<div style="text-align: justify;">This study was conducted to estimate the infection of Bruchophagus roddi in 66 alfalfa fields in Igdir, Turkey during the month of August in 2014-2015, and to determine infection preferences of B. roddi for number of pods in a bunch (NPB) and number of seeds in a pod (NSP). CHAID algorithm was preferred in the prediction of the number of seeds damaged (NSD) through district, year, NPB and NSP. In Aralik district, B. roddi preferred the seeds of varieties with NSP&pound;3.8 (0.858 NSD) at lower rate in 2015. In Karakoyunlu, Tuzluca and Central districts in 2015, varieties with NPB&gt;11 were preferred less but varieties with 9&lt;NPB&pound;11 were mostly preferred. In the Aral&yacute;k and Central districts in the 2014, varieties with NPB&gt;10 were preferred less but varieties whose NSP was greater than 7.6 were preferred at the highest proportion by B. roddi in Aralik district in the 2015.&nbsp;</div>

Detection of infection preferences of the alfalfa seed chalcid, <em>Bruchophagus roddi</em> Gussakovskiy, 1933 (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) in alfalfa (<em>Medicago sativa</em> L.) fields of Igdir, Turkey

<div style="text-align: justify;">Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) is well recognized as a pathogen that infects the respiratory and reproductive tracts. This study is a serological investigation of BoHV-1 in breeding bulls at 1&ndash;5 years of age from small scale family operations in three Northeastern Anatolian provinces (Kars, Ardahan and Igdir) in Turkey. For this purpose, blood was collected from 250 breeding bulls and was tested for antibodies against BoHV-1 using the virus neutralization technique. Out of 250 blood sera samples tested, 110 (44.00%) were detected as positive against to BoHV-1 and antibody titres were found to be varied between 1/2- 1/64. Among the controlled regions, the highest seroprevalance of BoHV-1 infection was found in Kars (64.81%) followed by Ardahan (30.00%) and Igdir (26.82%) provinces. The results suggested that the infection was spreading in breeding bulls in small scale family operations. This study is the first serological study to determine seroprevalence of BoHV-1 infection in breeding bulls in North-eastern Anatolia region.</div>

Detection of infection preferences of the alfalfa seed chalcid, Bruchophagus roddi Gussakovskiy, 1933 (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) fields of Igdir, Turkey

Seroprevalence of Bovine Herpes Virus 1 (BoHV-1) in breeding bulls in Northeastern Anatolian Region of Turkey