Psyllium plants were treated with different doses of lead (Pb) and different plant parts and seeds were analyzed. Iron (Fe) contents were found to be lower than the toxic level (Soil 2396.9, seeds 691.5, roots 1516.6, leaves 1384.5, husks 1226.1&micro;mol kg-1 DW). The leaf Zn contents were above the critical level but lower than the toxic level (295.2 &plusmn; 16 &micro;mol kg-1). Leaf manganese (Mn) and Cr levels in P. ovata plants fell within the critical range (232.6 and 0.1923 &micro;mol kg-1 respectively). Lead in soil significantly correlated with Fe and Mn, but non-significantly with Zn and Cr in plants of P. ovata. The transfer ratios of Cr and Zn in plants without Pb treatment were lower as compared to those in plants treated with varying levels of Pb. P. ovata can grow in soils having lead concentration up to 4000 &micro;mol and act as a hyper accumulator of lead.

Metal uptake by psyllium (Plantago ovata L.) treated with lead (Pb) under semi-arid conditions

A study was conducted with graded levels of potassium and sulphur on pigeon pea to assess the nutrient uptake, yield and quality at Agronomy Farm, College of Agriculture, Nagpur (M.S.) The data revealed that application of K and S levels significantly influenced the uptake of major and micronutrient in pigeon pea. &nbsp;High N and P uptake was observed due to application of 30 kg potassium and 20 kg sulphur per hectare. &nbsp;Potassium uptake was increased significantly with increasing the levels of K. &nbsp;The highest K uptake was noticed in 45 kg K and 20 kg S per hectare combination. &nbsp;The recovery of NPK was higher in 30 kg potassium per hectare. Due to increased level of potassium and sulpur there was no adverse effect on calcium assimilation and highest uptake of calcium was observed in the application 30 kg K and 20 kg S per hectare. &nbsp;The optimum supply of K and S improves the uptake of micronutrients. &nbsp;Significantly high grain yield and protein yield was observed due to application 30 kg K and 20 kg S per hectare. &nbsp;Therefore balanced fertilization of NPKS nutrients is required in pigeon pea.&nbsp;

Effect of potassium and sulphur on nutrient uptake, yield&nbsp;and quality of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan)

<div>Background: Seed pelleting involves the sticking of target materials on to the surface of seeds. Pelleted seeds make planting of small seeds much easier by altering their shape, size and density. The call out on organic farming explains the requisite of user friendly and ecofriendly technique for seed management practices. The current study aimed to assess the effect of organic manure seed pelleting for enhancing soil properties, nutrient uptake and yield of rice. 
 
Methods: A pot culture experiment was carried out at College of Agriculture, Vellayani during the year 2018-19 to prepare organic manure seed pellets for rice and to evaluate its influence on yield, nutrient uptake and soil nutrient status. Pelleting materials were prepared using various treatment combinations namely, FYM + Azospirillum + Phosphobacteria (T2), vermicompost + Azospirillum + Phosphobacteria (T3), bioslurry flakes + Azospirillum + Phosphobacteria (T4), charcoal powder + Azospirillum + Phosphobacteria (T5), fly ash + Azospirillum + Phosphobacteria (T6), pongamia leaf powder + Azospirillum + Phosphobacteria (T7) and bioslurry + plant extracts + Azospirillum + Pseudomonas (T8: Farmer practice). 
 
Result: The results revealed that the highest grain yield (54.84 g pot-1) and straw yield (66.10 g pot-1) were recorded by T3. With regard to the uptake of nutrients, T3 registered the highest uptake of N, K, Ca, S, Zn, Cu and Si in grain and shoot. P uptake in grain was highest in the treatment T4 while T3 had the maximum P uptake in shoot. Nutrient status of the post-harvest soil was significantly influenced by the treatments.</div>

<div>Organic Manure Seed Pelleting for Enhancing Soil Properties, Nutrient Uptake and Yield of Rice</div>

The Kole lands a unique wetland ecosystem of Kerala, is located 0.5-1.0m below mean sea level. An experiment was conducted in College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, Kerala to study the influence of secondary and micronutrients viz. calcium, magnesium and boron on nutrient uptake and yield of rice in Kole lands. Six treatments including the soil test based nutrient application, package of practices recommendation (POPR) of Kerala Agricultural University for rice, combinations of the POPR with magnesium, calcium silicate, boron and absolute control were applied in the crop in a randomized block design with three replications. Higher uptake of nutrients especially primary and micronutrients were noticed by boron and calcium silicate application and lower uptake of Fe and Mn, thereby resulted in higher grain yields of 7.67 t/ha and 7.18 t/ha respectively and straw yield was higher by application of magnesium. Correlation analysis revealed that total uptake of boron, calcium and magnesium had positive and significant correlation with yield whereas negative correlation existed between Fe uptake and yield.

Effect of calcium, magnesium and boron on nutrient uptake and&nbsp;yield of rice in Kole lands of Kerala

<div style="text-align: justify;">Field investigations were conducted during 2015 and 2016 kharif seasons at the experimental farm of ICAR, Nagaland Centre, Medziphema to study weed growth and nutrient uptake in organically managed rice and maize as affected by N management and live mulching with cowpea. The experiment was laid out in factorial RBD with two kharif crops viz., rice (C1) and maize (C2), two organic N management viz., vermicompost @ 2 t/ha (N1) and vermicompost @ 2.7 t/ha (N2) and two mulches viz., control (No mulching) (L1) and live mulching with cowpea (L2). The dominant weed species observed were Cynodon dactylon, Digitaria setigera, Ageratum conyzoides, Amaranthus viridis, Cyperus iria and Cyperus rotundus. Weed density, dry weight and NPK uptake was found to be significantly lower in maize compared to rice during both years. Weed growth and NPK uptake was also found to be significantly higher with application of vermicompost @ 2.7 t/ha (N2) compared to 2 t/ha (N1) whereas, significantly lower weed growth as well as NPK uptake was also recorded with cowpea live mulch (L2) as compared to no mulching (L1). Cowpea live mulch (L2) with application of vermicompost @ 2 t/ha (N1) was found to record significantly lower NPK uptake by weeds in both crops. Yield and yield attributes of rice and maize were observed to be higher under cowpea live mulch with application of vermicompost @ 2.7 t/ha (N2).</div>

Weed growth and nutrient uptake in organically managed rice and maize as affected by nitrogen management and live mulching with cowpea

<div>Background: Maize (Zea mays L.) is the most versatile and emerging food crop of global importance. Weeds are ubiquitous but their presence in wide spaced and initially slow growing crop like maize acts as an obstacle for plentiful harvest. Nutrient uptake by weeds during the first thirty days of maize growth was 59 kg N, 10 kg P2O5 and 59 kg K2O per ha, which was 7-10 times higher than the nutrient uptake by maize. 
 
Methods: The present field experiment was conducted during Rabi, 2018-19 under irrigated conditions at wetland farm of S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati andhra Pradesh, with ten treatments and three replications in a randomized block design. 
 
Result: Lower density and dry weight of weeds with higher weed control efficiency, lower nutrient uptake by weeds and higher nutrient up take by maize at 80 DAS, kernel and stover yield was recorded with hand weeding twice at 15 and 30 DAS, which was statistically at par with atrazine 1.0 kg ha-1 as PE fb topramezone 30 g ha-1 or tembotrione 120 g ha-1 as PoE or atrazine 1.0 kg ha-1 as PE fb HW at 30 DAS, while these were lowest with weedy check. Higher benefit cost ratio of maize was noticed with both atrazine 1.0 kg ha-1 as PE fb topramezone 30 g ha-1 as PoE (T3), which was in parity with atrazine 1.0 kg ha-1 as PE fb tembotrione 120 g ha-1 as PoE (T2) and hand weeding twice at 15 and 30 DAS (T9). From the present study it may be concluded that atrazine 1.0 kg ha-1 as PE fb topramezone 30 g ha-1 or tembotrione 120 g ha-1 as PoE were considered to be the most effective and economic weed management practices to increase the productivity of Rabi maize at times of labour scarcity.</div>

<div>Weed Dynamics and Nutrient Uptake of Maize as Influenced by Different Weed Management Practices</div>

<div>Background:&nbsp;Weeds are the major biological constraint in okra due to its slow initial growth and wider row spacing. Due to severe crop weed competition, weeds removed considerable amount of nutrients from the soil. Competition exists between the crop and weed for nutrients results in nutrient deficiencies in crop. Hence the present experiment is formulated to assess the effect of stale seedbed, mulching and mechanical weeding on nutrient availability, nutrient uptake by crop and weed in okra. 
 
Methods: Experiment was conducted at Coconut Research Station, Balaramapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala during Rabi 2020-21. Design adopted for the study was RBD with two factors. The first factor was seedbed preparation (S) and the second factor was weed management (W). Stale seedbed (S1) and normal seedbed (S2) were the two different seedbed preparation methods and dried banana leaf mulch @10 t ha-1 alone (W1), dried banana leaf mulch @10 t ha-1 fb wheel hoe weeding at 30 and 45 DAS (W2), dried banana leaf mulch @10 t ha-1 fb hand weeding at 30 and 45 DAS (W3), wheel hoe weeding at 15, 30 and 45 DAS (W4), hand weeding at 15, 30 and 45 DAS (W5) and weedy check (W6) were the six different weed management options tried. Soil samples were collected after the harvest of the crop to determine the nutrient availability. Weed samples at 30 and 60 DAS and plant samples at harvest were analyzed to determine the NPK content and respective uptake of nutrients were calculated by multiplying the nutrient content with DMP. 
 
Result: Stale seedbed significantly enhanced the dry matter production and nutrient uptake by okra at harvest and lowered the nutrient removal by weeds at 30 and 60 DAS. Compared to non-stale, stale seedbed recorded significantly higher fruit yield. Among the weed management, wheel hoe weeding at 15, 30 and 45 DAS, recorded the lowest total weed dry weight at 30 and 60 DAS and resulted in the highest NPK uptake by crop and fruit yield. Uncontrolled weed growth resulted in a loss of 81.33, 18.16 and 50.84 kg N:P:K ha-1&nbsp;at 30 DAS and 102.09, 57.90 and 55.31 kg N:P:K ha-1 at 60 DAS, respectively. Nutrient removal by weeds was the lowest in wheel hoe weeding at 15, 30 and 45 DAS and the highest in weedy check. It could be concluded that, wheel hoe weeding at 15, 30 and 45 DAS was the best option for the management of weeds, higher nutrient availability and uptake and yield in okra.</div>

Nutrient Availability and Nutrient Uptake by Crop and Weed as Influenced by Stale Seedbed, Mulching and Mechanical Weeding in Okra

<div>A field experiment was conducted at College of Agriculture (RVSKVV), Indore during kharif 2013 to study the effect of different sources of plant nutrients on productivity, profitability nutrient uptake and soil fertility of soybean in relation to eight nutrient management treatments (T1: RDF- recommended dose of fertilizer (N:P:K:S @ 30:60:30:30 kg/ha), T2: RDF + Rhizobium + PSB (20 g/kg seed), T3: RDF + 50 kg ZnSO4/ha + Rhizobium + PSB, T4: RDF + 1 g (NH4)2MoO4/kg seed + Rhizobium + PSB, T5: RDF + 5 kg Borax/ha + Rhizobium + PSB, T6: RDF + 10 kg FeSO4/ha + Rhizobium &nbsp;+ PSB, T7: RDF + 25 kg MnSO4/ha + Rhizobium + PSB and T8: RDF + FYM 5 t/ha + Rhizobium + PSB.). Highest seed yield (844 kg/ha) was obtained under T4, which was at par with T8. The maximum gross returns (`36,376/ha), net returns (`20,132/ha), B:C ratio (2.24), production efficiency (7.47 kg/ha/day) and economic efficiency (`178.16/ha) was also recorded under T4 treatment. Significantly higher nutrient uptake (52.50 and 22.79 kg N, 3.28 and 6.0 kg P, 17.84 and 24.79 kg K, 85.83 and 382.55 g Fe, 67.50 and 313.02 g Mn and 0.27 and 3.96 g Mo/ha by seed and stover, respectively) were obtained under T4. However, the highest uptake of Zn (41.39 and 40.55 g/ha by seed and stover, respectively) was recorded in T3 followed by T8. While the significantly higher uptake of B by seed and stover (24.17 and 40.80 g/ha) was recorded with the application of RDF + 5 kg Borax/ha + Rhizobium + PSB. Application of RDF + FYM 5 t/ha + Rhizobium + PSB (T8) significantly enhanced the available organic carbon (0.40%), N (174.0 kg/ha) and P2O5 (18.67 kg/ha) which was at par with T4. Higher Fe content in soil (4.81 mg/kg soil) was noted with T6, while maximum Mn (2.0 mg/kg soil) was found under T7. Maximum Zn content (0.56 mg/kg soil) was found with the application of T3, whereas, the maximum Mo content (0.048 mg/kg soil) was recorded in T4.&nbsp;</div>

<div>Influence of Different Sources of Plant Nutrients on Soil Fertility, Nutrient Uptake and Productivity of Soybean under Vertisols</div>

<div>Background: The excessive usage of chemical fertilizers and the negligence on soil health regarding the conservation and use of organic sources of nutrients have not only caused the exhaustion of soil nutrient reserves but also resulted in soil health problems which is not conducive to achieving consistent increase in agricultural production. The beneficial influence of organic matter on the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil is well known, the full appreciation of the same remains which is unfortunately ignored in modern agriculture. The regular recycling of organic wastes in the soil is the most efficient method of maintaining optimum nutrient reserves of soil and nutrient uptake by the plant. The Present Study was conducted to evaluate the nutrient status of soil under integrated usage of organic and inorganic sources. 
 
Methods: A field experiment entitled &ldquo;Nutrient Management Interventions in Rice-Ragi Sequence&rdquo; was conducted during kharif and rabi seasons of 2017-18 and 2018-19 on sandy loam soil of the Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla. The seven treatments consisted of T1: 100% RDF (100-60-40 kg N-P-K ha-1); T2: 100% RDF + Soil application of ZnSO4 @ 50 kg ha-1; T3: 125% RDF+Soil application of ZnSO4 @ 50 kg ha-1; T4: 75% RDF + Poultrymanure&nbsp; @ 0.82 t ha-1 + Soil application of ZnSO4 50 kg ha-1; T5: 75% RDF + FYM @ 5.0 t ha-1 + Soil application of ZnSO4 @ 50 kg ha-1; T6:50% RDF + Poultrymanure @ 1.6 t ha-1 + Soil application of ZnSO4 @ 50 kg ha-1 and T7: 50% RDF + FYM @ 10 t ha-1 + Soil application of ZnSO4 @ 50 kg ha-1. The experiment was laidout in randomized block design with seven treatments and replicated thrice during kharif rice and in rabi each kharif treatment was subdivided into four sub treatments (S1: Nofertilizer, S2: 100% RDF, S3:75% RDF and S4:50% RDF) and hence, The split plot design was adopted in rabi. Total No.of plots per each replication in the rabi was 28 (7x4=28).&nbsp; 
 
Result: Nutrient content and uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and zinc have increased significantly with the fertility levels and organics. 50% RDF + FYM @ 10 t ha-1 + ZnSO4 @ 50 kg ha-1 recorded the highest nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and zinc contents and uptakes in grain and straw of rice. In no till rabi ragi, N, P, K, Zn and calcium content and uptake in grain and straw were found to be significantly superior with 100% RDF (S2) to the rest of the treatments in both the years and in pooled data.</div>

Effect of Nutrient Management Interventions on Nutrient Uptake of Rice-zero Till Ragi under Coastal Lands

An experiment was conducted to compare the effect of conventional fertilisers and water soluble fertilisers at varying frequency interval of application on nutrient uptake of hybrid okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench]. The experiment was laid out in a Randomised block design with two control involving ten treatments in a factorial way and was replicated thrice. The plot receiving daily fertigation of water soluble fertilisers (S1F1) had recorded the highest fruit N, P and K uptake (53.66, 9.19 and 30.14 kg ha-1 of N, P and K respectively) followed by daily fertigation of conventional fertilisers (51.45, 8.85 and 29.40 kg ha-1 of N, P and K respectively). However they were found to be at par. The plant uptake of N, P and K was also found to be higher in the treatment receiving water soluble fertilisers on daily basis (21.94, 5.29 and 15.21 kg ha-1 of N, P and K respectively). Daily fertigation of conventional fertilisers (20.82, 5.04 and 14.66 kg ha-1 of N, P and K respectively) was the next best treatment and it was not found to differ significantly from S1F1. The lowest post harvest available N, P and K recorded in plots receiving daily fertigation using water soluble fertilisers (47.27, 30.18 and 340.67 kg ha-1 of N, P and K respectively) was &nbsp;found comparable to daily fertigation of conventional fertilisers (48.08, 30.75 and 341.67 kg ha-1 of N, P and K respectively). The maximum post harvest available soil N, P and K was recorded in control wherein the entire recommended fertilisers were applied in soil.

Metal uptake by psyllium (Plantago ovata L.) treated with lead (Pb) under semi-arid conditions

Effect of potassium and sulphur on nutrient uptake, yield and quality of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan)

Organic Manure Seed Pelleting for Enhancing Soil Properties, Nutrient Uptake and Yield of Rice

Effect of calcium, magnesium and boron on nutrient uptake and yield of rice in Kole lands of Kerala

Weed growth and nutrient uptake in organically managed rice and maize as affected by nitrogen management and live mulching with cowpea

Weed Dynamics and Nutrient Uptake of Maize as Influenced by Different Weed Management Practices

Nutrient Availability and Nutrient Uptake by Crop and Weed as Influenced by Stale Seedbed, Mulching and Mechanical Weeding in Okra

Influence of Different Sources of Plant Nutrients on Soil Fertility, Nutrient Uptake and Productivity of Soybean under Vertisols

Effect of Nutrient Management Interventions on Nutrient Uptake of Rice-zero Till Ragi under Coastal Lands

Nutrient uptake of hybrid okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] under drip fertigation