Background: Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, was notified by Ministry of rural development, GOI in September, 2005. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act is the first statute in the history of India empowering rural India with the power of work. The present study aims to analyse socio-economic profile of the beneficiaries of MGNREGA: A study on the MGNREGA in Nalanda district of Bihar.&nbsp; 
 
Methods: In this research during the year 2022-2023. Nalanda district in Bihar is selected for the study. Hilsa block for the study since it contains the greatest number of MGNREGA beneficiaries. Six villages in total were purposefully chosen for the study. A random sample of 120 respondents was obtained. Pre-structured interview schedules were used to gather the data and relevant statistical analysis was carried out to determine the significant findings.&nbsp; 
 
Result: The findings of the study shows that the majority of respondents 42.50 percent belong to the middle age group; the majority of respondents 46.67 per cent were illiterate; the majority 47.50 per cent belonged to the schedule class caste; the majority 53.34 per cent held land holdings of less than one acre; the majority 39.17 per cent worked alone as their primary occupation; forty per cent had low annual incomes; the&nbsp; majority 50.83 per cent had a family of medium size; the majority 43.33 per cent were involved in social activities; the majority 48.33 per cent had medium-level social participation and most (47.50%) of the respondents were having medium level of extension contacts.

Socio-economic Profile of the Beneficiaries of MGNREGA: A Study on the MGNREGA in the Nalanda District of Bihar

<div style="text-align: justify;">Background: The MGNREGA was notified by Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India in September, 2005. The Act provides legal guarantee of at least one hundred days of wage-employment to a rural household, whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work in a financial year. The Act encompasses all areas concerning registration, plan formulation, implementation, timely payment of wages, grievance redressal mechanism, right to information, rendering of accounts, periodical meetings for fulfilling statutory requirement of providing 100 days guaranteed employment to rural households who volunteer to do unskilled manual labour.&nbsp; Methods: The present research is based on the secondary sources of data and empirical analysis of the data is conducted by using some basic statistical tools like percentage and graphs analysis of various variables in the study. Result: Since the implementation of MGNREGA, the number of households issued job cards increased from 4.97 lakh in 2008-09 to 12.53 lakh in 2017-18, thus showing a significant increase. The number of households who demanded employment and the level of employment in the State has also shown an upward trend and the number of person days of employment generated has increased from 32.3 to 84.61 lakhs and the total person days of employment provided the share of SCs STs and others has also been increased from 1.7, 7.5 and 23.05 to 4.09, 17.27 and 63.25 lakhs respectively. Although the share of employment of SCs, STs&nbsp;and women in the total employment has shown an increasing trend through-out the reference period but there is a large number of SCs and STs who have not yet got registered under MGNREGA and the increase in women participation is still far below the 33% share as enshrined in the guidelines of the Act.</div>

<div style="text-align: justify;">Implementation and Performance of MGNREGA in Jammu and Kashmir A Decadal Study</div>

Background: The primary food crop grown in Kerala is rice, which feeds the state&rsquo;s expanding population. Kerala&rsquo;s rice fields have lost land area steadily since the 1970s and are constantly being converted to other purposes. The rice fields of South Kerala are well known for their distinctive challenges that prevent rice varieties from reaching their maximum yield potential. The current study aimed to identify the constraints experienced and suggestions for refinement as perceived by the farmers. 
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Methods: This study was carried out in Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam, Alappuzha, Pathanamthitta, Kottayam, Ernakulam and Idukki districts representing the rice growing tracts of South Kerala during the year 2020-2021. About 15 respondents from one panchayat of each of these seven districts were selected totalling 105 farmer respondents and investigates the constraints encountered by rice farmers in this region. In the investigation, ex-post facto research design is being employed. The interview schedule was developed based on the objective of the study and review of literature. The information was collected by personal interview method. Constraints were analysed using Garrett&rsquo;s ranking technique and suggestions were analysed according to their frequency and percentage. 
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Result: The study focused on crop management and economic constraints and it was observed that high labour charges ranked first among constraints with garret score 402 followed by non availability of timely inputs and labours (357), flooding due to heavy rainfall (351), pest and disease incidence (337) and high loading charges (264). The important suggestions stated by the farmers for improving adoption of recommended rice cultivation practices and to reduce the yield gap includes making provisions for constructing check dams and strengthening bunds (93.33%) followed by making available combines and harvesters at less rent (85.71%), prioritization of agricultural activities in MGNREGA programme by providing labours (83.81%) etc. 
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Socio-economic Profile of the Beneficiaries of MGNREGA: A Study on the MGNREGA in the Nalanda District of Bihar

Implementation and Performance of MGNREGA in Jammu and Kashmir A Decadal Study

Constraints Perceived by South Kerala Rice Farmers in Adoption of KAU-Recommended Technologies