<div style="text-align: justify;">This study investigates the effects of hydrolyzed yeast mixture (HYM) and an organic acid blend (OAB) supplementation individually and in combination on growth performance and tibia bone characteristics of broilers. A total number of 128 one day- old chicks were divided into four different groups with each group having 4 replicates in a trial of 35 days. The first group was kept as control whereas, the second and third groups were given HYM and OAB respectively. The fourth group (HYM+OAB) was given combination of HYM and OAB. At the end of trial, two birds from each replicate were slaughtered for analysis. Results revealed that feed conversion ratio and live body weight were significantly higher in HYM+OAB compared to other groups. Tibial bone analysis revealed that robusticity and tibiotarsal indices were significantly better for HYM+OAB. It is concluded that compared to individual, combined supplementation of HYM and OAB is more beneficial in broilers.</div>

<div style="text-align: justify;">Combined supplementation of organic acid blend and hydrolyzed yeast mixture increases growth performance and tibia bone strength in broilers</div>

<div>Ultrasonography is a useful non-invasive technique to measure the foetal growth, age and viability in goats. The maternal and foetal parameters such as uterine lumen diameter, placentome size, crown rump length, biparietal diameter, foetal orbit length, trunk diameter, occipito-snout diameter, thoracic diameter, long and short axis of heart, diameter of aorta, umbilical cord diameter, humerus, femoral and tibial length were studied in different breeds of goats to assess the foetal development. Doppler ultrasonic technique has been used to monitor the uterine and umbilical arterial blood flow in pregnant animals. However, there is a scarcity of data on the haemodynamic indices and blood flow velocity of the uterine artery during pregnancy to determine the normal physiological or pathological states. These parameters could serve as valuable determinants for the normal intrauterine foetal development and thus differentiates from gestational pathologies in goats. This review highlights the pivotal role of ultrasonography and Doppler techniques in advancing our understanding of foetal growth and maternal hemodynamics in goats.</div>


Combined supplementation of organic acid blend and hydrolyzed yeast mixture increases growth performance and tibia bone strength in broilers

Sonographic Assessment of Foetal Growth Indices and Haemodynamics at Different Stages of Gestation in Goats: A Review