cite article:- Adhikari Babu Roshan, Ghimire Raj Tirth (2021). A Case Study of Multiple Parasitisms in a Calf Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Agricultural Science Digest. 41(2021): 237-241. doi: 10.18805/ag.D-5172.

    ABSTRACT

    Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) parasitism by protozoan and helminth parasites exists as one of the major limiting factors in the buffalo industry, especially in the wellbeing of the calves around the developing countries like Nepal. During a field survey on buffaloes, we encountered a two- and half month ill male calf suffering from various illnesses for 14 days. 
    Methods: We collected its stool sample for three days and processed through a direct wet mount, sedimentation, floatation and acid-fast staining techniques and observed via a compound microscope. 
    Result: We detected the multiple patterns of infections of GI parasites and even counted the oocysts of coccidia and eggs of nematodes released per gram of the feces and discussed that co-infection was associated with the pathologic consequences. Coprological surveys with appropriate egg/oocyst counting techniques are useful in the treatment and preventive options of GI infections in calves. 

    REFERENCES

    1. Abdel-Rahman, M. and El-Ashmawy, W. (2013). Toxocara vitulorum in faeces, serum and milk of buffaloes in Giza Governorate. International Journal of Livestock Research. 3: 89.
    2. Bahrami, S. and Alborzi, A.R. (2013). Prevalence of subclinical coccidiosis in river buffalo calves of southwest of Iran. Acta Parasitologica. 58: 527.
    3. Das, M., Deka, D., Sarmah, A., Sarmah, P. and Islam, S. (2018). Gastrointestinal parasitic infections in cattle and swamp buffalo of Guwahati, Assam, India. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 52: 1732.
    4. Ezenwa, V.O., Etienne, R.S., Luikart, G., Beja-Pereira, A. and Jolles, A.E. (2010). Hidden consequences of living in a wormy world: nematode-induced immune suppression facilitates tuberculosis invasion in African buffalo. The American Naturalist. 176: 613.
    5. Farkas, R., Szeidemann, Z. and Majoros, G. (2007). Studies on coccidiosis of calves in Hungarian dairy farms. Parasitology Research. 101: 113.
    6. Gaddam, M.J. (2005). Epidemiology of coccidiosis in calves and control of coccidiosis using toltazuril at the time of weaning. Master of Philosophy in Veterinary Parasitology. Massey University, New Zealand.
    7. Gasbarre, L.C., Leighton, E.A. and Sonstegard, T. (2001). Role of the bovine immune system and genome in resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes. Veterinary Parasitology. 98: 51.
    8. Ghimire, T.R. and Bhattarai, N. (2019). A survey of gastrointestinal parasites of goats in a goat market in Kathmandu, Nepal. Journal of Parasitic Diseases. 43: 686.
    9. Hassan, N., Randhawa, C.S., Singh, S. and Narang, D. (2017). Chronic diarrhea and therapeutic trial with metronidazole in Balantidium coli infected cattle and buffaloes. International Journal of Livestock Research. 7: 74.
    10. Mabbott, N.A. (2018). The influence of parasite infections on host immunity to co-infection with other pathogens. Frontiers in Immunology. 9: 2579.
    11. Olias, P., Dettwiler, I., Hemphill, A., Deplazes, P., Steiner, A. and Meylan, M. (2018) The significance of cryptosporidiosis for the health of calves in Switzerland. Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde. 160: 363.
    12. Patnaik, M. and Pande, B. (1963). Notes on the helminthic infestations encountered in one month old buffalo calves. Indian Veterinary Journal. 40: 128.
    13. Rast, L., Lee, S., Nampanya, S., Toribio, J.-A. L., Khounsy, S. and Windsor, P.A. (2013). Prevalence and clinical impact of Toxocara vitulorum in cattle and buffalo calves in northern Lao PDR. Tropical Animal Health and Production. 45: 539.
    14. Raut, S., Sahu, R.K. and Mahalik, A. (2016). Toxocara infestation in a suckling buffalo calf: A case report. Scholars Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences. 3: 123.
    15. Regional Dairy Development and Training Team for Asia and Pacific Chiangmai, T., (1993) Parasites in dairy cattle and buffalo. In: Small-scale Dairy Farming Manual 143. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome.
    16. Samal, A., Patra, P. and Maharana, B.R. (2011). Simultaneous infestation of a buffalo calf with Ascaris and Strongyloides: a case study. Veterinary World. 4: 322.
    17. Sharma, S.K. and Joshi, M. (2020). Etio-Epidemiological Studies on Diarrhoea in Cattle and Buffalo Calves. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 54: 1391.
    18. Singh, K., Mishra, S. and Pruthi, A. (2008). Pathology of parasitic infestations in gastrointestinal tract in buffalo calves. Journal of Veterinary Parasitology. 22: 17.
    19. Singh, N. and Juyal, P. (2014). Prevalence of gastro-intestinal parasites in buffalo calves from different agro-climatic zones of Punjab. Journal of Parasitic Diseases. 38: 367.
    20. Soulsby, E.J.L. (2012). Helminths, Arthropods and Protozoa of Domesticated Animals Seventh Edition. New Delhi: Affiliated East-West Press Private Limited.
    21. Swain, K., Routray, A., Sahoo, S. and Ganguly, S. (2019). Cryptosporidium oocyst shedding in buffalo calves in Haryana: A case study. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 53: 275.
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