<p>Fifteen clusters of villages were identified and selected for the purpose of study. In general, these villages are located at 32.6oN (latitude); 76.3oE (longitude); 1,290.8 m (altitude). &nbsp;The area is characterized by mild summer and moderate to severe winter having the mean monthly minimum temperature varying from 5.0&plusmn;0.9 oC in January to 20.4&plusmn;1.2 oC in June. &nbsp;Garett&rsquo;s ranking technique was followed to analyse the particular problem or disease perceived by the farmers as well as identify by the multidiscipline teams in livestock. In cattle, highest incidence of haematuria (16.74%) was recorded followed by repeat breeding (14.97%). Whereas in case of buffalo emaciation / weakness (17.24%), GI parasitic infections (16.09%), and tick/ lice infestation (16.09%) were the major problems. Parasitic infections (36.84%), diarrhoea/ dysentery (31.57%) and tick / lice infestation (14.03%) were recorded as major problem in goats. The major disease/ disorder observed in bullocks were haematuria (28.23%), urinary problem (24.70%) and parasitic infestation (16.47 %). In the horse/ ponies parasitic infestation (37.93%) followed by weakness (24.13%) and tick/ lice infestation (17.24%) and parasitic infections (31.81%) followed by mange (27.27%) were the major health problem in the pet&rsquo;s animals. The study enlighted the animal health scenario in the region. &nbsp;</p>


<p>Livestock diseases in sub-Himalayan temperate region:&nbsp;A Garrett&rsquo;s ranking analysis&nbsp;</p>


<div style="text-align:justify">We have investigated the effect of malaria infection on the urine biochemistry and the renal and hepatic levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in female BWF1 lupus mice. A total of 30 female BWF1 lupus mice were divided into three groups as follows: group (I) control group; group (II) lupus mice infected with live Plasmodium. chabaudi; group (III) lupus mice infected with irradiated P. chabaudi. Mice were killed at day 14 post-infection and plasma samples were collected. live P. chabaudi infection was associated with decreased level of glucose in urine (glucosuria), increased urinary level of both ketones (ketonuria) and blood (hematuria). Additionally, live P. chabaudi infection was associated with increased level of TAC in the renal tissue with decreased level of TAC in the hepatic tissue of infected mice. In conclusion, P. chabaudi infection has a direct effect on the urine biochemistry and the renal and hepatic levels of TAC in BWF1 mice.</div>

<div style="text-align:justify">Increased total antioxidant capacity in renal tissue of female BWF1 mice infected with <em>Plasmodium chabaudi</em></div>

Livestock diseases in sub-Himalayan temperate region: A Garrett’s ranking analysis

Increased total antioxidant capacity in renal tissue of female BWF1 mice infected with Plasmodium chabaudi