Banner
Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive
Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

Short Communication

volume 42 issue 2 (april 2019) : 168-172,   Doi: 10.18805/LR-428

Evaluation of diverse cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] germplasm accessions for drought tolerance

K
K.D. Nkoana
A
Abe Shegro Gerrano
E
E.T. Gwata
1Agricultural Research Council-Vegetable and Ornamental Plants, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa.

  • Submitted09-05-2018|

  • Accepted15-10-2018|

  • First Online 31-01-2019|

  • doi 10.18805/LR-428

Cite article:- Nkoana K.D., Gerrano Shegro Abe, Gwata E.T. (2019). Evaluation of diverse cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] germplasm accessions for drought tolerance. Legume Research. 42(2): 168-172. doi: 10.18805/LR-428.

ABSTRACT

The genetic potential for drought tolerance in cowpea within the small holder sector has not been fully exploited in South Africa. Thus, a drought evaluation experiment was conducted at  the ARC-VOP to evaluate 28 cowpea germplasm accessions including two controls viz. IT96D-602 (drought tolerant) and TVU7778 (susceptible to drought) in the drought screening house using plastic box evaluation method in January, 2017. Genotypes raised for three weeks were subjected to 5 weeks of water stress treatment to determine their physiological response through leaf wilting index, relative water content and proline content followed by re-watering to determine genotype (s) with ability to recover from drought stress. Analyses of variance showed highly significant differences in response to moisture stress among the cowpea accessions for the selected physiological traits except for leaf wilting index at week two of drought stress. Stem greenness and recovery appeared to be a reliable indicator of drought tolerant genotypes which was readily observed in Acc1257, Acc1168, Acc2355, IT96D-602 and Acc5352 which also correlated significantly and positively with relative water content and proline content. The genotypes responded differently to drought stress indicating that there is sufficient genetic variability that can be utilized further in breeding for drought stress within the cowpea species.

REFERENCES

  1. Anantharaju, P. and Muthiah, A.R. 2008). Screening for drought tolerance in cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp]. Legume Research, 31: 283-285. 
  2. Asiwe, J.A.N. (2009). Needs assessment of cowpea production practices, constraints and utilization in South Africa. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8: 5383 - 5388.
  3. Bates, L.S., Walden R.P. and Teare, I.D. 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water studies. Plant and Soil, 39: 205-208.
  4. Bogale, A., Tesfaye, K. and Geleto, T. (2011). Morphological and physiological attributes associated to drought tolerance of Ethiopian durum wheat genotypes under water deficit condition. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Science, 1: 22 - 36.
  5. Chiulele, R.M. and Agenbag, G.A. (2004). Plant water relations and proline accumulation on two cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] cultivars as a response to water stress. South African Journal of Plant and Soil, 21: 109 - 113.
  6. De Ronde, J. A. and Spreeth, M.H. (2007). Development and evaluation of drought resistant mutant germplasm of Vigna unguiculata. Water South Africa, 33: 381 - 386.
  7. Duncan, D. B. (1955). Multiple range and multiple F-test. Biometrics, 11: 1 - 42.
  8. Farouk, S., Amira, M.S. and Qados, A. (2013). Osmotic adjustment and yield of cowpea in response to drought stress and chitosan. Indian Journal of Applied Research, 3: 1 - 7.
  9. Fatokun, C.A., Boukar, O. and Muranaka, S. (2012). Evaluation of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] germplasm lines for tolerance to drought. Plant Genetic Resources, 10: 171 - 176.
  10. Goufo, P., Moutinho-Pereira, J.M., Jorge, T.F., Correia, C.M., Oliveira, M.R., Rosa, E. A. and Trindade, H. (2017). Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.] metabolomics: Osmoprotection as a physiological strategy for drought stress resistance and improved yield. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8: 586 - 608.
  11. Hayatu, M., Muhammad, S.Y. and Abdu, H.U. (2014). Effect of water stress on the leaf relative water content and yield of some cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp.] genotypes. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 3: 148 - 152.
  12. Kholova, J., Hash, C.T., Kumar, P.L., Yadav, R.S., Koèová, M. and Vadez, V. (2010). Terminal drought-tolerant pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] have high leaf abscisic acid and limit transpiration at high vapour pressure deficit. Journal of Experimental Botany, 61: 1431 - 1440.
  13. Massawe, F.J., Mayes, S., Cheng, A., Chai, H.H., Cleasby, P., Symonds, R. and Yanusa, Y. (2015). The potential for underutilised crops to improve food security in the face of climate change. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 29: 140 141.
  14. Mia, M.W., Yamauchi, A. and Kono, Y. (1996). Root system structure of six food legume species: Inter- and intra-specific variations. Japanese Journal of Crop Science, 65, 131 - 140.
  15. Muchero, W., Ehlers, J.D. and Roberts, P.A. (2008). Seedling stage drought-induced phenotypes and drought-responsive genes in diverse cowpea genotypes. Crop Science, 48: 541 - 552. 
  16. Muchero, W., Roberts, P.A., Diop, N.N., Drabo, I., Cisse, N., Close, T.J., Muranaka, S., Boukar, O. and Ehlers, J.D. (2013). Genetic architecture of delayed senescence, biomass, and grain yield under drought stress in cowpea. Plos One, 8: 1 -10.
  17. Payne, R.W., Murray, D.A., Harding, S.A., Baird, D.B. and Soutar, D.M. (2016). GenStat for Windows, 18th Edition, VSN International, Hemel Hempstead.
  18. Pungulani, L.L., Millner, J.P., Williams, W.M. and Banda, M. (2013). Improvement of leaf wilting scoring system in cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp.]: From qualitative scale to quantitative index. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 7: 1262 - 1269.
  19. Purushothaman, R., Zaman-Allah, M., Mallikarjuna, N., Pannirselvam, R., Krishnamurthy, L. and Gowda, C.L.L. (2013). Root anatomical traits and their possible contribution to drought tolerance in grain legumes. Plant Production Science, 16: 1 - 8. 
  20. Shinde, S.S., Kachare, D.P., Satbhai, R.D. and Naik, R.M. (2018). Water stress induced proline accumulation and antioxidative enzymes in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea). Legume Research, 41: 67-72
  21. Singh B.B., Mai-Kodomi, Y. and Terao, T. (1999). Relative drought tolerance of major rainfed crops of the semi-arid tropics. Indian Journal of Genetics, 59: 437 - 444.
  22. Zegaoui, Z., Planchais, S., Cabassa, C., Djebbar, R., Belbachir, O.A. and Carol, P. (2017). Variation in relative water content, proline accumulation and stress gene expression in two cowpea landraces under drought. Journal of Plant Physiology, 218: 26 - 34.
Published In
Legume Research
Article Metrics
Metrics Icon
0
Views
0
Citations
Reviewed By
Share Article
Download Article
In this Article
    Contact us
    Follow us

    Short Communication

    volume 42 issue 2 (april 2019) : 168-172,   Doi: 10.18805/LR-428

    Evaluation of diverse cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] germplasm accessions for drought tolerance

    K
    K.D. Nkoana
    A
    Abe Shegro Gerrano
    E
    E.T. Gwata
    1Agricultural Research Council-Vegetable and Ornamental Plants, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa.

    • Submitted09-05-2018|

    • Accepted15-10-2018|

    • First Online 31-01-2019|

    • doi 10.18805/LR-428

    Cite article:- Nkoana K.D., Gerrano Shegro Abe, Gwata E.T. (2019). Evaluation of diverse cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] germplasm accessions for drought tolerance. Legume Research. 42(2): 168-172. doi: 10.18805/LR-428.

    ABSTRACT

    The genetic potential for drought tolerance in cowpea within the small holder sector has not been fully exploited in South Africa. Thus, a drought evaluation experiment was conducted at  the ARC-VOP to evaluate 28 cowpea germplasm accessions including two controls viz. IT96D-602 (drought tolerant) and TVU7778 (susceptible to drought) in the drought screening house using plastic box evaluation method in January, 2017. Genotypes raised for three weeks were subjected to 5 weeks of water stress treatment to determine their physiological response through leaf wilting index, relative water content and proline content followed by re-watering to determine genotype (s) with ability to recover from drought stress. Analyses of variance showed highly significant differences in response to moisture stress among the cowpea accessions for the selected physiological traits except for leaf wilting index at week two of drought stress. Stem greenness and recovery appeared to be a reliable indicator of drought tolerant genotypes which was readily observed in Acc1257, Acc1168, Acc2355, IT96D-602 and Acc5352 which also correlated significantly and positively with relative water content and proline content. The genotypes responded differently to drought stress indicating that there is sufficient genetic variability that can be utilized further in breeding for drought stress within the cowpea species.

    REFERENCES

    1. Anantharaju, P. and Muthiah, A.R. 2008). Screening for drought tolerance in cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp]. Legume Research, 31: 283-285. 
    2. Asiwe, J.A.N. (2009). Needs assessment of cowpea production practices, constraints and utilization in South Africa. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8: 5383 - 5388.
    3. Bates, L.S., Walden R.P. and Teare, I.D. 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water studies. Plant and Soil, 39: 205-208.
    4. Bogale, A., Tesfaye, K. and Geleto, T. (2011). Morphological and physiological attributes associated to drought tolerance of Ethiopian durum wheat genotypes under water deficit condition. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Science, 1: 22 - 36.
    5. Chiulele, R.M. and Agenbag, G.A. (2004). Plant water relations and proline accumulation on two cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] cultivars as a response to water stress. South African Journal of Plant and Soil, 21: 109 - 113.
    6. De Ronde, J. A. and Spreeth, M.H. (2007). Development and evaluation of drought resistant mutant germplasm of Vigna unguiculata. Water South Africa, 33: 381 - 386.
    7. Duncan, D. B. (1955). Multiple range and multiple F-test. Biometrics, 11: 1 - 42.
    8. Farouk, S., Amira, M.S. and Qados, A. (2013). Osmotic adjustment and yield of cowpea in response to drought stress and chitosan. Indian Journal of Applied Research, 3: 1 - 7.
    9. Fatokun, C.A., Boukar, O. and Muranaka, S. (2012). Evaluation of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] germplasm lines for tolerance to drought. Plant Genetic Resources, 10: 171 - 176.
    10. Goufo, P., Moutinho-Pereira, J.M., Jorge, T.F., Correia, C.M., Oliveira, M.R., Rosa, E. A. and Trindade, H. (2017). Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.] metabolomics: Osmoprotection as a physiological strategy for drought stress resistance and improved yield. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8: 586 - 608.
    11. Hayatu, M., Muhammad, S.Y. and Abdu, H.U. (2014). Effect of water stress on the leaf relative water content and yield of some cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp.] genotypes. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 3: 148 - 152.
    12. Kholova, J., Hash, C.T., Kumar, P.L., Yadav, R.S., Koèová, M. and Vadez, V. (2010). Terminal drought-tolerant pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] have high leaf abscisic acid and limit transpiration at high vapour pressure deficit. Journal of Experimental Botany, 61: 1431 - 1440.
    13. Massawe, F.J., Mayes, S., Cheng, A., Chai, H.H., Cleasby, P., Symonds, R. and Yanusa, Y. (2015). The potential for underutilised crops to improve food security in the face of climate change. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 29: 140 141.
    14. Mia, M.W., Yamauchi, A. and Kono, Y. (1996). Root system structure of six food legume species: Inter- and intra-specific variations. Japanese Journal of Crop Science, 65, 131 - 140.
    15. Muchero, W., Ehlers, J.D. and Roberts, P.A. (2008). Seedling stage drought-induced phenotypes and drought-responsive genes in diverse cowpea genotypes. Crop Science, 48: 541 - 552. 
    16. Muchero, W., Roberts, P.A., Diop, N.N., Drabo, I., Cisse, N., Close, T.J., Muranaka, S., Boukar, O. and Ehlers, J.D. (2013). Genetic architecture of delayed senescence, biomass, and grain yield under drought stress in cowpea. Plos One, 8: 1 -10.
    17. Payne, R.W., Murray, D.A., Harding, S.A., Baird, D.B. and Soutar, D.M. (2016). GenStat for Windows, 18th Edition, VSN International, Hemel Hempstead.
    18. Pungulani, L.L., Millner, J.P., Williams, W.M. and Banda, M. (2013). Improvement of leaf wilting scoring system in cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp.]: From qualitative scale to quantitative index. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 7: 1262 - 1269.
    19. Purushothaman, R., Zaman-Allah, M., Mallikarjuna, N., Pannirselvam, R., Krishnamurthy, L. and Gowda, C.L.L. (2013). Root anatomical traits and their possible contribution to drought tolerance in grain legumes. Plant Production Science, 16: 1 - 8. 
    20. Shinde, S.S., Kachare, D.P., Satbhai, R.D. and Naik, R.M. (2018). Water stress induced proline accumulation and antioxidative enzymes in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea). Legume Research, 41: 67-72
    21. Singh B.B., Mai-Kodomi, Y. and Terao, T. (1999). Relative drought tolerance of major rainfed crops of the semi-arid tropics. Indian Journal of Genetics, 59: 437 - 444.
    22. Zegaoui, Z., Planchais, S., Cabassa, C., Djebbar, R., Belbachir, O.A. and Carol, P. (2017). Variation in relative water content, proline accumulation and stress gene expression in two cowpea landraces under drought. Journal of Plant Physiology, 218: 26 - 34.
    In this Article
      Contact us
      Follow us
      Published In
      Legume Research

      Editorial Board

      View all (0)