Background: White-brined cheese is widely consumed and produced in the Mediterranean countries and Jordan. Traditionally, white-brined cheese produced from sheep&rsquo;s milk. The study aimed to examine the effect of storage duration and mixing different milk proportions and combinations of sheep&rsquo;s and goats milk on cheese yieldand texture profile of white-brined cheese.&nbsp; 
 
Methods: Jordanian WBC which is made by mixing different proportions from sheep&rsquo;s and goat&rsquo;s milk types then boiled for 15 min. Some characteristics such as texture profile&nbsp; and cheese yields were measured and evaluated. after storage for 12 months at room temperature.&nbsp;&nbsp; 
 
Result: WBC made from sheep&rsquo;s milk or from mixtures of sheep&rsquo;s and goat&rsquo;s showed an increase in cheese yield by 11.07% and 5.59% for sheep&rsquo;s and sheep&rsquo;s \milk mixtures, respectively. The addition of goat&rsquo;s milk in a percentage &gt;25% to sheep&rsquo;s milk decreases cheese hardness and gumminess while adding goat&rsquo;s milk in a percentage of 25% causes a significant increase in cheese hardness, cohesiveness and gumminess. The increase in hardness for treatment 5 to 4801.2&plusmn;1463 gf compared with the control treatment 1 of 4111.4&plusmn;1401 gf. Storage of WBC increased hardness significantly (p&lt;0.05) after 12 months by 47.2% of WBC made from sheep&rsquo;s milk. The texture profile and cheese quality characteristics of White brined cheese are influenced by storage time and milk types.

Textural Profile Characterizations of White Brined Cheese Manufactured from Sheep&rsquo;s, Goat&rsquo;s or Combination Milk Mixtures

<div>Background: Foley&rsquo;s catheters are widely used for treating obstructive urolithiasis and are often associated with high rate of urinary tract infections. The urinary catheters act as a platform for colonization and biofilm formation by pathogens, leads to increasing the risk of catheter associated bacterial infections.&nbsp; 
 
Methods: The present study was aimed to address the antimicrobial activity and biofilm inhibition effect of silver Foley&rsquo;s catheter in male buffalo calves suffering from obstructive urolithiasis. The study was conducted on twelve male buffalo calves suffering from obstructive urolithiasis, randomly divided into two groups irrespective of their age viz., group I (latex Foley&rsquo;s catheter treatment) and group II (silver hydrogel coated Foley&rsquo;s catheter treatment). Cultural examination and antibiotic sensitivity of cultured bacteria from the urine passed through fixed urinary catheter was performed at 0th, 7th, 14th and 28th postoperative days in both the groups.&nbsp; 
 
Result: There was significant reduction in growth of bacteria like Streptococcus, Staphylococcus and E. coli bacterial colony formation on blood agar and MacConkey lactose agar, respectively in silver catheter group as compare to latex catheter group from day 0 to day 28th. The zone of inhibition was more pronounced for both antibiotics viz., Cefotaxime and Ceftriaxone (upto 24 mm) in urine samples collected from silver hydrogel coated Foley&rsquo;s catheter as compared to latex Foley&rsquo;s catheter indicating its biofilm inhibition effect on bacteria. Silver-hydrogel Foley&rsquo;s Catheter are more cost-effective as compare to latex Foley&rsquo;s catheter.</div>

Efficacy of Silver Coated Foley&rsquo;s Catheter in Comparison with Latex Foley&rsquo;s Catheter for Prevention of Antimicrobial Resistance and Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections in Obstructive Urolithiasis of Male Buffalo Calves

Background-Bacterial leaf blight (BB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is one of the most destructive diseases affecting rice production worldwide. Resistance breeding is considered a durable, effective, and eco-friendly approach to control BB. Several BB resistance (R) genes have been identified that confer resistance against various strains of Xoo. The dynamic nature of this pathogen needs proper knowledge of pathotype composition and its virulence among the diverse Xoo strains which is imperative for designing a resistance breeding program.

Methods-In this study, we conducted an extensive survey to collect BB infected samples from diverse rice-growing regions of Tamil Nadu. Further, the samples were identified as Xoo through morphological and molecular identification methods. The pathotyping and virulence profiling of Xoo isolates was carried out on a set of rice differentials consisting of 22 near-isogenic lines (NILs) of IR24 possessing different BB resistance genes under glasshouse conditions during Kharif 2021-2022.

Results-Based on the disease reaction in 22 rice BB differentials (IRBB lines), the Xoo isolates were grouped into six pathotypes (I II, III, IV, V, and VI). Further, the virulence analysis revealed that the near-isogenic lines possessing single R gene and gene pyramids were susceptible to about 20-88% and 4-20% respectively to Xoo isolates. R genes and their pyramids such as (Xa7, Xa21, Xa4+xa5+Xa21, Xa4+xa5+xa13 Xa4+xa13+Xa21, xa5+xa13+Xa21, and Xa4+Xa21+xa5+Xa21) were found to be effective against all the pathotypes in Tamil Nadu. The pathotype III was predominantly distributed (40%) over the Tamil Nadu. The isolates found in the pathotypes I and II are more virulent and in the pathotypes V, VI are less virulent.&nbsp; The current study identified the virulence nature of diverse Xoo isolates and the effectiveness of resistance (R) genes against the Xoo isolates. Therefore, the effective R genes identified in this study could be an effective source for resistance breeding program against BB in Tamil Nadu.

Pathotyping and Virulence Analysis of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Causing Bacterial Blight of Rice in Tamil Nadu

<div>Background: A number of storage pests viz., Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius (L.) and Khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium (Evert.) damage stored wheat. However, S. oryzae is considered a primary pest of stored wheat and has been reported to prefer soft textured wheat cultivars. 
 
Methods: The grains of three bread (soft textured) viz., HD2967, PDW314, PBW658 and three durum wheat (hard textured) cultivars viz., WHD943, PBW621, PDW291 were screened for feeding response by rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L. in the laboratory. Each cultivar seed was properly cleaned and disinfested before its use. A 100g seed sample of each cultivar was taken into the plastic jars. Of the pure culture, ten 1-2 week young one insects (1:1 sex ratio) were released into the jars each containing different cultivar grains. The jars were covered with white muslin as three separate storage sets, i.e., 30, 60 and 90 days after storage to record data observations.&nbsp; 
 
Result: Durum wheat cultivars being low in protein contents were comparatively less preferred for pest feeding and cultivar PDW291 was found highly resistant based on low insect emergence, grain damage and weight loss. The bread wheat cultivars due to high protein contents were highly preferred by the pest and cultivar HD2967 showed maximum preference. The biochemical properties like ash contents and crude fibres showed positive while crude fats and protein a negative correlation with the pest infestation.&nbsp;</div>

<div>Deterioration of Grain Quality of Wheat by Rice Weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) during Storage</div>

<div style="text-align:justify">Background: Studying the growth and developmental mechanisms of steppe (Brandt&rsquo;s) voles is important for biological control and protection of steppe ecology. In this paper, preliminary biological experiments&rsquo; data showed that the mortality of Brandt&rsquo;s vole increased after retinoic acid treatment. 
 
Methods: LPH inhibitor, retinoic acid, quercetin and DMSO (Standard treatment concentration 10 mg/ml) were given them through oral with the help of Animal oral gavage feeding needles. The hind legs muscles of surviving Brandt&rsquo;s voles were collected for transcriptomic analysis. 
 
Result: A total of 4047 and 2251 up- and down-regulated transcripts, respectively, were observed upon retinoic acid treatment compared to the DMSO (control) treatment. Transcriptomic changes were enriched significantly in 31 KEGG pathways, most of which were involved in sugar metabolism, particularly for fructose and mannose (ko00051), protein digestion and absorption (ko04974), phenylalanine metabolism (ko00360), tyrosine metabolism (ko00350) and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway (ko04151), which is related to growth and development. A total of 114 differentially expressed genes were screened as candidate genes according to the enrichment results, including c-Jun N-terminal kinase and tubulin epsilon chain verified by RT-PCR. Ultimately, we proposed a preliminary regulatory molecular mechanism of retinoic acid relevant to mouse development and death.</div>

Transcriptome Analysis of the Regulation of Retinoic Acid on the Growth and Development of Brandt&rsquo;s Vole

<div>Background: Rice (Oryza sativa L.) gets affected by more than seventy diseases by the infection of bacteria, fungi and viruses. Among, bacterial leaf blight (BLB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae (Xoo) is the important disease around the rice cultivated areas and causing drastic yield losses ranging between 20 and 30 per cent. Among very few options for increasing yield potential in rice, genetic diversity among the genotypes plays an important role in selection of parents having wider variability for disease resistance.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 
 
Methods: The rice genotypes were screened using PDI for bacterial leaf blight (BLB) and subjected to D2 analysis for nine quantitative traits viz., plant height, number of productive tillers per plant, panicle length, days to fifty per cent flowering, number of grains per panicle, thousand grain weight, grain length, grain breadth and single plant yield.&nbsp; 
 
Result: On the basis of Mahalanobis D2 statistics, the thirty five genotypes are grouped into VIII clusters. The highest intra cluster distance was recorded for cluster II (41.16) followed by cluster VI (37.73). Out of thirty five genotypes screened under field condition using percentage disease index (PDI), CR 1009 found to be resistant with the lowest PDI value of 9.67 per cent. The genotypes Karsamba, TPS 4 and Kaivara samba registered highest PDI value of 70.67, 67.22 and 66.67 respectively. The BLB resistance in genotype dependent and not cluster based. The resistant genotype CR 1009 under field screening was positioned in VI cluster. The cluster II had susceptible genotypes karsamba and kaivarasamba. Thus, the identified genotypes can be utilized in recombination breeding to provide BLB resistance segregants.</div>

​​Genetic Diversity Analysis for Bacterial Leaf Blight Disease Resistance in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

The study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the pocket technique for the treatment of prolapsed third eyelid gland in dogs. In 14 cases of protruded third eyelid gland, Morgan&rsquo;s pocket technique was used. Duration of protrusion ranged from 7 days to 6 months. The affected dogs were of 6 months to 2 years. In four dogs the cherry eye was bilateral. Nine dogs were male and 5 were female. Eighteen protruded third eyelid glands were surgically treated with success in 15 eyes. Pocket technique was successfully used for repositioning of prolapsed gland of the third eyelid in dogs.

Morgan&rsquo;s pocket technique for the surgical management of cherry&nbsp;eye in dogs: A report of 14 cases

<div style="text-align: justify;">An experiment was carried out at the Entomology Laboratory, Horticultural College and Research Institute for Women, Trichy in November- December 2013 to study the biology and development of Sitophilus oryzae L. under laboratory conditions. Observations were made on oviposition rate, total number of eggs, adult emergence per 100 grains, egg to adult survival percentage, adult longevity, adult emergence period and reproductive potential. The oviposition rate per female (9.43 nos), total number of eggs (94.30 nos), adult emergence per 100 grains (38.50 nos), &nbsp;reproductive potential (35.50 nos), egg to adult survival percentage (41.85), adult female longevity (12.88 weeks) and adult male longevity (8.33 weeks) were higher in redgram under room temperature condition feeding by the respective population as compared to controlled condition. In case of sorghum, all the above parameters were superior to redgram feeding by the respective population under room and controlled temperature condition. The larval (26.13 days), pupal (7.63 days) and adult emergence period (33.75 days) was maximum in lentil under room temperature as compared to controlled condition. In case of sorghum, larval, pupal and adult emergence period was minimum when compared to split pulses feeding by the respective population irrespective of temperature and humidity.</div>

Biology and development of Sitophilus oryzae L. feeding on split pulses

<div>Background: Mastitis is mostly caused by mixed infections, of which S. aureus and E. coli are amongst the most important bacteria. Detection of resistant strains of these bacteria is a major public health concern due to the possibility of infection via contaminated milk and milk products intended for human consumption. This study describes simultaneous occurance of methicillin-resistant&nbsp;S. aureus and extended spectrum &beta;-lactamase producing E. coli in mastitic milk samples of buffaloes in Jabalpur, India.&nbsp; 
 
Methods: A total of 408 buffaloes milk samples were screened for mastitis by California mastitis test (CMT) test. A total of 102 mastitic milk samples were collected for isolation of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Eschirichia coli (E. coli). Polymerase chain reaction was performed for molecular characterization of methicillin resistant S. aureus for mecA gene and ESBL producing E. coli for bla&nbsp;TEM gene, respectively. 
 
Result: On the basis of cultural and biochemical characteristics, 31/102 samples yielded&nbsp;S. aureus and 10/102 samples yielded E. coli. Out of 31 S. aureus isolates, mecA gene was positive in 05 (16.1%) and out of 10 ESBL producing E. coli isolates bla TEM was positive in 02 (20%) isolates. Coexpression of bla&nbsp;TEM and mecA genes was recorded only in 01 (10%) isolate.</div>

Coexpression of Methicillin-resistant S. aureus and ESBL Producing E. coli in Mastitic Milk of Buffaloes

<div>Background: Briquettes is more efficient than conventionally applied nutrients as it reduce the loss of nutrients by obtaining higher yield and decreased the expenditure cost of fertilizers. Indian soils are 49 per cent deficient in zinc which is characterized by widespread Zn deficiency in human beings. 
 
Methods: Three different zinc fortified briquettes viz., UB-DAP, UB-suphala and UB-KAB were tested in field experiments during kharif season of 2016-19 to compare and calculate variations in yield, yield attributing characters and nutrients uptake by rice (Oryza sativa L.). 
 
Result: The results showed that treatment UB-KAB fortified with 10 kg ZnSO4.7H2O ha-1 (T8) registered higher growth, yield parameters and Zn concentration in grain indicating zinc-sulfate-heptahydrate (ZSHH) offers vital solution to curtail Zn malnutrition. Further, UB-KAB fortified through ZSHH (T8) significantly enhanced the grain (55.2 q ha-1) and straw (63.6 q ha-1) yield of rice over RDF and absolute control.&nbsp;Application of UB-KAB fortified with 10 kg ZnSO4.7H2O ha-1 (T8) significantly increased nutrient uptake of N (97.2 kg ha-1), P (20.2 kg ha-1), K (95.5 kg ha-1), Zn (262.4 g ha-1) and S (53.9 kg ha-1) over fertilizer control (75% RDF) and absolute control. The applications of KAB fortified with zinc sulphate assume great significance in improving rice productivity.</div>

​Yield Attributes, Yield and Nutrient Uptake of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) as Influenced by Zinc Fortified Briquettes in Medium Black Soil

Textural Profile Characterizations of White Brined Cheese Manufactured from Sheep’s, Goat’s or Combination Milk Mixtures

Efficacy of Silver Coated Foley’s Catheter in Comparison with Latex Foley’s Catheter for Prevention of Antimicrobial Resistance and Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections in Obstructive Urolithiasis of Male Buffalo Calves

Pathotyping and Virulence Analysis of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Causing Bacterial Blight of Rice in Tamil Nadu

Deterioration of Grain Quality of Wheat by Rice Weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) during Storage

Transcriptome Analysis of the Regulation of Retinoic Acid on the Growth and Development of Brandt’s Vole

Genetic Diversity Analysis for Bacterial Leaf Blight Disease Resistance in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Morgan’s pocket technique for the surgical management of cherry eye in dogs: A report of 14 cases

Biology and development of Sitophilus oryzae L. feeding on split pulses

Coexpression of Methicillin-resistant S. aureus and ESBL Producing E. coli in Mastitic Milk of Buffaloes

Yield Attributes, Yield and Nutrient Uptake of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) as Influenced by Zinc Fortified Briquettes in Medium Black Soil