<div>Background: Pulses are the major source of protein and is widely used to fulfill protein requirement of the growing population. Perennial pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] is a predominant crop grown in kharif season, also known as Red gram, Arhar or Tur. The present study aimed to correlate yield of C. cajan with growth and soil properties under agroforestry system in Madhya Pradesh. 
 
Methods: An experiment was conducted to assess the yield of Cajanus cajan under agroforestry system at Tropical Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur during the year 2020-2021. In this study Cajanus cajan (Arhar) intercropped with Pterocarpus marsupium (Bijasal) and Psidium guajava (guava) under silvi-horti-agri system. During study period, growth parameters such as height, no. of pods and no. of branches of C. cajan were recorded and soil properties such as Soil pH, EC, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium were also estimated before sowing and at the time of harvesting of agriculture crop. 
 
Result: Study revealed that yield has highly significant positive correlation with an average plant height (0.4735), no. of pods/plant (0.2558) and no. of branches/plant (0.3765), another result shows that yield has highly significant correlation with organic carbon % (0.7966), nitrogen content of soil (0.3049), Potassium (0.3036), Phosphorus (0.6244) and has negative correlation with pH of soil (-0.9336) and EC (-0.8740) at 5% level of significance. Similarly, correlation of yield with soil parameters at the time of harvesting and the results revealed that the yield has positive correlation with organic carbon % (0.5277), nitrogen content of soil (0.1102), Potassium (0.2324), Phosphorus (0.7118) and has negative correlation with pH of soil (-0.4861) and EC (-0.3853) at 5% level of significance.</div>

​Correlation Analysis of Yield with Yield Attributing Characters and Soil Properties of Cajanus cajan (Arhar) in Silvi-horti-agri System

Exploring the relationship among inorganic potassium fractions, yield and soil properties were important to know the best extractant for available K for cauliflower in the light textured soils of Rangareddy district. Surface soils in bulk were collected from thirty locations of Rangareddy district and pot culture experiment was carried out. Inorganic K fractions were analysed to evaluate the relative efficiency of extractants in determining the available K. Here, we have investigated the relationships among the soil properties, between soil properties and K uptake, between soil properties and yield, between K fractions and K uptake, between K fractions and yield. Organic carbon (r = 0.65**), available nitrogen (r = 0.60**) &nbsp;exhibited a significant positive correlation with NH4OAc (1N) extractable K. Available potassium extracted by NH4OAc showed a significant positive correlation with NaBPh4 (0.2 M) extractable K (r = 0.93**), 1M HNO3 (r = 0.55**) and also with citric acid extractable K (r = 0.67**). Among all the extractants 1N NH4OAc extractable K showed higher positive correlation with curd yield (r = 0.975**). &nbsp;It had a significant positive correlation with NaBPh4 (0.2 M) extractable K (r = 0.926**). &nbsp;

Relationship of inorganic potassium fractions to yield of cauliflower&nbsp;(Brassica oleracea var. Botrytis) and soil properties of&nbsp;light textured soils of Rangareddy district

<div>The light texture coastal saline soils are well known for the deficiency of both macro and micronutrients especially zinc, boron, iron and manganese, etc. The zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) plays an important role in improving the growth, yield and quality of sesame. A field experiment was conducted to find out the influence of organics and micronutrients fertilization on the soil properties and yield of sesame in coastal saline soil. The experiment was carried out in a farmer&rsquo;s field at Ponnanthittu coastal village, near Chidambaram Taluk, Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu. The Physico- chemical properties and nutrient status of initial soil were: pH- 8.43, EC- 4.25 dS m-1, organic carbon- 2.30 g kg-1 and DTPA Zn &ndash; 0.70 mg kg-1 and Mn- 0.96 mg kg-1, respectively. &nbsp;The treatments included were T1 -Control (Recommended dose of NPK), T2 &ndash;125% NPK + Composted coirpith (CCP) @ 12.5 t ha-1, T3 -T2 + ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 soil application (SA), T4 -T2 + MnSO4 @ 5 kg ha-1 (SA), T5 -T2 + (ZnSO4 + MnSO4) SA, T6 -T2 + ZnSO4 &nbsp;@ 0.5 % foliar application (FA),T7 -T2 + MnSO4 (FA), T8 -T2 + (ZnSO4 + MnSO4 )FA, T9 -T2 + ZnSO4 &nbsp;(SA) + ZnSO4 (FA), T10-T2 + MnSO4 &nbsp;(SA) + MnSO4 (FA) and T11-T2 + (ZnSO4 &nbsp;+ MnSO4 ) SA + (ZnSO4 + MnSO4 )FA. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications, using sesame variety TMV 7. The results of the study indicated that the combined application of 125 per cent NPK + composted coirpith (CCP) @ 12.5 t ha-1 + ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 + MnSO4 @ 5 kg ha-1 through soil application along with foliar application of ZnSO4 @ 0.5% + MnSO4 twice at 0.5 per cent significantly increased the soil nutrient availability, microbial population, enzyme activity and yield of sesame in coastal sandy soil. This treatment recorded the highest sesame seed yield of 815 kg ha-1 and stalk yield of 1805 kg ha-1 as compared 100% recommended NPK alone 421 and 944 kg ha-1 of seed and stalk yield, respectively.</div>

<div>Influence of Organic Manures and Micronutrients Fertilization on the Soil Properties and Yield of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) in Coastal Saline Soil</div>

<div style="text-align: justify;">The major abiotic stress limiting productivity of pigeon pea includes undulated topography, waterlogging, drought, frost, poor soil fertility. Management techniques of abiotic stresses significantly increased yield, net profit and B:C ratio as compared to farmers practice (FP). Adoption of abiotic stresses resulted in an increase of grain yield by 7.2 to 38.5% over FP. Major technological impact on grain yield compared to FP was in order: broad bed furrow (BBF) sowing method (38.5%) &gt; nutrient management (21.0%) &gt; seed treatment (14.9%) &gt; short duration cultivar (7.3%) &gt; precision land shaping (PLS) method (7.2%). Maximum additional cost on nutrient management was &nbsp;2,360 ha-1 and it was minimum on seed treatment (265 ha-1), whereas saving due to BBF was .1,554 ha-1 and maximum additional net returns were obtained with BBF (30,551 ha-1) and minimum with PLS (4,804 ha-1) compared to FP. Maximum additional energy used was on nutrient management and minimum on seed treatment, whereas energy saved under BBF compared to FP. Higher additional net energy gain was with BBF followed by nutrient management, seed treatment, PLS and short duration cultivar over FP. PLS, BBF, seed treatment and nutrient management significantly increased infiltration rate and available N, P, K, S and Zn but decreased bulk density. Management of abiotic stresses by proper technologies increased pigeon pea production three times compared to average productivity of the country, resulted in increased economic benefits, energy productivity and improved soil physicochemical properties.</div>

On farm abiotic stress management in pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) and its impact on yield, economics and soil properties

<div>Background: Genetic diversity is referred to the diversity present within different genotypes of same species, serves as the most valuable reservoir in providing variability for various traits. This variability would provide a basis for improving the crop in breeding program. The present study aimed to assessment of genetic diversity and selection of superior genotypes for fenugreek breeding. 
 
Methods:&nbsp;In this study, 75 fenugreek genotypes with cultivars (&Ccedil;ift&ccedil;i and G&uuml;rarslan) were used and these genotypes were established in augmented trial design. Each genotype was analyzed for morphological and yield traits and nineteen traits were scored according to the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV). 
 
Result: As a result of the study, PI 568215 and PI 577712 were noted as promising genotypes for seed yield and protein content, respectively. Dendrogram analysis showed that same origin genotypes were found in different main groups. Correlation analysis revealed that 22 positive or negative correlations were found among the examined properties. PCA analysis results were found among the examined properties&nbsp;and total variation was noted as 39.95%.</div>

Performance of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) Genotypes towards Growth, Yield and UPOV Properties

<div>Background: Seed pelleting involves the sticking of target materials on to the surface of seeds. Pelleted seeds make planting of small seeds much easier by altering their shape, size and density. The call out on organic farming explains the requisite of user friendly and ecofriendly technique for seed management practices. The current study aimed to assess the effect of organic manure seed pelleting for enhancing soil properties, nutrient uptake and yield of rice. 
 
Methods: A pot culture experiment was carried out at College of Agriculture, Vellayani during the year 2018-19 to prepare organic manure seed pellets for rice and to evaluate its influence on yield, nutrient uptake and soil nutrient status. Pelleting materials were prepared using various treatment combinations namely, FYM + Azospirillum + Phosphobacteria (T2), vermicompost + Azospirillum + Phosphobacteria (T3), bioslurry flakes + Azospirillum + Phosphobacteria (T4), charcoal powder + Azospirillum + Phosphobacteria (T5), fly ash + Azospirillum + Phosphobacteria (T6), pongamia leaf powder + Azospirillum + Phosphobacteria (T7) and bioslurry + plant extracts + Azospirillum + Pseudomonas (T8: Farmer practice). 
 
Result: The results revealed that the highest grain yield (54.84 g pot-1) and straw yield (66.10 g pot-1) were recorded by T3. With regard to the uptake of nutrients, T3 registered the highest uptake of N, K, Ca, S, Zn, Cu and Si in grain and shoot. P uptake in grain was highest in the treatment T4 while T3 had the maximum P uptake in shoot. Nutrient status of the post-harvest soil was significantly influenced by the treatments.</div>

<div>Organic Manure Seed Pelleting for Enhancing Soil Properties, Nutrient Uptake and Yield of Rice</div>

Background: Enhancing productivity in rain-fed soils is crucial for sustainable agriculture. This study evaluates the potential of two newly synthesized water-absorbing polymers, Aquasource and Van, to improve soil water-physical properties and increase winter wheat yields in rain-fed areas. 
&nbsp; 
Methods: Laboratory and field experiments were conducted from 2021 to 2024. Laboratory experiments assessed the effects of polymer doses on hydraulic conductivity, maximum field moisture and water-holding capacity in soils with different textural compositions. Field experiments examined winter wheat yields in response to different doses of polymers and fertilizers, applied separately and in combination. 
&nbsp; 
Result: Aquasource (100-300 kg ha-1) and Van (1,000-2,000 kg ha-1) increased soil hydraulic conductivity by 20-47%. In light-clay soils, Aquasource (100-150 kg ha-1) and Van (1,000-1,500 kg ha-1) increased maximum field moisture by 8.4-8.6% and 8.0-10.5%, respectively. In heavy and medium loamy soils, the application of 300 kg ha-1&nbsp;of Aquasource and 2,000 kg ha-1&nbsp;of Van improved maximum field moisture by 5.0-6.5%. The optimal polymer doses, without fertilizers, were 50 kg ha-1&nbsp;for Aquasource and 500 kg ha-1&nbsp;for Van, resulting in a 21.5% and 38% increase in wheat yield, respectively. When combined with fertilizers, yields increased by 22.0-48.0%. These findings suggest that these polymers can significantly improve soil properties and enhance crop yields, promoting sustainability in rain-fed regions. 
&nbsp;

Enhancing Soil Water-physical Properties and Winter Wheat Yield in Rain-fed Regions using Aquasource and Van Polymers

The poor infiltration and fine texture of clay soil causes water logging problem and reduces biological activities in soil. &nbsp;In contrast to this, loose particle and higher in filterability in sandy soil results in low water holding capacity and poor nutrient retention. Fly ash, a waste product of thermal power plants, causes environmental pollution and is hazardous to human health. It is produced in plenty; therefore, safe disposal is very difficult. Fly ash may be used as amendment to improve soil properties and plant growth in such soils. The addition of 20% fly ash in clayey soil and up to 30% in sandy soils improved the germination, tillering, plant height, biological and grain yield of wheat. The addition of fly-ash has also shown improvement in the soil properties viz. texture, structure and bulk density. Permeability of clay loam soil increased from 0.54cm/hr to 2.14cm/hr by the addition of 50% fly ash whereas it decreased from 23.80 cm/hr to 9.67 cm/hr in sandy soil by 50% fly-ash addition. Water holding capacity of sandy soil also increased from 0.38 cm/cm to 0.53 cm/cm at 50% level.

Role of fly ash in improving soil physical properties and&nbsp;yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of potassium humate and rice husk biochar on cherry tomatoes&rsquo; key soil chemical properties, yield and quality parameters.&nbsp; 
 
Methods: The experiment was conducted in the Can Tho University Department of Soil Science&rsquo;s greenhouse. Experimental soil is alluvial soil collected in Tra On, Vinh Long. Two seasons (Summer-Autumn 2020 and Autumn-Winter 2020) were used for the experiment. The experiment design was completely randomized (CRD), with two factors: 9 treatments (corresponding to 9 fertilizer formulas), 4 replications and 4 plants each. Factor A (FA) is 3 levels of biochar rice husk application: 0 tons/ha (B0), 2.5 tons/ha (B1) and 5 tons/ha (B2). Factor B (FB) is 3 levels of potassium humate: 0 kg/ha (K0), 50 kg/ha (K1) and 100 kg/ha (K2). The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Department of Soil Science, Can Tho University, using alluvial soil collected from Tra On, Vinh Long. The study spanned two growing seasons (Summer-Autumn 2020 and Autumn-Winter 2020). A completely randomized design (CRD) was employed with two factors and four replications. Factor A comprised three levels of rice husk biochar application: 0 tons/ha (B0), 2.5 tons/ha (B1) and 5 tons/ha (B2). Factor B consisted of three levels of potassium humate: 0 kg/ha (K0), 50 kg/ha (K1) and 100 kg/ha (K2), resulting in nine treatment combinations. Each replication contained four plants. 
 
Result: The experimental results showed that adding rice husk biochar and potassium humate improved soil P. Compared to the control (no biochar, no potassium humate), they significantly and statistically enhanced the amount of accessible nutrients (N, P and K) in the soil. The number of fruits/plants, fruit diameter, fruit yield, and percentage of Brix all significantly increased when cherry tomatoes were continuously monitored for growth, yield, and quality during both growing seasons while being treated with biochar husk and potassium humate. These results were statistically different from those of the control. The analysis of nitrate in tomato fruit showed that the nitrate of fruit was 23.45-24.94 (mg NO3-/kg fresh fruit), not exceeding the allowable threshold of 150 (mg NO3-/kg fresh fruit), and applying rice husk biochar and potassium humate significantly improved soil chemical properties compared to the control treatment. Notably, the soil&rsquo;s availability of essential nutrients (N, P and K) was enhanced. Treatments with biochar and potassium humate throughout both growing seasons resulted in statistically significant improvements in various plant parameters, including fruit number per plant, diameter, total yield, and Brix content compared to the control. Fruit nitrate content ranged from 23.45 to 24.94 mg NO3-/kg fresh weight, remaining well below the regulatory threshold of 150 mg NO3-/kg fresh weight.

Effect of Rice Husk Biochar and Potassium Humate on the Change of Soil Chemical Properties, Yield and Quality of Cherry Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

<div>Background: Maize is one of the best cereal crop as it is also known as &ldquo;Queen of cereals&rdquo; by giving good taste, having more hybrid varieties, good production and price also. But to make maize best cereal well fertile and neutral soil is important. In the several previous years tthere was good soil, plant and environment relationship but due to passing the time soil health was deteriorated by using the more amount of inorganic fertilizers (beyond the limit). The insect pest attack was also increased due to uses of more amount of fertilizers. Soil becomes topic in nature and most of the inorganic chemical leached down and mixed with the water table. 
 
Material: The two year field experiment was conducted at experimental farm at Lovely Professional University Phagwara Punjab during the kharif season 2019- 2020 to study the influence of integrated use of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers on physio-chemical properties of soil and yield of kharif maize in coarse loamy Typic Haplustept soil with 8 treatments treatments T1- Control, T2 - RDF (125:60:30) kg ha-1, T3- RDF +10 ton farmyard manure ha-1, T4- 75% RDF + 10 ton farm yard manure ha-1+ Vermicompost @2 ton/ha, T5-75% RDF +10 ton farmyard manure ha-1, T6- 50% RDF +10 ton farm yard manure + vermicompost@2 ton ha-1 + azotobacter ha-1, T7-50% RDF +15 ton of farmyard manure +azotobacter ha-1, T8-25 % RDF + azotobacter + vermicompost@ 2 ton ha-1 in RBD design with 3 replications. 
 
Result: The soil pH was found highest in T2 (RDF (125:60:30) kg ha-1) (7.8) whereas highest EC was found in T6 (50% RDF +10 ton farm yard manure + vermicompost@2 ton ha-1 + azotobacter ha-1) (0.27 dsm-1). The highest bulk density found under T1 (Control) ( 2.02 gcm-3) and porosity was highest in T8 (25 % RDF + azotobacter + vermicompost@ 2 ton ha-1) (37.96%). In T6 (50% RDF +10 ton farm yard manure + vermicompost@2 ton ha-1 + azotobacter ha-1), the highest amount of Nitrogen (412.3 kgh-1), phosphorus (67.77 kgh-1), potassium (884.3 kgh-1) and organic carbon (0.567%) was found. In terms of yield parameters, the grain yield (4223 kgh-1), straw yield (6266 kgh-1), harvest index (41.53%) and 1000- seed weight (366.86gms) was found highest in T6 ((50% RDF +10 ton farm yard manure + vermicompost@2 ton ha-1 + azotobacter ha-1). There are significant difference in all the treatements with respect to the physio-chemical properties of soil and yield paramters of maize.</div>

Influence of Integrated Use of Organic Manures and Inorganic Fertilizers on Physio-chemical Properties of Soil and Yield of Kharif Maize in Coarse Loamy Typic Haplustept Soil

Correlation Analysis of Yield with Yield Attributing Characters and Soil Properties of Cajanus cajan (Arhar) in Silvi-horti-agri System

Relationship of inorganic potassium fractions to yield of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. Botrytis) and soil properties of light textured soils of Rangareddy district

Influence of Organic Manures and Micronutrients Fertilization on the Soil Properties and Yield of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) in Coastal Saline Soil

On farm abiotic stress management in pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) and its impact on yield, economics and soil properties

Performance of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) Genotypes towards Growth, Yield and UPOV Properties

Organic Manure Seed Pelleting for Enhancing Soil Properties, Nutrient Uptake and Yield of Rice

Enhancing Soil Water-physical Properties and Winter Wheat Yield in Rain-fed Regions using Aquasource and Van Polymers

Role of fly ash in improving soil physical properties and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Effect of Rice Husk Biochar and Potassium Humate on the Change of Soil Chemical Properties, Yield and Quality of Cherry Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

Influence of Integrated Use of Organic Manures and Inorganic Fertilizers on Physio-chemical Properties of Soil and Yield of Kharif Maize in Coarse Loamy Typic Haplustept Soil