<div style="text-align: justify;">Sub-clinical Mastitis is one of the major problems in India which is among the largest milk producing countries in the world, hampering national economy. Among 422 bovine milk samples screened from different cattle farms of West Bengal with history of infection and drop in milk yield by on-spot bromothymol blue (BTB) test, 371 samples were considered for collection and secondary screening by somatic cell count study. The collected milk samples showed significantly high average SCC value of 3.26-4.88 lakh cells/ml of milk which was indicative of infection. Samples (23, 6.53%) were found to be positive for Pseudomonas sp. showing distinct bluish-green pigmentation on cetrimide agar, typical results on morphological and in biochemical characterization. Presence of 19 (5.39%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were confirmed by fluorescent technique for detection of characteristic blue-green fluorescence by the pigment pyoverdin. PCR of these positive isolates revealed that 11 isolates were positive for toxA and 6 isolates for exoS genes with 2 isolates possessing both the genes. In Mice pathogenicity test, highest fatality (100%) was shown by the isolates with both the genes followed by isolates with toxA (66.67%) and exoS (41.67%) respectively with successful re-isolation of P. aeruginosa from the dead mice. Post-mortem examination of the dead mice showed marked haemorrhages on liver, blackish discoloration of intestines and haemorrhages on lungs. Antibiogram revealed that the isolates were highly sensitive to drugs like amikacin (89.47%), imipenem (84.21%), meropenem (78.95%) and cefoperazone-sulbactam (84.21%) but resistant to tetracycline (68.42%), piperacillin (63.16%), oxacillin (52.63%), mecilinam (47.37%) and others.</div>

<div style="text-align: justify;">Mice pathology study of toxA and exoS genes bearing <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa </em>isolated from bovine Sub-clinical mastitis in West Bengal with their Antibiogram</div>

<div><strong>Background: </strong>Main objective of this study is to isolate and characterize halo tolerant plant growth promoting endophytic bacteria from leaves and pneumatophores of mangrove plant<em> Avicennia officinalis</em> L. Isolates were also screened for their ability to provide resistance to extreme salt tolerance and temperatures and to produce exo enzymatic activity like catalase, amylase, protease, phosphate solubilization and plant growth promoting hormone (Indole 3-acetic acid).<br />
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<strong>Methods:</strong> The present study was carried out during 2020-21 to 2021-22 at field and laboratory level. Eleven endophytic bacterial isolates were obtained from mangrove <em>Avicennia officinalis</em> L. grown at coastal region of Corangi Wildlife Sanctuary, East Godavari. All Isolates were enumerated, purified and preserved for further studies.<br />
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<strong>Result:</strong> Out of eleven isolates obtained bacteria &ldquo;AOL2&rdquo; isolated from leaves of <em>Avicennia officinalis</em> L. was found promising in production of exo enzymes, Indole 3-acetic acid (IAA) and phosphate solubilization parameters. Isolate AOL2 was a Gram&rsquo;s negative, motile, moderately halophilic, rod shaped diplobacilli which grows optimally at 32&deg;C, pH 8.3 and had a salt tolerance of 10% NaCl. Microbial identification was carried out by morphological, biochemical and by 16S rRNA sequence. Based on nucleotide homology and phylogenetic analysis isolate AOL2 showed high degree of resemblance with <em>Salinicola salarius</em>. On the basis of the experimental findings, strain <em>Salinicola salarius</em> AOL2 had a capability in producing plant growth promoting substances, exo enzymes, phosphate solubilization ability and was first reported in endophytic bacteria isolated from <em>Avicennia officinalis</em> L. that can be studied further.</div>


<p>Screening and Isolation of Plant Growth Promoting, Halotolerant Endophytic Bacteria from Mangrove Plant <em>Avicennia officinalis</em> L. at Coastal Region of Corangi Andhra Pradesh</p>


Mice pathology study of toxA and exoS genes bearing Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from bovine Sub-clinical mastitis in West Bengal with their Antibiogram

Screening and Isolation of Plant Growth Promoting, Halotolerant Endophytic Bacteria from Mangrove Plant Avicennia officinalis L. at Coastal Region of Corangi Andhra Pradesh