Background: The physiological changes associated with aging often predispose individuals to anemia and cardiovascular dysfunction, prompting interest in natural interventions that may support hematological and vascular health. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of honey supplementation on hemoglobin levels and blood pressure in elderly individuals. 
&nbsp; 
Methods: A double-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted in Makassar, Indonesia, involving 44 participants aged over 60 years. The intervention group received 10 milliliters of pure honey daily for two months, while the control group received standard nutritional counseling. Hemoglobin and blood pressure measurements were collected at baseline and post-intervention. 
&nbsp; 
Result: The results revealed a statistically significant increase in hemoglobin levels in the honey group, with a mean rise of 1.18 grams per deciliter, indicating honey&rsquo;s potential to enhance erythropoiesis and improve hematological status through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, no significant changes were observed in systolic or diastolic blood pressure. This research contributes to the growing field of functional food science by offering empirical evidence on honey&rsquo;s role in elderly care and guiding future integrative health interventions.

Effects of Honey Supplementation on Hemoglobin and Blood Pressure in Elderly: A Double-blind RCT in Indonesia

<div style="text-align: justify;">The economy of the developing country like India predominantly depends on agriculture and development of it emphasizes on the need of related information to be transferred to the farmers. Now-a-days Information and Communication Technology (ICT) plays a vital role in every sector of development. The country like India is increasingly integrating ICT into its national development plan and adopting strategies for its wide spread promotion for transforming the nation into a knowledge vibrant e-learning society. The farmers are also showing interest towards ICT. A positive attitude towards ICT will surely enhance this interest towards harnessing benefits out of it on a sustained basis. As attitude depends upon the socio-personal disposition of an individual, the present study tried to tress out those factors in relation to use of ICT. The study was conducted in Cooch Behar district of West Bengal. An attitude scale was used to generate data. From the study, it has been found that family education, asset possession, management orientation and communication behaviour are significantly associated with the development of favourable attitude towards use of ICT tools. &nbsp;</div>

<div style="text-align: justify;">Socio-Personal Determinants of Farmers&rsquo; Attitude towards Information and Communication Technology (ICT)&nbsp;</div>

<div>Background: Veterinarians in field conditions access different sources for gathering information on dairy husbandry activities. The information source used most frequently must be given due importance by the researchers and scientists to provide quality information. 
 
Methods: The present study was conducted among 120 field veterinarians of coastal Odisha. The sources used by the respondent veterinarians were identified and analysed for the extent of usage of the sources. The mean was calculated for frequency of accessing different sources for information on dairy husbandry activities as per the data collected in a 3-point continuum scale namely Always (2), Sometimes (1) and Never (0) and ranks were assigned accordingly. The effect of different independent variables on different information sources was analysed using one way ANOVA. 
 
Result: It was reported that usage of internet by the respondents was ranked 1st followed by WhatsApp 2nd, Personal contact 3rd, Phone calls 4th, Technical literatures 5th, books 6th, journals 7th, TV 8th, Apps 9th, SMS 10th and email 11th respectively. It was observed that the female respondent veterinarians were using books and journals significantly more than their male counterparts. Significant difference was observed in usage of books for acquiring information between the respondent veterinarians of young age group (up to 35 years) and old age group (&gt;50 years). Significant differences were observed between the respondent veterinarians with &lt;10 years of job experience and &gt;20 years of experience for using personal contact method with the lower estimates for the higher experienced group.&nbsp;</div>

A Relationship between Socio-personal Characteristics with the Extent of Accessing Different Information Sources on Dairy Husbandry Activities by Field Veterinarians in Coastal Odisha

<div style="text-align: justify;">A study was conducted to explore the role of extension personal suggestions to mitigate the effect of climate change in agriculture. Study area was four districts from southern and northern zone of Haryana namely Karnal, Kurukhestra, Rewari and Bhiwani. The results showed that vast majority of respondents suggested about new technology like laser land leveler, zero tillage, seed treatment technique, water conservation technology, micro irrigation technology and poly house. Whereas, suggestions about enhancing the farmer knowledge about different subsidy plan guide about crop insurance, soil/water testing and advice to come in Kissan Mela were maximum to mitigate the impact of climate change. Data further revealed that maximum extension personnel agreed on that they suggest strategies like &nbsp;guidance about crop insurance, to lower down the input cost and for better adaptation to climate change.&nbsp;</div>

<div style="text-align: justify;">Role of extension personal for transfer of information on climate change in agriculture: A case study of Haryana, India</div>

<div style="text-align: justify;">Background: The MGNREGA was notified by Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India in September, 2005. The Act provides legal guarantee of at least one hundred days of wage-employment to a rural household, whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work in a financial year. The Act encompasses all areas concerning registration, plan formulation, implementation, timely payment of wages, grievance redressal mechanism, right to information, rendering of accounts, periodical meetings for fulfilling statutory requirement of providing 100 days guaranteed employment to rural households who volunteer to do unskilled manual labour.&nbsp; Methods: The present research is based on the secondary sources of data and empirical analysis of the data is conducted by using some basic statistical tools like percentage and graphs analysis of various variables in the study. Result: Since the implementation of MGNREGA, the number of households issued job cards increased from 4.97 lakh in 2008-09 to 12.53 lakh in 2017-18, thus showing a significant increase. The number of households who demanded employment and the level of employment in the State has also shown an upward trend and the number of person days of employment generated has increased from 32.3 to 84.61 lakhs and the total person days of employment provided the share of SCs STs and others has also been increased from 1.7, 7.5 and 23.05 to 4.09, 17.27 and 63.25 lakhs respectively. Although the share of employment of SCs, STs&nbsp;and women in the total employment has shown an increasing trend through-out the reference period but there is a large number of SCs and STs who have not yet got registered under MGNREGA and the increase in women participation is still far below the 33% share as enshrined in the guidelines of the Act.</div>

<div style="text-align: justify;">Implementation and Performance of MGNREGA in Jammu and Kashmir A Decadal Study</div>

<div style="text-align:justify">Background: Perception is the way something is regarded/understood. It is mainly created by two factors; one is physiological and another is psychological characteristics of the human being. Thus, perception is not only physiological process that is what one sees with the eyes it is a much more complex process involving psychological process too, by which any person selectively assimilates and gives meaning to the stimuli in the environment. It is subjective process, thatis why different people perceive the same stimuli in different manner. The current study aimed to study the factors affecting perception of farm families towards farming as an occupation. 
Methods: The present study was conducted to ascertain the factors affecting perception of farm families towards farming as an occupation. The results are based on the perspective of different researchers.&nbsp; 
Result: There were six major factorsidentified namely economic, socio-cultural, physical, personal, psychological and push and pull factors affecting perception. The economic factors comprised of variables like income, cost of agricultural production and vicious cycle of debt and loan in farming and socio-cultural factors had variables like professional and social status of farming along with family influence affecting children occupational choice. Personal factors consisted of personal interest and satisfaction of farmers derived from farming while physical factors included hard work and lack of resources along with hazardous working conditions in farming. Stress prevalentamong farmers and satisfaction of farmers either with farming income or its status and risk associated with farming as a profession were studied under psychological factors. Push and pull factors comprised the reasons of farm families attracting towards urban areas for achieving better employment avenues and higher social status and prestige associated with other occupations.</div>

Factors Affecting Perception of Farm Families Towards Farming as an Occupation

<div>Background: This study assessed the perceived influence of agricultural extension on cassava production in southern Nigeria. Specifically, the study sought to; ascertain the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents, identify the perceived influence of agricultural extension on cassava production in the study area and constraints in the production of cassava by farmers in the study area.&nbsp;&nbsp; 
 
Methods: The study adopted a multi-stage sampling technique. Stage one was a purposive selection of municipalities in Southern Nigeria due to its endowment with cassava production. Stage two involved a random selection of five (5) municipalities in Southern Nigeria namely; Uyo, Calabar, Umuahia, Abakaliki and Owerri. Stage three equally involved a random selected of twenty (20) respondents from each of the municipals, giving a total of hundred (100) respondents used for the study. Data were obtained from primary sources using structured interview schedule. Objectives were analysed using descriptive statistics such as; percentage, frequency, mean, rank and standard deviation. 
 
Result: The result on the house hold size showed that 39% had between 6-10 persons, while 27% had 11-15 persons, 21% had 1-5 persons. Also 13% had 16 and above number of persons. The result also revealed that the respondents observed help in reducing soil compartment, training of farmers on pest/disease control, production practices, processing and marketing with mean scores of <img alt="" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAgAAAAKCAYAAACJxx+AAAABIklEQVQoFR3OzyuDYQDA8SeRlMMOLrIUxYWD5mSHpRy0cDCkrTkoN3MQklYO3NyUOCvKP+DIYS4O5NfNymGrzV5t74/9et73efd8mfu3T18B4Fk2U/1B+oSgq7MD0dmN6Bng/qWEwK+DL8GqgW0Dkjpg+FDUIPCKGF/vhIKDDAcC5PJvnF6eIXqHmFw6QKAN0BWuL8452t+jRZnM6wMTs6vkAKF0G5R8fjyT2lin4TpEojNkDROzHXi4SOWgZIm1+AIr8QQFy8FSTSQK0WpVgQqFfIbpyAjpw2PkvykxdRGB66DlN6nNeexqllgsiVH2aeLSwEJgWyQX53h8usNHsrOV5ubqFgXU8BEn27uEx8cwa2XqWrEcTRAaDfNjejT/Jn8Bgqj79E6h3/gAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" /> = 2.43, <img alt="" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAgAAAAKCAYAAACJxx+AAAABIklEQVQoFR3OzyuDYQDA8SeRlMMOLrIUxYWD5mSHpRy0cDCkrTkoN3MQklYO3NyUOCvKP+DIYS4O5NfNymGrzV5t74/9et73efd8mfu3T18B4Fk2U/1B+oSgq7MD0dmN6Bng/qWEwK+DL8GqgW0Dkjpg+FDUIPCKGF/vhIKDDAcC5PJvnF6eIXqHmFw6QKAN0BWuL8452t+jRZnM6wMTs6vkAKF0G5R8fjyT2lin4TpEojNkDROzHXi4SOWgZIm1+AIr8QQFy8FSTSQK0WpVgQqFfIbpyAjpw2PkvykxdRGB66DlN6nNeexqllgsiVH2aeLSwEJgWyQX53h8usNHsrOV5ubqFgXU8BEn27uEx8cwa2XqWrEcTRAaDfNjejT/Jn8Bgqj79E6h3/gAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" /> = 2.27,&nbsp;<img alt="" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAgAAAAKCAYAAACJxx+AAAABIklEQVQoFR3OzyuDYQDA8SeRlMMOLrIUxYWD5mSHpRy0cDCkrTkoN3MQklYO3NyUOCvKP+DIYS4O5NfNymGrzV5t74/9et73efd8mfu3T18B4Fk2U/1B+oSgq7MD0dmN6Bng/qWEwK+DL8GqgW0Dkjpg+FDUIPCKGF/vhIKDDAcC5PJvnF6eIXqHmFw6QKAN0BWuL8452t+jRZnM6wMTs6vkAKF0G5R8fjyT2lin4TpEojNkDROzHXi4SOWgZIm1+AIr8QQFy8FSTSQK0WpVgQqFfIbpyAjpw2PkvykxdRGB66DlN6nNeexqllgsiVH2aeLSwEJgWyQX53h8usNHsrOV5ubqFgXU8BEn27uEx8cwa2XqWrEcTRAaDfNjejT/Jn8Bgqj79E6h3/gAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" /> = 1.92,&nbsp;<img alt="" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAgAAAAKCAYAAACJxx+AAAABIklEQVQoFR3OzyuDYQDA8SeRlMMOLrIUxYWD5mSHpRy0cDCkrTkoN3MQklYO3NyUOCvKP+DIYS4O5NfNymGrzV5t74/9et73efd8mfu3T18B4Fk2U/1B+oSgq7MD0dmN6Bng/qWEwK+DL8GqgW0Dkjpg+FDUIPCKGF/vhIKDDAcC5PJvnF6eIXqHmFw6QKAN0BWuL8452t+jRZnM6wMTs6vkAKF0G5R8fjyT2lin4TpEojNkDROzHXi4SOWgZIm1+AIr8QQFy8FSTSQK0WpVgQqFfIbpyAjpw2PkvykxdRGB66DlN6nNeexqllgsiVH2aeLSwEJgWyQX53h8usNHsrOV5ubqFgXU8BEn27uEx8cwa2XqWrEcTRAaDfNjejT/Jn8Bgqj79E6h3/gAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" /> = 1.86 and <img alt="" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAgAAAAKCAYAAACJxx+AAAABIklEQVQoFR3OzyuDYQDA8SeRlMMOLrIUxYWD5mSHpRy0cDCkrTkoN3MQklYO3NyUOCvKP+DIYS4O5NfNymGrzV5t74/9et73efd8mfu3T18B4Fk2U/1B+oSgq7MD0dmN6Bng/qWEwK+DL8GqgW0Dkjpg+FDUIPCKGF/vhIKDDAcC5PJvnF6eIXqHmFw6QKAN0BWuL8452t+jRZnM6wMTs6vkAKF0G5R8fjyT2lin4TpEojNkDROzHXi4SOWgZIm1+AIr8QQFy8FSTSQK0WpVgQqFfIbpyAjpw2PkvykxdRGB66DlN6nNeexqllgsiVH2aeLSwEJgWyQX53h8usNHsrOV5ubqFgXU8BEn27uEx8cwa2XqWrEcTRAaDfNjejT/Jn8Bgqj79E6h3/gAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" /> =1.69 respectively; as perceived influence of extension on cassava production. This implied that extension workers had no significant influence on cassava production in the study area, this may be attributed to inadequate funding of extension services in Nigeria. Majority (60%) believed that language barrier and unfavourable attitude of farmers with mean of <img alt="" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAgAAAAKCAYAAACJxx+AAAABIklEQVQoFR3OzyuDYQDA8SeRlMMOLrIUxYWD5mSHpRy0cDCkrTkoN3MQklYO3NyUOCvKP+DIYS4O5NfNymGrzV5t74/9et73efd8mfu3T18B4Fk2U/1B+oSgq7MD0dmN6Bng/qWEwK+DL8GqgW0Dkjpg+FDUIPCKGF/vhIKDDAcC5PJvnF6eIXqHmFw6QKAN0BWuL8452t+jRZnM6wMTs6vkAKF0G5R8fjyT2lin4TpEojNkDROzHXi4SOWgZIm1+AIr8QQFy8FSTSQK0WpVgQqFfIbpyAjpw2PkvykxdRGB66DlN6nNeexqllgsiVH2aeLSwEJgWyQX53h8usNHsrOV5ubqFgXU8BEn27uEx8cwa2XqWrEcTRAaDfNjejT/Jn8Bgqj79E6h3/gAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" /> = 2.43 and <img alt="" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAgAAAAKCAYAAACJxx+AAAABIklEQVQoFR3OzyuDYQDA8SeRlMMOLrIUxYWD5mSHpRy0cDCkrTkoN3MQklYO3NyUOCvKP+DIYS4O5NfNymGrzV5t74/9et73efd8mfu3T18B4Fk2U/1B+oSgq7MD0dmN6Bng/qWEwK+DL8GqgW0Dkjpg+FDUIPCKGF/vhIKDDAcC5PJvnF6eIXqHmFw6QKAN0BWuL8452t+jRZnM6wMTs6vkAKF0G5R8fjyT2lin4TpEojNkDROzHXi4SOWgZIm1+AIr8QQFy8FSTSQK0WpVgQqFfIbpyAjpw2PkvykxdRGB66DlN6nNeexqllgsiVH2aeLSwEJgWyQX53h8usNHsrOV5ubqFgXU8BEn27uEx8cwa2XqWrEcTRAaDfNjejT/Jn8Bgqj79E6h3/gAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" /> = 2.42 respectively were the constraints of agricultural extension workers in enhancing cassava production in the study area. This implied that influence of extension agents in the area may not be significant. This may be due to ineffectiveness of extension services in Nigeria. the study concluded that, rural farmers need to be involved in the mainstream of extension services in order to identify and prioritize their production activities. The study therefore, recommended that agricultural extension workers should be involved in all areas of agricultural production and not on cassava production alone, so as to improve on the gross domestic production of the nation.</div>

Perceived Influence of Agricultural Extension on Cassava Production by the Farmers in Southern Nigeria

The study aimed at specifying the involvement of rural youth in agricultural activities. The rural youth were actively involved in production and marketing activities bit empirical data to support it was lacking on their participation. The study has been conducted on a sample of 120 rural youth who were already engaged in agriculture from randomly selected six village of Ludhiana district. The data was collected through personal interview schedule. The interview schedule composed of two parts: one for personal characteristics and, the second, information about their involvement in agricultural activities in different crops. The schedule consisted of common field activities. Against each activity, it was designed to obtain responses as fully involved, partially involved/supervised and not involved. The scoring pattern was 3, 2, and 1 for fully involved, partially involved/supervised and not involved. The results revealed that the majority of the respondents were either fully involved or partially involved with regard to common agricultural activities of land preparation. Majority the respondents were fully participated in most of the major activities such as variety selection, sowing and marketing in all crops that were grown by them except in transplanting in case of paddy where they were partially involved. Again majority of them were partially involved in harvesting, disease and pest management and fertilization. Education and extension participation involvement in the cultivation of fodder were found to be positively correlated. Family type, Farming experience, Operational land holding and Extension participation were significantly and positively co-related with the involvement in summer moong, potatoes and berseem.

Involvement of rural youth in agricultural activities&nbsp;in Ludhiana district of Punjab, India&nbsp;

<div>Background: Therapeutic horticulture (TH), as an adjuvant for mental health, attracts health care specialists to evidence-based therapy approaches. However, the effectiveness of plants as elicitors and in improving patient outcomes is still uncertain in practice. Hence, the study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of different therapeutic approaches for shift work disorder amongst securities with poor sleep quality. 
 
Methods: Sixty securities working in night shifts were selected for the study and 30 participants were assigned to the intervention group and 30 to the control group through pre-test post-test control design. The intervention and the control groups were tested for the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the Inclusion of nature self scale (INS), the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Physical (Blood pressure, Heart rate), personal and psychological well-being.&nbsp;The horticulture interventions through combination of virtual reality, gardening, potpourri making, chamomile tea intake, aromatherapy and pot painting were provided for the experimental group. 
 
Result: The therapy has brought fascinating results in decreasing stress, improving the sleep and better well being of the subjects. The pre-test value for the Pittsburg sleep quality index indicated a sleep deprivation score of 13.27&plusmn;2.38 during the pre-test and it has improved the sleep level with a post-test value of 6.10&plusmn;2.23. The drop in blood pressure for the systolic/diastolic blood pressure from 138.30&plusmn;21.02/85.13&plusmn;12.59 (Pre-test) to 127.93&plusmn;14.80/81.90&plusmn;11.07 (Post-test) has been a good sign of therapeutic approaches at p&lt;0.001. The values are also significant for personal and psychological well being and the subjective feedback results shows, among the therapies the virtual reality garden viewing followed by potpourri and pot painting showed higher rankings. Therapeutic horticulture being benign and non-threatening will undoubtedly expand and can take upon as one of the sustainable approaches in kindling the senses and improving daytime sleep for night shift workers.</div>

Combining Virtual Reality with Horticulture Therapy for Shift Work Disorder among Healthcare Security Personnel

Background: In most developing countries poultry farming is owned by small business owners, farmers and their families. The broiler industry has fewer climate restrictions and more adaptability and in this sector entrepreneurial activities are still unexplored in India. The purpose of this study was to look into the production performance, income and employment generation of broiler production in Morena district of M.P. 
 
Methods: The broiler farms of the Morena district were identified with the help of Veterinary department personnel, commercial hatchery persons and poultry feed manufacturers and a list of 50 farms, was prepared. The list was arranged in the ascending order of the number of birds kept on a farm. From this list, 30 such farms were selected that were continuously in production for at least one year and where proper records were maintained. The list was divided into three categories based upon the number of birds viz. small farm group (below 1999 birds), medium farm group (2000 to 4999 birds) and large farm group (5000 and above birds). 5 farms were selected randomly from each farm category. Information was gathered by visiting selected chicken farms and interviewing the owners using a prepared questionnaire. The research study was conducted under the Department of A.H. and Dairying, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P.). The data were collected for the duration 2019-20. 
 
Results: The present study documented the mean feed conversion ratio, mean Livability percent, mean weight and age at marketing of broilers as 1.83, 95.82 percent, 2.38 kg and 43.8 days respectively for sample as a whole. The average total cost per bird was Rs 161.35. The gross return and net return per bird is found as Rs 185.27 and Rs 23.92 respectively. The benefit-cost ratio is worked out to be 1.15 for the sample as a whole. Rs 6.84 is spent on labour per bird in one production cycle of 56 days. Thus Rs 65664 per farm is spent on employment of labour in 56 days. On the basis of 8 hours working, 3.43 persons have been employed per farm. The statistical analysis using ANOVA found that there is a significant relationship between income and farm size, BCR and farm size.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Effects of Honey Supplementation on Hemoglobin and Blood Pressure in Elderly: A Double-blind RCT in Indonesia

Socio-Personal Determinants of Farmers’ Attitude towards Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

A Relationship between Socio-personal Characteristics with the Extent of Accessing Different Information Sources on Dairy Husbandry Activities by Field Veterinarians in Coastal Odisha

Role of extension personal for transfer of information on climate change in agriculture: A case study of Haryana, India

Implementation and Performance of MGNREGA in Jammu and Kashmir A Decadal Study

Factors Affecting Perception of Farm Families Towards Farming as an Occupation

Perceived Influence of Agricultural Extension on Cassava Production by the Farmers in Southern Nigeria

Involvement of rural youth in agricultural activities in Ludhiana district of Punjab, India

Combining Virtual Reality with Horticulture Therapy for Shift Work Disorder among Healthcare Security Personnel

Production Performance, Income and Employment Generation through Broiler Business: Revelations in Morena District of Madhya Pradesh