<div>Background: Rice is a crucial food source for almost half of the world&rsquo;s population and is one of the most significant food crops worldwide. Humic acids, which are naturally occurring compounds formed from decomposed organic matter, can enhance rice growth, yield and nutrient absorption when applied. 
 
Methods: A field experiment conducted from July to September 2022 in Kadavacheri village, Chidambaram, Cuddalore district, examined the impact of foliar applications of Humic Plus and soil applications of Green Magic on the growth of the rice variety ASD16. The soil was a clay loam (Typic Haplusterts) with a pH of 7.50, electrical conductivity of 0.40 dSm-1&nbsp;and medium organic carbon content (6.02 g kg-1). Nutrient analysis indicated low N availability (238.3 kg ha-1), medium P (12.40 kg ha-1) and high K levels (302.5 kg ha-1). Treatments included NPK fertilizer application alongside varying combinations of foliar sprays of Humic Plus at rates of 5, 7.5 and 10 ml ha-1&nbsp;and soil application of Green Magic at 15 kg ha-1. The trial, which included an absolute control and the 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (150:50:50 kg ha-1), was arranged in a randomized block design and replicated three times. 
 
Result: The best treatment was much pronounced with foliar application of Humic plus @ 10 ml ha-1 at 30 DAT and soil application of Greenmagic@15 kg/ha was recorded plant height (107.7 cm), productive tillers/hill (19.09), no. of panicle m-2 (335.4), no. of grains/panicle (138.5), panicle length (26.6 cm), grain and straw yield (7276 and 8648kg ha-1).</div>

Effect of Humic Plus and Green Magic on Growth and Yield of Rice

<div style="text-align: justify;">The experiment was performed to investigate the effect of humic acid to drinking water on the laying performance and quality of eggs in Japanese quails. Hundred and forty, 9-weeks old female Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japanica) were randomly designated to four treatment groups forming 5 replicates each containing seven birds. Group I was the control group. Group II, III, IV were administered 250 ml/ton, 350 ml/ton, 450 ml/ton humic acid into drinking water, respectively. The egg characteristics were determined after 8th and 10th weeks of experiment. Addition of humic acid had a positive effect on the live weight change (p &lt; 0.05) and yolk weight (p &lt; 0.01). Egg shell thickness, albumen weight and yolk color were significantly (p &lt; 0.01) lower in the experimental groups than that of control group. However humic acid had no effect on egg production, feed consumption, feed efficiency and other egg quality.&nbsp; In conclusion, data of our study demonstrated that liquid humate applied in drinking water has significantly improved live weight change and yolk weight. The positive effects of liquid humates, possibly related to improved nutrient utilization through various metabolic activities in the body are yet to be further investigated.</div>

Influence of humic acid addition to drinking water on laying performance and egg quality in Japanese quails

<div>Background: Humic acid is a natural bio-stimulant, which has a major influence on growth and crop quality. Also, Magnetic water treatment enhances both crop productivity and quality, which leads to the efficient use of cultivated land by using water resources available for crop production. This study aims to determine the effects of magnetized water irrigation and application of humic acid with different concentrations as a bio-stimulation on tomato plants, Solanum Lycopersicon cv. Hybrid &ldquo;86&rdquo;. 
 
Methods: The experiment was conducted during the tow growing seasons of 2018 and 2019 at the Agricultural Experimental Station Farm at Abies region, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Egypt. The experiment design was split-plot with three replications. Two irrigation water treatments (magnetized and non-magnetic water) were arranged in the main plots and four concentrations of humic acid (0, 1, 2 and 3 g L-1) were distributed over sub-plots. 
 
Result: The results showed that irrigation with magnetized water had a positive effect on the vegetative growth traits, yield and its components and the quality of tomato fruits parameters. There was also a clear desirable effect of humic acid addition with different concentrations, as the results indicated that the use of the highest concentration of humic acid (3 g L-1) reflected the highest values for all the studied traits. The results of the interaction between irrigation with magnetized water and application of humic acid showed that the best results and the highest values for all studied characters were recorded when using magnetic water (MW) combined with 3 g L-1 of humic acid (HA), without significant differences from the interaction treatment MW combined with 2 g L-1 HA for most traits. However, the two treatments combinations MW with 2 g L-1 HA and Non-MW with 3 g L-1 HA didn&rsquo;t significant differ from each other for all studied characters at the two growing seasons. These results indicated that using the magnetic water with humic acid led to the possibility of reducing the amount of humic acid by one-third and enhances both crop productivity and quality of tomato plants. Generally, we can recommend using magnetized water irrigation with humic acid addition at concentration of 3.g L-1 or 2.g L-1 to enhance the productivity and quality of the tomato plant.&nbsp;</div>

<div>Enhancing the Productivity and Quality of Tomato using Magnetized Water and Humic Acid as Bio-stimulant Agents</div>

<div>Background: Among the different grain legumes, blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper)] is a well-known leguminous crop popular because of its nutritional quality and suitability for multiple cropping systems.&nbsp; 
 
Methods: A field experiment was conducted during Autumn season of 2018 and 2019 at Kalyani, Nadia to evaluate the effect of humic acid (HA) application on growth and yield of blackgram crop. The treatments were: Control (sowing of dry seed) (T1); Seed priming (soaking) in water (T2); Seed priming in 0.5% humic acid solution (T3); Seed priming in 1% humic acid solution (T4); Seed priming in 2% Humic acid solution (T5); Soil application of humic acid @1 kg/ha (T6); Soil application of humic acid @ 2 kg/ha (T7); Soil application of humic acid @1 kg/ha + 10 t compost/ha (T8); Soil application of humic acid @ 2 kg/ha + 10 t compost/ha (T9); Foliar application of&nbsp;0.01% humic acid solution 25 days after sowing (DAS) (T10); Foliar application of&nbsp; 0.05% humic acid solution (25 DAS) (T11); Foliar application of 0.1% humic acid solution (25 DAS) (T12). 
 
Result: Soil application of humic acid along with compost had significant effect on number of pods m-2, though; other yield components such as seeds pod-1, seed index was statistically at par in most occasions. The maximum seed yield (1295.53 kg ha-1 and 1298.47 kg ha-1 in 2018 and 2019, respectively) was obtained from the treatment T9 and the second-best treatment was T8.</div>

Growth and Yield of Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] Crop as Influenced by Humic Acid Application

<div>Cluster bean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.], known commonly as &ldquo;Guar,&rdquo; is a vital legume crop grown mostly under rainfed conditions in arid and semi-arid regions of India during the Kharif and summer season. Numerous horticultural strategies may be used to improve the growth and productivity of guar including sea weed extract and humic acid. A field experiment was conducted to determine the influence of seaweed extract and humic acid on growth, yield and post-harvest characteristics of cluster bean. Seaweed extract and humic acid were administered in the field as foliar spray at 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 per cent concentrations in a randomized block design (RBD) consisting of seven treatments and three replicates. The results indicated that the higher concentration of 0.3 per cent seaweed extract and humic acid produced significantly higher plant height, leaf number, pod number per plant and total yield per hectare as compared to the lower concentrations and control. The post-harvest study revealed that foliar treatment of 0.3 per cent humic acid and seaweed extract resulted in a lower percentage of physiological weight loss and increased the shelf life of pods compared to untreated.</div>

Effect of Foliar Spray of Seaweed Extract and Humic Acid on Growth and Yield of Cluster Beans [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.] var. Pusa Navbahar

<div>Background: Joint health is very vital in canines. Immediate attention and diagnosis will help to prevent suffering in canines. This study was designed to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of the poly-herbal formulation Mobility Plus&reg; for arthritis, inflammation and analgesic activities in canines. 
 
Methods: A total of 18 client-owned dogs with a history of joint inflammation, hip dysplasia and arthritis were selected (n = 18) and supplemented with one tablet of Mobility Plus&reg; daily until complete recovery. The changes in assessment parameters scores, viz. lameness score, joint mobility score, pain on palpation score, weight-bearing score and the overall clinical condition score were evaluated. The results revealed that lameness, joint mobility, pain and weight-bearing scores significantly (p&lt;0.001) decreased in dogs as early as day 15; hence, the overall clinical condition score also decreased significantly (p&lt;0.001) as early as day 15 after Mobility Plus&reg; supplementation. 
 
Result: Present study revealed that lameness, joint mobility, pain and weight-bearing scores significantly (p and lt; 0.001) decreased in dogs as early as day 15; hence, the overall clinical condition score also decreased significantly (p and lt; 0.001) as early as day 15 after Mobility Plus&reg; supplementation. Supplementation of Mobility Plus&reg; has antiarthritic and anti-inflammatory activities. Mobility Plus&reg; could be recommended for the amelioration of joint inflammation and osteoarthritis conditions in canines.</div>

Evaluation of the Efficacy of Mobility Plus&reg; in the Management of Osteoarthritis and Joint Inflammation in Canines

Background: Sandy soils are characterized by poor structure, low water holding capacity and limited nutrient availability, which in turn have adverse effects on plant growth and productivity. Organic amendments, such as humic acid and clay liquid, have been proposed as environmentally friendly alternatives for enhancing the physicochemical properties of the soil and improving plant performance, especially for crops of high economic and nutritional value like Moringa oleifera. 
 
Methods: In the present study, a factorial arrangement was utilized with a completely randomized block design statistical layout, using three replications for each treatment. Application of humic acid was performed at three concentrations consisting of 0, 5 and 10 mg L-1. As for the clay liquid, applications were made at three levels of 0, 10 and 30 mL L-1. Growth parameters recorded included plant height, number of leaves and branches, leaf area, root dry weight and shoot dry weight. Physical and chemical properties of sandy soil were also analyzed in selected series. Data obtained were subjected to ANOVA tests; meanwhile, treatment means were compared by the LSD test at probability level 0.05. 
 
Result: The findings indicated a significant increase in vegetative growth with humic acid treatment, with the maximum recorded at 10 mg L-1. Clay liquid at 30 mL L-1&nbsp;increased branching, leaf area and biomass. The interaction effect of humic acid at 10 mg L-1&nbsp;with clay liquid at 30 mL L-1&nbsp;gave a better result for most factors related to growth, such as shoot and root dry weight, showing a significant synergy effect between humic acid and clay liquid in showing a significant synergy effect between humic acid and clay liquid in enhancing the vegetative growth of Moringa oleifera of Moringa oleifera. The soil pH, electrical conductivity and nutrient content increased with the application of treatments. 
&nbsp;

Influence of Humic Acid and Clay Liquid on the Physicochemical Properties of Sandy Soil and the Vegetative Growth of Moringa oleifera

Background: Linseed, popularly known as flaxseed, is a prominent dual-purpose crop cultivated for both fiber and oilseed crops. It is especially valued for its rich nutritional profile, which includes alpha-linolenic acid, an essential omega-3 fatty acid, along with dietary fiber and lignans, making it more suitable for value addition and sustainable agriculture. Despite its adaptability and uses, it faces challenges such as grain yield followed by oil yield due to moisture stress. In the past few years, it has received special attention due to its industrial application and health benefits. Although the individual impact of seed priming, use of humic acid, and sulphur on healthy seedling establishment, crop growth, and oil yield under limited water conditions has shown the beneficial impact, their synergistic studies remain to be explored. Therefore, an integrated effort with seed priming, humic acid, and sulphur was implemented to mitigate the adverse response to moisture stress. 
&nbsp; 
Methods: An experiment was executed using a split-plot design considering the most popular variety of linseed (LC 2063) over the research farm of Lovely Professional University. The main plot treatments consisted of three levels of irrigation: I0, I1, and I2, that is, no irrigation, moderate irrigation, and full irrigation, while subplots treatments comprised seven combinations, including seed priming with KNO3, humic acid, and sulphur used as soil application (C0&nbsp;to C6), whereas 15 mM of KNO3&nbsp;was used as seed priming and humic acid was used besal application @ 12 Kg ha-1. 
&nbsp; 
Result: The frequency of irrigations had a significant impact (p=0.05) on the phenological traits in linseed. Out of all the irrigation frequencies, two irrigations (I2) minimized the days taken to the branching and 50% flowering, and maximized the days taken to maturity, number of capsules plant-1 and oil yield qt ha-1&nbsp;as compared to single (I1) and no post-sowing irrigation (I0). As for the percent increase or decrease over control is concerned, I2 reduced days by 16% and 13%, and increased maturity, number of capsules, and oil yield by 7%, 23% and 22%, respectively. The combined application of KNO3&nbsp; and humic acid (C5) was the most effective treatment at (p=0.05), significantly reducing days to emergence, branching, 50% flowering and maturity by 47, 18, 13, and 4% respectively, and enhancing maturity, number of capsules and oil yield by 4%, 38% and 32%. A negative relationship was detected between the relative water content (RWC%) and proline content (&micro;mol g-1) across the irrigation regimes, wherein I2&nbsp;showed the highest RWC and lowest proline. Among the chemical treatments, C5&nbsp;maintained the highest RWC% and proline, followed by C4&gt; C6&gt; C3&gt; C2&gt; C1&gt; C0. Most of the parameters studied had a significant interaction effect between the irrigation frequency and chemical treatments at (p=0.05), indicating that the combined application of C5&nbsp;with I2&nbsp;can markedly enhance oil yield in linseed.

Enhancing Linseed Oil Yield using the Synergistic Effect of Seed Priming, Humic Acid and Sulphur under Optimized Irrigation

Background: The global trend at present is to utilise organic fertilisers of various types and sources to minimise the adverse effects of chemical fertilisers as much as possible. Humic acid is an organic fertilizer widely used due to its many benefits in improving the properties of soil and its effect on plant growth and production. The global production of hybrid varieties has been at a steady pace for years, driven by their productivity and the number of genetic combinations introduced, which increases the capacity of their genetic base and thus helps them adapt to environmental conditions or growth factors. 
&nbsp; 
Methods: The experiment conducted in Tikrit University, Salah Al-Din, Iraq, to investigated the effect of varying concentrations of organic fertilizer (0, 1, 2 and 3 ml L-1&nbsp;humic acid) on the three Zea mays plant genotypes (Toro, Vito and Jooly) growth characteristics and protein percentage, in the autumn season of 2025 using an RCBD design repeated three times. 
&nbsp; 
Result: Humic acid with 3 ml L-1&nbsp;superior in plant height, leaves number plant-1, leaf area, dry weight plant-1, leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD) and protein percentage, by percentage increase of 3.96%, 7.89%, 21.43%, 12.25%, respectively and leaf chlorophyll content reached 42.10 SPAD and protein percentage 8.6%. Jooly genotype was superior in the same traits by percentage increase of 15.84%, 2.72%, 8.35% and 9.78%, respectively and leaf Chlorophyll content 46.56 SPAD and protein percentage 8.70%. The interaction between 3 ml L-1&nbsp;humic acid concentrations and Jooly genotype superior in the same traits by percentage increase of 29.73%, 10%, 30.15% and 3.29%, respectively and leaf chlorophyll content of 48.25 SPAD and protein percentage 8.90 %. It can be concluded from this experiment that adding of humic acid helps in enhancing growth and protein percentage of new Zea mays L. plant genotypes.&nbsp;

Physiological Effect of Adding Concentrations of Humic Acid on Growth and Protein Percentage of Zea mays L. Plant Genotypes

Background: Lentil is second most important nutritionally dense pulse crop of India due to its ability to fix nitrogen, helps to maintain soil fertility and increase yield of other crops grown in rotations. Seed priming is a good innovative technology for improvement of emergence and plant stand under various stress conditions and also could enhance various defense mechanisms in seeds against biotic and abiotic stresses. The present study aimed to examine the effect of seed priming with&nbsp; silicic acid&nbsp; (3 mM @18 hr), humic acid (600 ppm @18 hr) and combination of humic and silicic acid (100 ppm + 1 mM @ 16 hr), that may reduce harmful effect of stress at seedling stage and improve early seedling vigor. 
 
Methods: In this field-laboratory investigation during 2022-2023, seed quality and yield quality attributing parameters i.e. germination percentage, seed vigor index-I and II, total chlorophyll, emergence percentage, final plant stand, final plant stand emergence, plant height, secondary branches, tertiary branches, number of pod per plant, average number of pod per plant, pod cluster, seed yield per plot and yield per plot were recorded in both laboratory and field conditions. 
 
Result: The results demonstrated a positive effect of seed priming on seed quality parameters against the stress. The highest seed quality and yield quality attributing parameter was recorded in treatment (T5) combination of humic and silicic acid as compare to control. The chemical priming with combination of humic and silicic acid was found to be most effective treatment to enhance plant stand establishment against stress.