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Research Article

volume 43 issue 4 (august 2020) : 495-500,   Doi: 10.18805/LR-529

Protein Content and Seed Trait Analysis in a Subset of the USDA, ARS, PGRCU Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] Core Collection

J
J.B. Morris
B
B.D. Tonnis
M
M.L. Wang
1United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Georgia, United States.

  • Submitted05-10-2019|

  • Accepted29-12-2019|

  • First Online 15-04-2020|

  • doi 10.18805/LR-529

Cite article:- Morris J.B., Tonnis B.D., Wang M.L. (2020). Protein Content and Seed Trait Analysis in a Subset of the USDA, ARS, PGRCU Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] Core Collection. Legume Research. 43(4): 495-500. doi: 10.18805/LR-529.

ABSTRACT

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp is used as a vegetable and feedcrop worldwide, but knowledge is limited regarding the variability and correlations for protein and seed traits within a cowpea core collection. We analyzed protein content and seed trait data from the cowpea core collection representing 111 accessions. The accession PI 354729 produced the significantly highest protein content of 25.527%. Eight Indian cowpea accessions produced significantly high protein content averaging 24.423%. Protein content was significantly correlated with seed pattern (r2 = 0.274***), seed texture (r2 = 0.346***), seed coat color (r2 = 0.136*) and seed pattern significantly correlated with seed texture (r2 = 0.197**). However, protein content showed a significant negative correlation (r2 =-0.333***) with 100 seed weight. One hundred seed weight (gm) showed significantly negative correlations with seed pattern (r2 = -0.191**) and seed texture (r2 = -0.265***). Seed coat color showed a significant negative correlation with seed pattern (r2 = -0.14). Based on these results, potential cowpea cultivars could be developed with improved protein content and morphological seed traits.

REFERENCES

  1. Ajeigbe, H.A., Ihedioha, D., Chikoye, D. (2008). Variation in physicochemical properties of seedof selected improved varieties of cowpea as it relates to industrial utilization of the crop. African Journal of Biotechnology. 7: 3642-3647. 
  2. Alghamdi, S.S., Khan, M.A., Migdadi, H.M., El-Harty, E.H., Afzal, M., Farooq, M. (2019). Biochemical and molecular characterization of cowpea landraces using seed storage proteins and SRAP marker patterns. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 26: 74-82.
  3. Brandenberger, L., Shrefler, J., Damicone, J., Rebek, E. (2007). Southern pea production. Oklahoma State University Cooperative Extension Service Fact Sheet HLA-6029.
  4. Chavan, A.S., Khafi, M.R., Raj, A.D., Parmar, R.M. (2012). Effect of potassium and zinc on yield, protein content and uptake of micronutrients on cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.]    Walp.]. Agricultural Science Digest. 32: 175-177.
  5. Das, S., Dewanjee, A.M., Sarkar, K.K. (2015). Breeding mungbean [Vigna radiate (L.) Wilczek] for development of high yielding protein rich lines with low trypsin inhibitor. Legume Research-An International Journal. 3: 447-451.
  6. Fery Richard L. (2002). New opportunities in Vigna. In: Janick J and Whipkey A (eds) Trends in new crops and new uses. Alexandria,VA, USA: ASHS Press, pp. 424-428.
  7. Frota, K.M.G., Mendonca, S., Saldiva, P.H.N., Cruz, R.J., Areas, J.A.G. (2008). Cholesterol-lowering properties of whole cowpea seed and its protein isolate in hamsters. Journal of Food Science. 73: H235-H240. 
  8. Gupta, P., Singh, R., Malhotra, S., Boora, K.S., Singal, H. R. (2010). Characterization of seed storage proteins in high protein genotypes of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants. 16: 53-58.
  9. Henshaw,F.O.(2008). Varietal differences in physical characteristics and proximate composition of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). World Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 4: 302-306.
  10. Iqbal, A., Khalil, I.A., Ateeq, N., Khan, M.S. (2006). Nutritional quality of important food-legumes. Food Chemistry. 97: 331-335.
  11. Itatat, S.L., Nworgu, E.C., Ikpe, E.N., Osakwe, J.A. (2013). Evaluation of the protein contents of selected cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] varieties for production in Port Harcourt. Acta Agronomica Nigeriana. 13: 71-75.
  12. Jayathilake, C., Visvanathan, R., Deen, A., Bangamuwage, R., Jayawardana, B.C., Nammi, S., Jukanti, A.K., Dagla, H.R., Kalwani, D., Goswami, J.M., Upendra, R.K.K.,Bhatt, R.K. (2017). Grain protein estimation and SDS-PAGE profiling of six important arid legumes. Legume Research-    An International Journal. 40: 485-490.
  13. Liyanage. R. (2018). Cowpea: an overview on its nutritional facts and health benefits. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 98: 4793-4806.
  14. Kochhar, N., Walker, A.F., Pike, D.J. (1988). Effect of variety on protein content, amino acid composition and trypsin inhibitor activity of cowpeas. Food Chemistry. 29: 65-78. 
  15. Mariotti, F., Tome, D., Mirand, P.P. (2008). Converting nitrogen into protein – beyond 6.25 and Jones’ factors. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 48: 177-184.
  16. National Plant Germplasm System. (2019). Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Database Management Unit (DBMU). National Plant Germplasm System, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville.
  17. Rangel, A., Saraiva, K., Schwengber, P., Narciso, M.S., Domont, G.B., Ferreira, S.T., Pedrosa, C. (2004).Biological evaluation of a protein isolate from cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) seeds. Food Chemistry. 87: 491-499. 
  18. Ravelombola, W.S., Shi, A., Weng, Y., Motes, D., Chen, P., Srivastava, V., Wingfield, C. (2016). Evaluation of total seed protein content in eleven Arkansas cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] lines. American Journal of Plant Sciences. 7: 2288-2296.
  19. SAS. (2012). Cary, NC: SAS Institute.
  20. Singh, A.B. (2001). Influence of phenolic compounds on yield and protein quality of green gram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]. Legume Research-An International Journal. 24(4).
  21. Ubini, A. Richard, Idegba, C.M., Isaac, I.E., Ileleji, Alfred, Bozeinghien, H. (2016). Seed protein content variation in cowpea genotypes. African Journal of Plant Breeding. 3: 143-147.
  22. US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. (2019). Food Data Central. fdc.nal.usda.gov.
  23. Weng, Y., Qin, J., Eaton, S., Yang, Y., Ravelombola, W.S., Shi, A. (2019). Evaluation of seed protein content in USDA cowpea germplasm. Hort. Science. 54: 814-817.
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    Research Article

    volume 43 issue 4 (august 2020) : 495-500,   Doi: 10.18805/LR-529

    Protein Content and Seed Trait Analysis in a Subset of the USDA, ARS, PGRCU Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] Core Collection

    J
    J.B. Morris
    B
    B.D. Tonnis
    M
    M.L. Wang
    1United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Georgia, United States.

    • Submitted05-10-2019|

    • Accepted29-12-2019|

    • First Online 15-04-2020|

    • doi 10.18805/LR-529

    Cite article:- Morris J.B., Tonnis B.D., Wang M.L. (2020). Protein Content and Seed Trait Analysis in a Subset of the USDA, ARS, PGRCU Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] Core Collection. Legume Research. 43(4): 495-500. doi: 10.18805/LR-529.

    ABSTRACT

    Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp is used as a vegetable and feedcrop worldwide, but knowledge is limited regarding the variability and correlations for protein and seed traits within a cowpea core collection. We analyzed protein content and seed trait data from the cowpea core collection representing 111 accessions. The accession PI 354729 produced the significantly highest protein content of 25.527%. Eight Indian cowpea accessions produced significantly high protein content averaging 24.423%. Protein content was significantly correlated with seed pattern (r2 = 0.274***), seed texture (r2 = 0.346***), seed coat color (r2 = 0.136*) and seed pattern significantly correlated with seed texture (r2 = 0.197**). However, protein content showed a significant negative correlation (r2 =-0.333***) with 100 seed weight. One hundred seed weight (gm) showed significantly negative correlations with seed pattern (r2 = -0.191**) and seed texture (r2 = -0.265***). Seed coat color showed a significant negative correlation with seed pattern (r2 = -0.14). Based on these results, potential cowpea cultivars could be developed with improved protein content and morphological seed traits.

    REFERENCES

    1. Ajeigbe, H.A., Ihedioha, D., Chikoye, D. (2008). Variation in physicochemical properties of seedof selected improved varieties of cowpea as it relates to industrial utilization of the crop. African Journal of Biotechnology. 7: 3642-3647. 
    2. Alghamdi, S.S., Khan, M.A., Migdadi, H.M., El-Harty, E.H., Afzal, M., Farooq, M. (2019). Biochemical and molecular characterization of cowpea landraces using seed storage proteins and SRAP marker patterns. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 26: 74-82.
    3. Brandenberger, L., Shrefler, J., Damicone, J., Rebek, E. (2007). Southern pea production. Oklahoma State University Cooperative Extension Service Fact Sheet HLA-6029.
    4. Chavan, A.S., Khafi, M.R., Raj, A.D., Parmar, R.M. (2012). Effect of potassium and zinc on yield, protein content and uptake of micronutrients on cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.]    Walp.]. Agricultural Science Digest. 32: 175-177.
    5. Das, S., Dewanjee, A.M., Sarkar, K.K. (2015). Breeding mungbean [Vigna radiate (L.) Wilczek] for development of high yielding protein rich lines with low trypsin inhibitor. Legume Research-An International Journal. 3: 447-451.
    6. Fery Richard L. (2002). New opportunities in Vigna. In: Janick J and Whipkey A (eds) Trends in new crops and new uses. Alexandria,VA, USA: ASHS Press, pp. 424-428.
    7. Frota, K.M.G., Mendonca, S., Saldiva, P.H.N., Cruz, R.J., Areas, J.A.G. (2008). Cholesterol-lowering properties of whole cowpea seed and its protein isolate in hamsters. Journal of Food Science. 73: H235-H240. 
    8. Gupta, P., Singh, R., Malhotra, S., Boora, K.S., Singal, H. R. (2010). Characterization of seed storage proteins in high protein genotypes of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants. 16: 53-58.
    9. Henshaw,F.O.(2008). Varietal differences in physical characteristics and proximate composition of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). World Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 4: 302-306.
    10. Iqbal, A., Khalil, I.A., Ateeq, N., Khan, M.S. (2006). Nutritional quality of important food-legumes. Food Chemistry. 97: 331-335.
    11. Itatat, S.L., Nworgu, E.C., Ikpe, E.N., Osakwe, J.A. (2013). Evaluation of the protein contents of selected cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] varieties for production in Port Harcourt. Acta Agronomica Nigeriana. 13: 71-75.
    12. Jayathilake, C., Visvanathan, R., Deen, A., Bangamuwage, R., Jayawardana, B.C., Nammi, S., Jukanti, A.K., Dagla, H.R., Kalwani, D., Goswami, J.M., Upendra, R.K.K.,Bhatt, R.K. (2017). Grain protein estimation and SDS-PAGE profiling of six important arid legumes. Legume Research-    An International Journal. 40: 485-490.
    13. Liyanage. R. (2018). Cowpea: an overview on its nutritional facts and health benefits. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 98: 4793-4806.
    14. Kochhar, N., Walker, A.F., Pike, D.J. (1988). Effect of variety on protein content, amino acid composition and trypsin inhibitor activity of cowpeas. Food Chemistry. 29: 65-78. 
    15. Mariotti, F., Tome, D., Mirand, P.P. (2008). Converting nitrogen into protein – beyond 6.25 and Jones’ factors. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 48: 177-184.
    16. National Plant Germplasm System. (2019). Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Database Management Unit (DBMU). National Plant Germplasm System, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville.
    17. Rangel, A., Saraiva, K., Schwengber, P., Narciso, M.S., Domont, G.B., Ferreira, S.T., Pedrosa, C. (2004).Biological evaluation of a protein isolate from cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) seeds. Food Chemistry. 87: 491-499. 
    18. Ravelombola, W.S., Shi, A., Weng, Y., Motes, D., Chen, P., Srivastava, V., Wingfield, C. (2016). Evaluation of total seed protein content in eleven Arkansas cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] lines. American Journal of Plant Sciences. 7: 2288-2296.
    19. SAS. (2012). Cary, NC: SAS Institute.
    20. Singh, A.B. (2001). Influence of phenolic compounds on yield and protein quality of green gram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]. Legume Research-An International Journal. 24(4).
    21. Ubini, A. Richard, Idegba, C.M., Isaac, I.E., Ileleji, Alfred, Bozeinghien, H. (2016). Seed protein content variation in cowpea genotypes. African Journal of Plant Breeding. 3: 143-147.
    22. US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. (2019). Food Data Central. fdc.nal.usda.gov.
    23. Weng, Y., Qin, J., Eaton, S., Yang, Y., Ravelombola, W.S., Shi, A. (2019). Evaluation of seed protein content in USDA cowpea germplasm. Hort. Science. 54: 814-817.
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