<div>Background: Mammaliicoccus sciuri is a multidrug resistant human pathogen. Literature on its role causing bovine mastitis is scarce. Detection of M. sciuri from a cow with clinical mastitis in Malkangiri district of Odisha stimulated to ascertain its status in a larger population and to study its characteristics in genotypic and phenotypic levels.&nbsp; 
 
Methods:&nbsp;520 lactating cows from various herds of Malkangiri district of Odisha, India were screened for presence of clinical mastitis. Milk samples were collected aseptically from 15 cows with clinical mastitis. 16S rRNA amplification was performed to know presence of bacterial pathogen (s). Conventional PCR was carried out to detect resistance genes against &beta;-lactam (blaZ), aminoglycoside (aacA-aphD) and tetracycline (tetK, tetM). In vitro sensitivity test was studied against M. sciuri isolates using nine antibiotic discs. Phylogenetic analysis was performed to compare its origin.&nbsp; 
 
Result: M. sciuri was isolated in 6 (40.0%) mastitis positive milk samples. In vitro antibiotic sensitivity test against M. sciuri isolates showed highest degree of resistant to penicillin (100%) followed by, cefoperazone (33.3%), streptomycin (33.3%), tetracycline (16.0%). One isolate of M. sciuri had tetK, tetM resistance gene. Phylogenetic analysis showed (75-100%) similarity with other isolates obtained from GeneBank. Present study highlights tetK gene in M. sciuri.&nbsp;</div>

Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization of Mammaliicoccus sciuri - A MDR Strain causing Clinical Mastitis in Cows of Odisha, India

<div>Background: Mycoplasma bovis (Gram-positive bacteria) belongs the class Mollicutes&nbsp;and to the family Mycoplasmataceae (<a href="#maunsell_2009">Maunsell and Donovan, 2009)</a>. It is a cell wall-less bacterium and are instead enveloped by a complex plasma membrane. In cattle, M. bovis is widely known causes various diseases, such respiratory disease, mastitis, arthritis and otitis. 
 
Methods: The present study was aimed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility and identify the genes for antimicrobial resistance of Mycoplasma bovis PG45, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. M. bovis PG45, S. aureus and E.coli were subjected to test for their sensitivity to various clinically important antibiotics (Cefotaxime, Cefuroxime, Cefaclor Cefalexin, Ofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Nalidixic acid, Amikacin, Ampicillin, Oxacilin, Amoxyclav, Rifampicin, Penicillin G and Tylosin). The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each antimicrobial agent was determined by applying an agar dilution method. Polymerase Chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify specific DNA fragments and thus to determine the presence or absence of a target gene (VspA, tet k and tetA).&nbsp; 
 
Result: Showed the MIC values and the presence of VspA, tetK and tetA in M. bovis PG45, S. aureus and E. coli respectively.</div>

<div>Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Detection of Genes for Antimicrobial Resistance of Mycoplasma bovis, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli</div>