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Research Article

volume 42 issue 4 (august 2019) : 437-446,   Doi: 10.18805/LR-4146

Cowpea genetic resources and its utilization: Indian perspective – A review

K
Kuldeep Tripathi
P
P.G. Gore
S
S.P. Ahlawat
V
V. Tyagi
D
D.P. Semwal
N
N.K. Gautam
J
J.C. Rana
A
A. Kumar
1ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi-110 012, India.

  • Submitted02-04-2019|

  • Accepted16-05-2019|

  • First Online 05-06-2019|

  • doi 10.18805/LR-4146

Cite article:- Tripathi Kuldeep, Gore P.G., Ahlawat S.P., Tyagi V., Semwal D.P., Gautam N.K., Rana J.C., Kumar A. (2019). Cowpea genetic resources and its utilization: Indian perspective – A review. Legume Research. 42(4): 437-446. doi: 10.18805/LR-4146.

ABSTRACT

Cowpea is a multipurpose food legume of the tropics and is a crucial source of nutrition for rural and tribal communities in Africa and Asia. High protein content, nitrogen-fixing ability, drought tolerance and adaptability to challenging environment make cowpea, a promising climate resilient food legume of 21st century. This crop is grown as sole or mix-crop and in agro-forestry combinations for diverse uses as pulse, vegetable and fodder. Although cowpea has been used by indigenous people for centuries, its full potential has never been realized. Its production did not increase over the years due to narrow genetic base, biotic and abiotic stresses and non-adaptation to changing climate. Ultimate solution lies in its genetic resource which are the reservoir of useful genes. Lack of information on germplasm characterization and evaluation restricts the effective use of germplasm stored in the genebanks. Introgression of genes from closely related Vigna species and application of modern molecular tools may facilitate broadening the genetic base of cowpea. 

REFERENCES

  1. Abraham, Z., Senthilkumar, R., John, K.J., Sharma, T.V., Nair, N.V., Unnikrishnan, M., Kumaran, P.M., George, J.K., Uma, S., Latha, M. and Malik, S.S. (2008). Collection of plant genetic resources from Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Genet Resour Crop Evol., 55:1279-89.
  2. Anantharaju, P. and Muthiah, A.R. (2008). Screening for drought tolerance in cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. Legume Res., 31(4): 283-285.
  3. Anatala, T.J., Gajera, H.P., Disha, D., Savaliya, Domadiya, R.K., Patel S.V. and Golakiya, B.A. (2014.) Molecular diversity analysis of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] genotypes determined by ISSR and RAPD markers. Int J Agric Environ Biotechnol., 7: 269-276.
  4. Bakshi, S., Sadhukhan, A., Mishra, S. and Sahoo, L. (2011). Improved Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of cowpea via sonication and vacuum infiltration. Plant Cell Rep., 30: 2281–2292.
  5. Bakshi, S., Saha, B., Roy, N.K., Mishra, S., Panda, S.K. and Sahoo L. (2012). Successful recovery of transgenic cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] using the 6-phosphomannose isomerase gene as the selectable marker. Plant Cell Rep., 31: 1093-103.
  6. Barua, U., Singh, S.K., Pal, A.K. and Hore, D.K. (2006). Collection of crop germplasm from Nagaland state of India. Environ Ecol., 24: 704.
  7. Baudoin, J.P. and Marechal, R. (1988). Taxonomy and evolution of the genus Vigna. In Mungbean: Proceedings of the second international symposium Asian vegetable research development center, Shanhua, Taiwan, pp. 2–12.
  8. Blochmann, H. (1873). The Ain-i-Akbari by Abul Fazl Allami. Book I. The Asiatic Society, Calcutta 700016, West Bengal, India. 741pp. (Reprint 1993.)
  9. Boukar, O., Bhattacharjee, R., Fatokun, C., Kumar, P.L. and Gueye, B. (2013). Cowpea. In: Genetic and Genomic Resources of Grain Legume Improvement, (eds Singh, M., Upadhyaya, H.D. and Bisht, I.S.) p.137-155.
  10. Chalam, V.C., Parakh, D.B., Khetarpal, R.K., Maurya, A.K., Jain, A. and Singh, S. (2008). Interception of seed-transmitted viruses in cowpea and mungbean germplasm imported during 2003. Indian J Virol., 19: 12-16.
  11. Chari, M.S., Patel, G.J., Patel, P.N. and Raj S. (1976). Evaluation of cowpea lines for resistance to aphid Aphis craccivora Koch. Gujarat Agric Univ Res J., 1: 130-132.
  12. Chattopadhyay, A., Chakraborty, K., Dasgupta, T., Hazra, P. and Som, M.G. (1996). Evaluation of genotypes for agronomic and morphological characters in vegetable cowpea. Indian J Hort., 53: 304-308.
  13. Chaudhary, D., Madanpotra, S., Jaiwal, R., Saini, A., Kumar, P. and Jaiwal, P.K. (2007). Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated high frequency genetic transformation of an Indian cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] cultivar and transmission of transgene into progeny. Plant Sci., 172(4): 692–700.
  14. Chunekar, K.C. and Pandey G.S., (1998). Bhavaprakash, Nighantu (Indian Materia Medica) of Sri Bhavamisra (c.1500–1600 AD), Chaukhamba Bharati Academy 221001, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. 984pp. (Reprint.)
  15. Devi, L.S. and Gupta, P. (1991). Evaluation of cowpea varieties against cyst nematode. Curr Nematol., 2: 59-60.
  16. Dhanavel, D., Gnanamurthy, S. and Girija, M. (2012). Effect of gamma rays on induced chromosomal variation in cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp]. International Journal of Current Science, 245-250.
  17. Echikh, N. (2000). Organisation du pool génique de formes sauvages et cultivées d’une légumineuse alimentaire, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. Thèse de doctorat, Faculté universitaire des Sciences agronomiques, Gembloux, Belgique, p 307
  18. Fatokun, C.A. and Singh, B.B. (1987). Interspecific hybridization between Vigna pubescens and V. unquiculata (L.) Walp through embryo rescue. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult., 9(3):229–233.
  19. Fatokun, C.A. (1991) Wide hybridization in cowpea: problems and prospects. Euphytica, 54:137–140.
  20. Fatokun, C. A. (2002). Breeding cowpea for insect pests: Attempted crosses between cowpea and Vigna vexillata. In [C. A. Fatokun, S. A. Tarawali, B. B. Singh, P. M. Kormawa, and M. Tamo (Eds.)], Challenges and opportunities for enhancing sustainable cowpea production. Proceedings of the world cowpea conference, 4–8 September 2000 (pp. 52–61). International Institute of Tropical Agriculture IITA. Ibadan, Nigeria:
  21. Girija, M. and Dhanavel, D. (2009). Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of gamma rays, ethyl methane sulphonate and their combined treatments in cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp]. Global J Mol Sci., 4: 68-75.
  22. Girija, M., Dhanavel, D. and Gnanamurthy, S. (2013). Gamma rays and EMS induced flower color and seed mutants in cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp]. Adv Appl Sci Res., 4: 134-139.
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  24. Gore, P.G., Chauhan, S.K., Tripathi, K. and Bhalla, S. (2015). Physical basis of resistance in wild Lens spp. accessions to pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis. Indian J Plant Prot., 43: 267-272.
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  26. Hegde, V.S. and Mishra, S.K. (2009). Landraces of cowpea, [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] as potential sources of genes for unique characters in breeding. Genet Resour Crop Evol., 56: 615-627.
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  40. Mahalakshmi, V., Ng Q., Lawson, M. and Ortiz, R. (2007). Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] core collection defined by geographical, agronomical and botanical descriptors. Plant Genet Res., 5(3): 113– 119.
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  43. Manjunatha, N., Sah, R.P., Deb, D., Shivakumar, M.S. and Archana, S. (2016). Effect of bean common mosaic virus infection on yield potential and nodulation of cowpea genotypes. Range Manag. Agrofor., 37(2): 185-191.
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    Research Article

    volume 42 issue 4 (august 2019) : 437-446,   Doi: 10.18805/LR-4146

    Cowpea genetic resources and its utilization: Indian perspective – A review

    K
    Kuldeep Tripathi
    P
    P.G. Gore
    S
    S.P. Ahlawat
    V
    V. Tyagi
    D
    D.P. Semwal
    N
    N.K. Gautam
    J
    J.C. Rana
    A
    A. Kumar
    1ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi-110 012, India.

    • Submitted02-04-2019|

    • Accepted16-05-2019|

    • First Online 05-06-2019|

    • doi 10.18805/LR-4146

    Cite article:- Tripathi Kuldeep, Gore P.G., Ahlawat S.P., Tyagi V., Semwal D.P., Gautam N.K., Rana J.C., Kumar A. (2019). Cowpea genetic resources and its utilization: Indian perspective – A review. Legume Research. 42(4): 437-446. doi: 10.18805/LR-4146.

    ABSTRACT

    Cowpea is a multipurpose food legume of the tropics and is a crucial source of nutrition for rural and tribal communities in Africa and Asia. High protein content, nitrogen-fixing ability, drought tolerance and adaptability to challenging environment make cowpea, a promising climate resilient food legume of 21st century. This crop is grown as sole or mix-crop and in agro-forestry combinations for diverse uses as pulse, vegetable and fodder. Although cowpea has been used by indigenous people for centuries, its full potential has never been realized. Its production did not increase over the years due to narrow genetic base, biotic and abiotic stresses and non-adaptation to changing climate. Ultimate solution lies in its genetic resource which are the reservoir of useful genes. Lack of information on germplasm characterization and evaluation restricts the effective use of germplasm stored in the genebanks. Introgression of genes from closely related Vigna species and application of modern molecular tools may facilitate broadening the genetic base of cowpea. 

    REFERENCES

    1. Abraham, Z., Senthilkumar, R., John, K.J., Sharma, T.V., Nair, N.V., Unnikrishnan, M., Kumaran, P.M., George, J.K., Uma, S., Latha, M. and Malik, S.S. (2008). Collection of plant genetic resources from Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Genet Resour Crop Evol., 55:1279-89.
    2. Anantharaju, P. and Muthiah, A.R. (2008). Screening for drought tolerance in cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. Legume Res., 31(4): 283-285.
    3. Anatala, T.J., Gajera, H.P., Disha, D., Savaliya, Domadiya, R.K., Patel S.V. and Golakiya, B.A. (2014.) Molecular diversity analysis of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] genotypes determined by ISSR and RAPD markers. Int J Agric Environ Biotechnol., 7: 269-276.
    4. Bakshi, S., Sadhukhan, A., Mishra, S. and Sahoo, L. (2011). Improved Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of cowpea via sonication and vacuum infiltration. Plant Cell Rep., 30: 2281–2292.
    5. Bakshi, S., Saha, B., Roy, N.K., Mishra, S., Panda, S.K. and Sahoo L. (2012). Successful recovery of transgenic cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] using the 6-phosphomannose isomerase gene as the selectable marker. Plant Cell Rep., 31: 1093-103.
    6. Barua, U., Singh, S.K., Pal, A.K. and Hore, D.K. (2006). Collection of crop germplasm from Nagaland state of India. Environ Ecol., 24: 704.
    7. Baudoin, J.P. and Marechal, R. (1988). Taxonomy and evolution of the genus Vigna. In Mungbean: Proceedings of the second international symposium Asian vegetable research development center, Shanhua, Taiwan, pp. 2–12.
    8. Blochmann, H. (1873). The Ain-i-Akbari by Abul Fazl Allami. Book I. The Asiatic Society, Calcutta 700016, West Bengal, India. 741pp. (Reprint 1993.)
    9. Boukar, O., Bhattacharjee, R., Fatokun, C., Kumar, P.L. and Gueye, B. (2013). Cowpea. In: Genetic and Genomic Resources of Grain Legume Improvement, (eds Singh, M., Upadhyaya, H.D. and Bisht, I.S.) p.137-155.
    10. Chalam, V.C., Parakh, D.B., Khetarpal, R.K., Maurya, A.K., Jain, A. and Singh, S. (2008). Interception of seed-transmitted viruses in cowpea and mungbean germplasm imported during 2003. Indian J Virol., 19: 12-16.
    11. Chari, M.S., Patel, G.J., Patel, P.N. and Raj S. (1976). Evaluation of cowpea lines for resistance to aphid Aphis craccivora Koch. Gujarat Agric Univ Res J., 1: 130-132.
    12. Chattopadhyay, A., Chakraborty, K., Dasgupta, T., Hazra, P. and Som, M.G. (1996). Evaluation of genotypes for agronomic and morphological characters in vegetable cowpea. Indian J Hort., 53: 304-308.
    13. Chaudhary, D., Madanpotra, S., Jaiwal, R., Saini, A., Kumar, P. and Jaiwal, P.K. (2007). Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated high frequency genetic transformation of an Indian cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] cultivar and transmission of transgene into progeny. Plant Sci., 172(4): 692–700.
    14. Chunekar, K.C. and Pandey G.S., (1998). Bhavaprakash, Nighantu (Indian Materia Medica) of Sri Bhavamisra (c.1500–1600 AD), Chaukhamba Bharati Academy 221001, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. 984pp. (Reprint.)
    15. Devi, L.S. and Gupta, P. (1991). Evaluation of cowpea varieties against cyst nematode. Curr Nematol., 2: 59-60.
    16. Dhanavel, D., Gnanamurthy, S. and Girija, M. (2012). Effect of gamma rays on induced chromosomal variation in cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp]. International Journal of Current Science, 245-250.
    17. Echikh, N. (2000). Organisation du pool génique de formes sauvages et cultivées d’une légumineuse alimentaire, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. Thèse de doctorat, Faculté universitaire des Sciences agronomiques, Gembloux, Belgique, p 307
    18. Fatokun, C.A. and Singh, B.B. (1987). Interspecific hybridization between Vigna pubescens and V. unquiculata (L.) Walp through embryo rescue. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult., 9(3):229–233.
    19. Fatokun, C.A. (1991) Wide hybridization in cowpea: problems and prospects. Euphytica, 54:137–140.
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