<div>Background: Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a globally important grain and vegetable legume crop, providing a substantial portion of the diet protein and minerals for many people in the developing world. However, the genetic studies and improvement on this crop has long been impeded by its recalcitrance to Agrobacterium-mediated whole plant genetic transformation. Established Agrobacterium rhizogenes-based hairy root transformation in common bean heavily relies on the strain K599. 
 
Methods: In order to develop an efficient alternative protocol for hair transformation in common bean, the efficiency of Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain R1000 in inducing hairy roots from 6-day-old seedlings with root below cotyledons excised by the soaking and smearing method were tested. The binary plasmid pBI121 with the reporter gene GUS (pBI121-GUS) or eGFP (pBI121-eGFP) driven by the constitutive promoter was used for transformation and rapid identification of the transgenic hairy roots.&nbsp; &nbsp; 
 
Result: We established a strain R1000-based system for the induction of hairy roots in common bean. The plant receptor genotypes and infection methods were optimized, which led to a high transformation rate of hairy roots up to 60%. This method therefore provides a useful alternative means for functional genomic studies in common bean.</div>

​​An Agrobacterium rhizogenes Strain R1000-mediated Efficient Hairy Root Transformation Protocol for Common Bean

Background: Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a major food legume with high nutritional value and economic importance globally. A remarkable attribute of this plant is its propensity to generate adventitious roots from petioles of detached leaves when moisture is appropriate. This distinctive feature presents promising prospects for harnessing petioles in the facilitation of transgenic hairy root production. 
 
Methods: We achieved the successful induction of transgenic hairy roots from common bean petioles through the utilization of Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain K599. Our experimentation encompassed a diverse array of common bean varieties and leaves of varying ages. Subsequently, we refined and optimized the procedure for hairy root induction.&nbsp; 
 
Result: Our investigations have revealed that the most conducive conditions for hairy root transformation with K599 are attained using 5-day-old leaves from the cultivar &lsquo;Honghuaqingjia&rsquo;, exhibiting a remarkable induction efficiency of 59%. The usefulness of this system was demonstrated through a subcellular localization analysis of the transcription&nbsp;factor PvTCP2 protein in combination with GFP (Green Fluorescent Protein).

​​An Agrobacterium rhizogenes Strain R1000-mediated Efficient Hairy Root Transformation Protocol for Common Bean

An Efficient Hairy Root Transformation Method for Common Bean based on Petiole Explants

An Agrobacterium rhizogenes Strain R1000-mediated Efficient Hairy Root Transformation Protocol for Common Bean