<div>Background: Pedigree method of breeding in predominantly self-pollinated crop like dolichos bean enable exploiting only fixable genetic effects as a result of rapid increase in homozygosis. One or a few cycles of inter-mating in F2 generation help create populations with high frequency of desired recombinants which otherwise cannot be realized in later generations. The objective of the present investigation was to assess the impact of inter se mating in F2 population on nine quantitative traits&rsquo; (QTs) mean and variability parameters. 
 
Methods: Randomly selected 20 pairs of a single cross-derived F2 plants with flowering synchrony were inter se mated. Progenies derived from 20 paired crosses (designated as BIP F3 progenies) and those (F3) derived from their 40 F2 parents were evaluated for 9 QTs. Statistics such as mean, absolute range (AR) and standardized range (SR), variance (&sigma;2), additive genetic variance (&sigma;2A) and narrow-sense heritability (NS-h2) were estimated. BIP F3 progenies were compared with those of F3 progenies for QTs mean, AR/SR, &sigma;2, &sigma;2A and NS-h2. Significance of differences between BIP F3 progenies and F3 progenies for mean and &sigma;2 were examined using two-sample t test and Levene&rsquo;s tests, respectively.&nbsp; 
 
Result: The random mating in F2 population was effective in increasing the means, variances, &sigma;2A and NS-h2 of racemes plant-1, fresh pods node-1, fresh pods plant-1 and fresh pod yield plant-1 in dolichos bean. Considering that random mating followed by selfing is a method of genetic improvement for future breeding rather than for immediate use, our results suggest long-term genetic gain and better prospects of deriving superior pure-lines with desired traits/combination of traits from inter-mated population in dolichos bean.</div>

<div>Effect of F2 Inter se Mating on Quantitative Traits Mean, Range, Variance and Heritability in Dolichos Bean (Lablab purpureus L. Sweet var. Lignosus)</div>

<div>Background: The basic plant material consisted of 9 mungbean and 5 urdbean genotypes. 42 different crosses were made comprising 13 Vigna radiata x V. radiata, 4 V. radiata x V. mungo and 25 V. radiata x V. mungo crosses. Varying degree of success has been achieved in obtaining intraspecific and interspecific crosses having desired variability for yield and yield contributing traits along with MYMV resistance. 
 
Methods: The present investigation was done at Agricultural Research Farm, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, during Kharif, 2019 and Summer, 2020. 42 intra-specific and inter-specific cross combinations were initially examined for their crossability. Out of these, six promising crosses with higher crossability percent were further analyzed for hybrid pollen fertility, hybrid lethality and, evaluation of F1 and parents for different yield traits 
. 
Result: Crossability per cent found highest in intraspecific cross HUM 2 x IPM 02-3 (41.86%) in mungbean while, in urdbean cross NDU 1 x R3/12 (41.38%). In interspecific crosses, the maximum crossability per cent was found in SKAU M 365 x R3/28 (34.92%). Two mungbean genotypes (HUM 2 and HUM 26) and two urdbean genotypes (R3/12 and R3/28) can be further utilized for genetic improvement through inter-specific hybridization as there cross combinations are better performing on the basis of yield attributes along with MYMV resistance.</div>

​Comparative Study of Crossability Behavior in Intra-specific and Inter-specific Crosses of Vigna radiata and Vigna mungo

<div style="text-align:justify">Genetic improvement through induced mutation has been very effective in improvement of crops. Seeds of three popular chickpea variety namely BGM 408, B115 and JG 315 were treated with 10,20 and 30 kR of gamma rays. Then treated seeds with their respective control(0 kR gamma rays) were sown in the field of Calcutta University experimental farm,Baruipur (with no salinity) in three consecutive years to raise M1, M2 and M3 generations respectively.Some M3 lines having higher yield potential were subjected to grow as M4 lines in salt stressed field (5-7ds m-1) of Hingalganj,South 24 Parganas. Finally, some promising salt tolerant lines with improved seed yield were selected which have a good promise for coastal saline belt after releasing as a variety.</div>

Screening for high productive salt tolerant mutant M4 lines in chickpea(Cicer arietinum L.) &nbsp;

Background: The study aimed to measure canine thyroid-stimulating hormone (cTSH) levels and their relationship with total triiodothyronine (TT3), total thyroxine (TT4) and free thyroxine (fT4) in healthy and hypothyroid dogs. 
&nbsp; 
Methods: The study involved 77 dogs, with 67 healthy and 10 hypothyroid. The serum concentration of cTSH was measured using a canine-specific TSH-ELISA kit, while TT3, TT4&nbsp;and fT4&nbsp;were measured using RIA kits. 
&nbsp; 
Result: The Mean serum concentration of cTSH, TT3, TT4&nbsp;and fT4&nbsp;in healthy dogs was 2.03&plusmn;0.01 &micro;IU/ml, 0.85&plusmn;0.04 nmol/l, 20.81&plusmn;0.79 nmol/l and 12.59&plusmn;0.35 pmol/l, respectively. Mean cTSH, TT3, TT4&nbsp;and fT4, concentration of hypothyroid dogs was found to be 2.16&plusmn;0.03 &micro;IU/ml, 0.93&plusmn;0.07 nmol/l, 9.01&plusmn;0.69 nmol/l and 5.87&plusmn;0.82 pmol/l, respectively. Interquartile range (i.e. 25th&nbsp;to 75th&nbsp;percentile) for thyroid hormone (cTSH, TT3, TT4&nbsp;and fT4) in healthy dogs (n = 67) were 1.96-2.11 &micro;IU/ml, 0.64-0.96 nmol/l, 16.73-25.00 nmol/l and 11.00-14.40 pmol/l, respectively and for hypothyroid dogs (n = 10) were 2.09-2.22 &micro;IU/ml, 0.73-1.12 nmol/l, 7.50-10.29 nmol/l and 4.35-7.45 pmol/l, respectively.&nbsp; A significant difference (P&lt;0.05) was recorded in healthy and hypothyroid dogs in cTSH, TT4&nbsp;and fT4. 
&nbsp;

Studies on Canine Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (cTSH), Total Triiodothyronine (TT3), Total Thyroxine (TT4) and Free Thyroxine (fT4) in Healthy and Hypothyroid Dogs

<div>This study aims to investigate the effects of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) from Urechis unicinctus on the P2Y12 receptor signaling pathway in rat platelets. The concentrations of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa) in rat platelets were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. The phosphorylation levels of protein kinase A (PKA) and vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) in rat platelets were detected through Western blot. The expression of P2Y12 gene in rat platelets was analyzed via real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and reverse-transcription PCR. It was observed that GAG significantly increased the cAMP content (p &lt; 0.05, p &lt; 0.01) and decreased the TXB2 and GPIIb/IIIa concentrations (p &lt; 0.05, p &lt; 0.01) in rat platelets. GAG significantly enhanced the phosphorylation levels of PKA and VASP in rat platelets (p &lt; 0.01) and had a synergistic effect with the P2Y12 receptor blocker. GAG significantly reduced the expression level of P2Y12 gene in rat platelets (p &lt; 0.01). We speculated that GAG from U. unicinctus inhibited platelet aggregation in rats through the P2Y12 receptor signaling pathway.</div>

<div>Effects of Glycosaminoglycan from Urechis Unicinctus on the P2Y12 Receptor Signaling Pathway in Rat Platelets</div>

<div>Background: An understanding the mungbean mutant lines with the check varieties can help in identifying mutants in better adoption. The present experiment was conducted to assess the genetic variation and morpho-metric characteristics of mungbean mutants in M4 and M5 generation.&nbsp; 
 
Methods: A set of 7 M3 progenies along with parent Pratap and 5 check was evaluated for M4 and M5 generation using randomized complete block design with three replications during kharif 2018 and summer 2019 in the experimental area of Instructional cum Research Farm, College of Agriculture, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam. 
 
Result: Significant differences were observed for most of the traits in both M4 and M5 generation. High heritability estimate coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was documented for numbers of branches per plant, pods per plant, percentage of disease incidence, 100 seeds weight and seed yield per plant in both the generation indicate the pre-ponderance of additive gene action. Seed yield per plant was found to be significantly and positively correlated with numbers of pods per cluster, seeds per pod, pod length and 100 seeds weight at genotypic and phenotypic level in both M4 and M5 generation. The traits 100 seeds weight and branches per plant had showed positive direct effect on seed yield in both the generations; hence these two traits might be most effective for selection of higher yield mutants in mung bean.</div>

Characterization of Mungbean Mutants [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] in M4 and M5 Generations

<div>Background: Among enterobacteria E. coli and Klebsiella spp. are of great concern in health care settings, as these bacteria sometimes may contaminate the milk due to unhygienic practices and poor udder condition which have been associated with various illnesses. Therefore, this study aimed to detect the carbapenem resistant E. coli and Klebsiella spp. of bovine milk origin with regard to the risk of human transfer via the food chain in community. 
 
Methods: Total 240 samples were collected from Ayodhya and Sultanpur districts of Eastern Plain Zone of Uttar Pradesh (India). Confirmation of E. coli and Klebsiella spp. isolates was done by using species specific uidA and 16S rRNA gene, respectively. Then, carbapenemase positive E. coli and Klebsiella spp. were confirmend by DDST, MBL E-strip test and PCR analysis by targeting (bla-NDM, bla-OXA-48 and bla-KPC). Antibiogram of all carbapenemase positive isolates was performed against 20 antibiotics of 12 different classes. 
 
Result: In the present study, total 74(30.83%) isolates were identified including 55(22.92%) E. coli and 19(7.92%) Klebsiella spp. by PCR, out of which 12(16.21%) isolates were confirmed as carbapenemase producers comprising 7(12.72%) E. coli and 5(26.31%) Klebsiella spp by DDST and E-strip. All carbapenemase positive E. coli were found 100% sensitive to polymyxin-B and chloramphenicol, while all Klebsiella spp. were 100% sensitive to amikacin and polymyxin-B. Resistance against imipenem, meropenem, cefotaxime, cefpodoxime, ceftazidime, ceftriazone, aztreonam and ampicillin ranged between 80.0%-100%. All carbapenemase positive isolates were found multidrug resistant. Carbapenemase genes bla-NDM and bla-KPC were detected in E. coli while bla-OXA-48 and bla-KPC were detected in Klebsiella spp.</div>

​Detection of Carbapenemase Genes (bla-NDM, bla-KPC, bla-OXA-48) in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species, Isolated from Milk Samples of Bovine in Eastern Plain Zone of Uttar Pradesh

<div>Background: Black gram or urdbean is a self-pollinated short duration diploid grain legume packed with abundant nutrients and acts as a N2 fixer, fertility restorer agent by using as mulch or catch crop. But still the crop&rsquo;s value is limited due to many genetic as well as biotic and abiotic factors. Keeping this in regard, the present research was undertaken by estimating parent-progeny regression and inter-generation correlation coefficient and in turn attain narrow sense heritability values for the traits so as to determine and identify desirable and probable genotypes and their further improvement by selection in consecutive generations. 
 
Methods: The present research was aimed to ascertain the extent of narrow sense heritability through parent-progeny regression and inter-generation relationships between F2 and F3 generations for 11 quantitative traits in 14 crosses using randomised complete block design in the Experimental farm of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, CSK HPKV, Palampur (H.P.) during Kharif 2018 and 2019. 
 
Result: Regression and intergeneration analysis revealed that five crosses showed positive and significant values for days to 75% maturity, thereby meaning that plants selected in the F2 population had a significant positive association with that of F3 for this trait. Estimates of narrow sense heritability were recorded highest for biological yield and days to 75% maturity. Keeping the above parameters in consideration, it was concluded that days to 75% maturity and biological yield affirm the presence of additive variance which determined as a good transmission index of genetic potentials from parent of one generation to the progeny of other, while a high regression suggests low influence of environment along with large genetic effects. So, these can be prioritized as the prime traits and used as a reliable predictor for making effective selection and improvement of genotypes for enhancing yield in subsequent generations.</div>

Estimating Narrow Sense Heritability from Parent Progeny Regression and Inter-generation Correlation Coefficient Analysis for Yield and Component Characters in Segregating Lines of Urdbean [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]

Background: The pulse known as &ldquo;Blackgram&rdquo; is a significant component of the Indian diet since it provides vegetable protein and balances the diet centered on cereals. Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV) outbreaks on a regular basis completely destroy crops, causing farmers to suffer enormous losses. Mutation breeding can be an effective strategy for developing crops with desirable traits, such as high yield and resistance to diseases like the Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV) in blackgram. 
&nbsp; 
Methods: This experiment was laid out to study the variability pattern of mutant population in M4&nbsp;and M5&nbsp;generation of blackgram variety CO 6 treated with the Gamma rays at 200 Gy, 300 Gy and 400Gy and isolation of viable mutants for Mungbean Yellow Mosaic virus resistance. Significant variability was observed among the different treatments in M4 generation and twenty MYMV resistant mutants ((PKT-BG-200Gy-P07; PKT-BG-200Gy-P24; PKT-BG-200Gy-P29; PKT-BG-200Gy-P35; PKT-BG-200Gy-P36; PKT-BG-200Gy-P45; PKT-BG-300Gy-P13; PKT-BG-300Gy-P16; PKT-BG-300Gy-P28;&nbsp; PKT-BG-300Gy-P33; PKT-BG-300Gy-P41; PKT-BG-300Gy-P4; PKT-BG-300Gy-P43; PKT-BG-300Gy-P76; PKT-BG-300Gy-P81; PKT-BG-300Gy-P88; PKT-BG-300Gy-P93; PKT-BG-400Gy-P15; PKT-BG-400Gy-P21; PKT-BG-400Gy-P23)&nbsp; were selected and evaluated in a randomized block design with three replications under natural conditions.&nbsp; Scoring was done by the modified scale of All India Coordinated Research Project on MuLLaRP. 
&nbsp; 
Result: Incidence ranged from scale 0.01 (PKT-BG-300Gy-P41and PKT-BG-300Gy-P42) to 5.30 (PKT-BG-300Gy-P28). The mutants PKT-BG-300Gy-P41 and PKT-BG-300Gy-P42 recorded with maximum yield of 1500 kg/ha and 1445kg/ha were found to be observed as high yielding and MYMV resistant lines for summer season&nbsp; in the Cauvery delta region.

Evaluation and Isolation of Mungbean Yellow Mosai Virus Resistant Mutants in M4 and M5 Mutant Generations of Blackgram (Vigna mungo)

<div>Background: Information on gene action governing yield and yield component traits need to be studied for adoption of effective breeding procedure to wards development and isolation of high yielding promising lines from the cross with resistant to bacterial leaf blight, blast and tolerance to low soil phosphorous. The present investigation was taken up in this context to estimate the gene effects for yield and yield components of the cross, YH3 &times; AKDRMS 21-54, using five parameter model of generation mean analysis.&nbsp; 
 
Methods: The experimental material, P1, P2, F1, F2 and F3 generations, for the investigation was generated from Kharif 2019 onwards and evaluated at Agricultural College, Bapatla during Rabi 2021-22. Gene effects for grain yield and yield attributing traits were studied.&nbsp; 
 
Result: Mean effects of all traits studied were significant indicating the presence of sufficient variation for the traits. Significance of scaling tests revealed additive-dominant model as inadequate, indicating the presence of epistasis. Digenic non-allelic interaction model with five parameters, namely, m, d, h, i and l revealed that the epistatic interaction model was adequate to explain the gene action for the traits studied in the present investigation. Dominance x dominance gene interaction was pre-dominant for grain yield per plant and majority of yield component traits studied coupled with duplicate epistasis, indicating the importance of population improvement approaches, such as bi-parental mating and recurrent selection, followed by isolation of purelines in later generations of the cross for effective improvement of yield and majority of the yield component traits.&nbsp;</div>

Effect of F₂ Inter se Mating on Quantitative Traits Mean, Range, Variance and Heritability in Dolichos Bean (Lablab purpureus L. Sweet var. Lignosus)

Comparative Study of Crossability Behavior in Intra-specific and Inter-specific Crosses of Vigna radiata and Vigna mungo

Screening for high productive salt tolerant mutant M₄ lines in chickpea(Cicer arietinum L.)

Studies on Canine Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (cTSH), Total Triiodothyronine (TT₃), Total Thyroxine (TT₄) and Free Thyroxine (fT₄) in Healthy and Hypothyroid Dogs

Effects of Glycosaminoglycan from Urechis Unicinctus on the P₂Y₁₂ Receptor Signaling Pathway in Rat Platelets

Characterization of Mungbean Mutants [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] in M₄ and M₅Generations

Detection of Carbapenemase Genes (bla_-NDM, bla_-KPC, bla_-OXA-48) in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species, Isolated from Milk Samples of Bovine in Eastern Plain Zone of Uttar Pradesh

Estimating Narrow Sense Heritability from Parent Progeny Regression and Inter-generation Correlation Coefficient Analysis for Yield and Component Characters in Segregating Lines of Urdbean [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]

Evaluation and Isolation of Mungbean Yellow Mosai Virus Resistant Mutants in M₄and M₅ Mutant Generations of Blackgram (Vigna mungo)

Generation Mean Analysis for Yield and Yield Component Traits in Inter-specific Cross of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)