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Research Article

volume 43 issue 6 (december 2020) : 826-831,   Doi: 10.18805/LR-4250

Effect of Imidazolinones Alone and in Combination on Weed Dry Matter Accumulation in Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan L.)

A
Amit Kumar
A
A.K. Dhaka
S
Satish Kumar
S
Samunder Singh
I
Ishmadhu
1Department of Agronomy, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004, Haryana, India.

  • Submitted02-10-2019|

  • Accepted25-04-2020|

  • First Online 28-07-2020|

  • doi 10.18805/LR-4250

Cite article:- Kumar Amit, Dhaka A.K., Kumar Satish, Singh Samunder, Ishmadhu (2020). Effect of Imidazolinones Alone and in Combination on Weed Dry Matter Accumulation in Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan L.). Legume Research. 43(6): 826-831. doi: 10.18805/LR-4250.

ABSTRACT

Background: Among pulse crops, pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp] is one of the most important pulse crops of India after chick pea. Among various biotic factors limiting pigeon pea yield, weeds are of prime importance which can causes seed yield losses up to 80 per cent. Therefore, weed management is an important key factor for enhancing the productivity of pigeon pea. Imazethapyr, an herbicide of imidazolinones group has been registered for soybean, groundnut and other legumes. Various trials in different regions were conducted to study the effects of imazethapyr alone or in combination for controlling the weeds in different crops but in pigeon pea limited research were conducted. Therefore, current study aimed to study the effect of imidazolinones alone and in combination on weed dry matter accumulation in pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.).
Methods: Pre and post emergence application of imidazolinones alone and in combination was done and dry matter accumulation by different types of weeds i.e. grassy, broad leaf and sedges in pigeon pea crop were worked out at different interval of crop span. 
Result: Among all weed controls treatments, two hoeing at 40 and 70 DAS found most effective to control all kind of weeds. Alone application of pendimethalin was not effective to control sedges. PRE application of imidazolinones was comparatively more effective than POE application. Application of imidazolinones in combination with pendimethalin improves its efficacy to control total weeds than alone application of it. Therefore, PRE application of pendimethalin + imazethapyr @ 1000 + 75 g ha-1 proved to be an effective and a profitable alternative to the existing recommendation (two hoeing at 25 and 45 DAS) of weed control in pigeon pea in Haryana locality.

REFERENCES

  1. Anonymous. (2020a). Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Govt. of India. (ON2271) and Past Issues. https://www.indiastat.com/table/agriculture-data/2/agricultural-production/225/7270/data.aspx
  2. Anonymous. (2020b). Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India.(14268), (ON463), (ON810). https://www.indiastat.com/table/per-capita-availability-data/24/food-items/103/6368/data. aspx.
  3. Anonymous. (2020c). Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Govt. of India. (ON2271) and Past Issues. https://www.indiastat.com/table/agriculture-data/2/arhar-tur/19566/1229701/data.aspx
  4. Appleby, J.R. and Valverde, B.E. (1988). Behavior of dinitroaniline herbicides in plants. Weed Technology. 3: 198-206.
  5. Channappagoudar, B.B. and Biradar, N.R. (2007). Physiological approaches for weed management in soybean and red gram intercropping system. Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Science. 20(2): 241–244.
  6. Chaturvedi, S.K. and Ali, M. (2002). “Poor man’s meat” needs fresh fillip. The Hindu Survey of Indian Agriculture, pp: 63-69.
  7. Chavan, A.S., Raj, V.C. and Waghmare, P.K. (2018). Residues studies of Pendimethalin and other herbicides in pigeon pea field through bioassay technique. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 6 (Special Issue): 1866-1873. 
  8. Gilliam, C.H., Eakes, D.J. and Olive, J.W. (1993). Herbicide use during propagation affects root initiation and development. Journal of Environmental Horticulture. 11: 157-159.
  9. Goetz, A.J., Lavy, T.L. and Gbur, E.E. (1990). Degradation and field persistence of imazethapyr. Weed Science. 38: 421-428.
  10. Gupta, V., Sasode, D.S., Kansana, B.S., Arora, A., Dixit, J. P. and Joshi, E. (2017). Weed management with pre and post-emergence herbicides in black gram. Indian Journal of Weed Science. 49(3): 256-259.
  11. Herbicide Handbook. (2002). Imazethapyr. WSSA Herbicide Handbook - 8th Edition, pp: 256-258.
  12. Kaur, R., Raj, R., Das, T.K., Shekhawat, K., Singh, R. and Choudhary, A.K. (2015). Weed management in pigeon pea based cropping systems. Indian Journal of Weed Science. 47(3): 267-276. 
  13. Kaur, S., Kaur, T. andBhullar, M.S. (2016). Imidazolinone herbicides for weed control in greengram. Indian Journal of Weed Science. 48(1): 37-39.
  14. Madhaiyan, M., Poonguzhali, S., Hari, K., Saravanan, V.S. and Sa, T. (2006). Influence of pesticides on the growth rate and plant growth promoting traits of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology. 84: 143-154.
  15. Mishra, O.R., Gautam, V.S., Dinesh, E., Rajput, A.M. and Patidar, G.L. (2001). Integrated weed management and its economics in soybean. Crop Research. 21(1): 115-119. 
  16. Nagaraju, A.P. and Kumar, H.M. (2009). Efficacy of herbicides on weed control in pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp]. Mysore Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 43(2): 201-204.
  17. Panse V.G. and Sukhatme, P.V. (1967). Statistical Methods for Agricultural Workers, ICAR, Publication New Delhi.
  18. Pardeshi, S.S., Paturde, J.T., Kagne, S.V., Chavan, P.G., Dhale, S.A. and Raut, V.S. (2008). Effect of weed management practices on weed growth and seed yield of maize + pigeon pea intercropping system. Journal of Soils and Crops. 18(2): 454-457.
  19. Prasad, R., Ahlawat, I.P.S. and Shivakumar, B.G. (2006). Textbook of Field Crops Production. Publication of Agricultural Research Krishi Anusandhan Bhavan, New Delhi-110 012.
  20. Ram, B., Punia, S.S., Meena, D.S. and Tetarwal, J.P. (2011). Bioefficacy of post-emergence herbicides to manage weeds in field pea. Journal of Food Legumes. 24: 254-257.
  21. Singh, G., Aggarwal, N. and Ram, H. (2010). Effect of row spacing and weed management practices on weeds, growth and yield of pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]. Indian Journal of Weed Science. 42(3 and 4): 241-243.
  22. Singh, S.P., Yadav, R.S., Kumawat, A. and Bairwa, R.C. (2018). Weed control in green gram (Vigna radiata) and its residual effect on Indian mustard (Brassica juncea). Indian Society of Agronomy. 63: 21-25.
  23. Subramanian, S. Mohamed, A. and Jayakumar, R. (1993). All about Weed Control. Kalyani Pub., New Delhi. pp: 1-5.
  24. Talnikar, A.S., Kadam, G.L., Karande, D.R. and Jogdand, P.B. (2008). Integrated weed management in pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]. International Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 4(1): 363-370.
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    Research Article

    volume 43 issue 6 (december 2020) : 826-831,   Doi: 10.18805/LR-4250

    Effect of Imidazolinones Alone and in Combination on Weed Dry Matter Accumulation in Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan L.)

    A
    Amit Kumar
    A
    A.K. Dhaka
    S
    Satish Kumar
    S
    Samunder Singh
    I
    Ishmadhu
    1Department of Agronomy, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004, Haryana, India.

    • Submitted02-10-2019|

    • Accepted25-04-2020|

    • First Online 28-07-2020|

    • doi 10.18805/LR-4250

    Cite article:- Kumar Amit, Dhaka A.K., Kumar Satish, Singh Samunder, Ishmadhu (2020). Effect of Imidazolinones Alone and in Combination on Weed Dry Matter Accumulation in Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan L.). Legume Research. 43(6): 826-831. doi: 10.18805/LR-4250.

    ABSTRACT

    Background: Among pulse crops, pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp] is one of the most important pulse crops of India after chick pea. Among various biotic factors limiting pigeon pea yield, weeds are of prime importance which can causes seed yield losses up to 80 per cent. Therefore, weed management is an important key factor for enhancing the productivity of pigeon pea. Imazethapyr, an herbicide of imidazolinones group has been registered for soybean, groundnut and other legumes. Various trials in different regions were conducted to study the effects of imazethapyr alone or in combination for controlling the weeds in different crops but in pigeon pea limited research were conducted. Therefore, current study aimed to study the effect of imidazolinones alone and in combination on weed dry matter accumulation in pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.).
    Methods: Pre and post emergence application of imidazolinones alone and in combination was done and dry matter accumulation by different types of weeds i.e. grassy, broad leaf and sedges in pigeon pea crop were worked out at different interval of crop span. 
    Result: Among all weed controls treatments, two hoeing at 40 and 70 DAS found most effective to control all kind of weeds. Alone application of pendimethalin was not effective to control sedges. PRE application of imidazolinones was comparatively more effective than POE application. Application of imidazolinones in combination with pendimethalin improves its efficacy to control total weeds than alone application of it. Therefore, PRE application of pendimethalin + imazethapyr @ 1000 + 75 g ha-1 proved to be an effective and a profitable alternative to the existing recommendation (two hoeing at 25 and 45 DAS) of weed control in pigeon pea in Haryana locality.

    REFERENCES

    1. Anonymous. (2020a). Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Govt. of India. (ON2271) and Past Issues. https://www.indiastat.com/table/agriculture-data/2/agricultural-production/225/7270/data.aspx
    2. Anonymous. (2020b). Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India.(14268), (ON463), (ON810). https://www.indiastat.com/table/per-capita-availability-data/24/food-items/103/6368/data. aspx.
    3. Anonymous. (2020c). Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Govt. of India. (ON2271) and Past Issues. https://www.indiastat.com/table/agriculture-data/2/arhar-tur/19566/1229701/data.aspx
    4. Appleby, J.R. and Valverde, B.E. (1988). Behavior of dinitroaniline herbicides in plants. Weed Technology. 3: 198-206.
    5. Channappagoudar, B.B. and Biradar, N.R. (2007). Physiological approaches for weed management in soybean and red gram intercropping system. Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Science. 20(2): 241–244.
    6. Chaturvedi, S.K. and Ali, M. (2002). “Poor man’s meat” needs fresh fillip. The Hindu Survey of Indian Agriculture, pp: 63-69.
    7. Chavan, A.S., Raj, V.C. and Waghmare, P.K. (2018). Residues studies of Pendimethalin and other herbicides in pigeon pea field through bioassay technique. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 6 (Special Issue): 1866-1873. 
    8. Gilliam, C.H., Eakes, D.J. and Olive, J.W. (1993). Herbicide use during propagation affects root initiation and development. Journal of Environmental Horticulture. 11: 157-159.
    9. Goetz, A.J., Lavy, T.L. and Gbur, E.E. (1990). Degradation and field persistence of imazethapyr. Weed Science. 38: 421-428.
    10. Gupta, V., Sasode, D.S., Kansana, B.S., Arora, A., Dixit, J. P. and Joshi, E. (2017). Weed management with pre and post-emergence herbicides in black gram. Indian Journal of Weed Science. 49(3): 256-259.
    11. Herbicide Handbook. (2002). Imazethapyr. WSSA Herbicide Handbook - 8th Edition, pp: 256-258.
    12. Kaur, R., Raj, R., Das, T.K., Shekhawat, K., Singh, R. and Choudhary, A.K. (2015). Weed management in pigeon pea based cropping systems. Indian Journal of Weed Science. 47(3): 267-276. 
    13. Kaur, S., Kaur, T. andBhullar, M.S. (2016). Imidazolinone herbicides for weed control in greengram. Indian Journal of Weed Science. 48(1): 37-39.
    14. Madhaiyan, M., Poonguzhali, S., Hari, K., Saravanan, V.S. and Sa, T. (2006). Influence of pesticides on the growth rate and plant growth promoting traits of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology. 84: 143-154.
    15. Mishra, O.R., Gautam, V.S., Dinesh, E., Rajput, A.M. and Patidar, G.L. (2001). Integrated weed management and its economics in soybean. Crop Research. 21(1): 115-119. 
    16. Nagaraju, A.P. and Kumar, H.M. (2009). Efficacy of herbicides on weed control in pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp]. Mysore Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 43(2): 201-204.
    17. Panse V.G. and Sukhatme, P.V. (1967). Statistical Methods for Agricultural Workers, ICAR, Publication New Delhi.
    18. Pardeshi, S.S., Paturde, J.T., Kagne, S.V., Chavan, P.G., Dhale, S.A. and Raut, V.S. (2008). Effect of weed management practices on weed growth and seed yield of maize + pigeon pea intercropping system. Journal of Soils and Crops. 18(2): 454-457.
    19. Prasad, R., Ahlawat, I.P.S. and Shivakumar, B.G. (2006). Textbook of Field Crops Production. Publication of Agricultural Research Krishi Anusandhan Bhavan, New Delhi-110 012.
    20. Ram, B., Punia, S.S., Meena, D.S. and Tetarwal, J.P. (2011). Bioefficacy of post-emergence herbicides to manage weeds in field pea. Journal of Food Legumes. 24: 254-257.
    21. Singh, G., Aggarwal, N. and Ram, H. (2010). Effect of row spacing and weed management practices on weeds, growth and yield of pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]. Indian Journal of Weed Science. 42(3 and 4): 241-243.
    22. Singh, S.P., Yadav, R.S., Kumawat, A. and Bairwa, R.C. (2018). Weed control in green gram (Vigna radiata) and its residual effect on Indian mustard (Brassica juncea). Indian Society of Agronomy. 63: 21-25.
    23. Subramanian, S. Mohamed, A. and Jayakumar, R. (1993). All about Weed Control. Kalyani Pub., New Delhi. pp: 1-5.
    24. Talnikar, A.S., Kadam, G.L., Karande, D.R. and Jogdand, P.B. (2008). Integrated weed management in pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]. International Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 4(1): 363-370.
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