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Research Article

volume 43 issue 5 (october 2020) : 653-657,   Doi: 10.18805/LR-4037

Exogenous gibberellic acid does not induce early flowering in mungbeans [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek.]

S
Susheel Kumar Raina
P
Punam Singh Yadav
A
Ajay Kumar Singh
N
Nikhil Raskar
J
Jagadish Rane
P
Paramjit Singh Minhas
1ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati- 413 115, Pune, Maharastra, India.

  • Submitted11-05-2018|

  • Accepted11-07-2018|

  • First Online 22-08-2018|

  • doi 10.18805/LR-4037

Cite article:- Raina Kumar Susheel, Yadav Singh Punam, Singh Kumar Ajay, Raskar Nikhil, Rane Jagadish, Minhas Singh Paramjit (2018). Exogenous gibberellic acid does not induce early flowering in mungbeans[Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek.]. Legume Research. 43(5): 653-657. doi: 10.18805/LR-4037.

ABSTRACT

Gibberellic acid (GA) is an important phyto-hormone mediating plant growth. In present study, we evaluated the impact of GA treatment on morphological, phenological and molecular aspects of five mungbean genotypes. GA treatment caused a significant increase in plant height and branch angle in most of the genotypes. However, there was no impact of GA treatment on days to first anthesis, days to 50% flowering and pod length. Genotypes SML-859 and EC-48 revealed no change in their plant height and branch angle respectively upon GA treatment, suggestive of their probable GA insensitivity. Expression of flowering associated gene- VrSOC1 remained unaffected by GA treatment, validating thereby that exogenously supplied GA does not induce early flowering in mungbeans.

REFERENCES

  1. Anonymous, (2017). Annual report 2016-17. Government of India, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ welfare, Department of Agriculture, cooperation and Farmers welfare, Directorate of Pulses development, Vindhyachal Bhavan. 
  2. Awan, I.U., Baloch, M.S., Sadozai, N.S., and Sulemani, M.Z. (1999) Stimulatory effect of GA3 and IAA on ripening process, kernel development and quality of rice. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 2: 410-412.
  3. Blázquez, M.A., Trénor, M., and Weigel, D. (2002). Independent control of gibberellin biosynthesis and flowering time by the circadian clock in arabidopsis. Plant Physiology, 130: 1770-1775, DOI:10.1104/pp.007625.
  4. Emongor, V. (2007). Gibberellic Acid (GA3) influence on vegetative growth, nodulation and yield of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. Journal of Agronomy, 6: 509-517.
  5. Goto, N., and Pharis, R.P. (1999). Role of gibberellins in the development of floral organs of gibberellin-deficient mutant, ga1-1, of Arabidopsis thaliana. Canadian Journal of Botany, 77: 944–954. 
  6. Grauwe, L.D., Dugardeyn, J., and Straeten, D.V.D. (2008). Novel mechanisms of ethylene-gibberellin crosstalk revealed by the gai eto2-1 double mutant. Plant Signaling and Behaviour, 3: 1113-1115.
  7. Griffiths, J., Murase, K., Rieu, I., et al.. (2006). Genetic characterization and functional analysis of the GID1 gibberellin receptors in Arabidopsis. The Plant Cell, 18: 3399–3414.
  8. Hernandez, P. (1997). Morphogenesis in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) as affected by exogenous application of plant growth regulators. Agriscientia, 13: 3-11.
  9. Hisamatsua, T., Koshioka, M., Kubotaa, S., Fujimeb, Y., King, R.W., and Mander, L.N. (2000). The role of gibberellins biosynthesis in the control of growth and flowering in Matthiola incana. Physiologiae Plantarum, 109: 97–105.
  10. Huang, S., Gao, Y., Li, Y., Xu, L., Tao, H., and Wang, P. (2017). Influence of plant architecture on maize physiology and yield in the Heilonggang River valley. Crop Journal, 5: 52-62. 
  11. Kumar, S., Datta, K.S., and Nanda, K.K. (1977). Gibberellic-acid causes flowering in the short-day plants Panicum miliaceum L., P. miliare lamk., and Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. Planta, 134: 95.
  12. Lang, A. (1956). Induction of flower formation in biennial Hyoscyamus by treatment with gibberellin. Naturwissenschaften, 43: 284–285.
  13. Li, Y., Wang, H., Li, X., Liang, G., and Yu, D. (2017) Two DELLA-interacting proteins bHLH48 and bHLH60 regulate flowering under long-day conditions in Arabidopsis thaliana. Journal of Experimental Botany, 68: 2757–2767
  14. Livak, K.J., and Schmittgen, T.D. (2001). Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2"DDCT Method. Methods, 25: 402-408.
  15. Matsumoto, T.K. (2006). Gibberellic acid and benzyladenine promote early flowering and vegetative growth of Miltoniopsis orchid hybrids. HortScience, 41: 131-135.
  16. Mutasa-Gottgens, E., and Hedden, P. (2009). Gibberellin as a factor in floral regulatory networks. Journal of Experimental Botany, 60: 1979-1989.
  17. Noble, T.J., Tao, Y., Mace, E.S., Williams, B., Jordan, D.R., Douglas, C.A., Mundree, S.G. (2018). Characterization of linkage disequilibrium and population structure in a mungbean diversity panel. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8: 2102. DOI: 10.3389/    fpls.2017.02102.
  18. Raina, S.K., Govindasamy, V., Kumar, M., Singh, A.K., Rane, J., and Minhas, P.S. (2016). Genetic variation in physiological responses of mungbeans (Vigna radiata (L.)Wilczek) to drought. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 38: 268.
  19. Roychoudhry, S., Del Bianco, M., Kieffer, M., Kepinski, S. (2013). Auxin controls gravitropic setpoint angle in higher plant lateral branches. Current Biology, 23: 1497-1504. 
  20. Sardana, V., Sharma, P., and Sheoran, P. (2010). Growth and production of pulses. In: ‘Soil, Plant Growth and Crop production. Vol III’ (Ed. Willy H. Verheye) pp. 378-417. (EOLSS Publications)
  21. Somta, P., Prathet, P., Kongjaimun, A., Srinives, P. (2014). Dissecting quantitative trait loci for agronomic traits responding to iron deficiency in mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]. Agrivita, 36: 101-111.
  22. Willige, B.C., Ghosh, S., Nill, C., Zourelidou, M., Dohmann, E.M., Maier, A., Schwechheimer, C. (2007). The DELLA domain of GA INSENSITIVE mediates the interaction with the GA INSENSITIVE DWARF1A gibberellin receptor of Arabidopsis. The Plant Cell, 19: 1209–1220. 
  23. Zalewska, M., Antkowiak, M. (2013). Gibberellic acid effect on growth and flowering of Ajania pacifica /Nakai/ Bremer et Humphries. Journal of Horticultural Research, 21: 21-27. 
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    Research Article

    volume 43 issue 5 (october 2020) : 653-657,   Doi: 10.18805/LR-4037

    Exogenous gibberellic acid does not induce early flowering in mungbeans [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek.]

    S
    Susheel Kumar Raina
    P
    Punam Singh Yadav
    A
    Ajay Kumar Singh
    N
    Nikhil Raskar
    J
    Jagadish Rane
    P
    Paramjit Singh Minhas
    1ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati- 413 115, Pune, Maharastra, India.

    • Submitted11-05-2018|

    • Accepted11-07-2018|

    • First Online 22-08-2018|

    • doi 10.18805/LR-4037

    Cite article:- Raina Kumar Susheel, Yadav Singh Punam, Singh Kumar Ajay, Raskar Nikhil, Rane Jagadish, Minhas Singh Paramjit (2018). Exogenous gibberellic acid does not induce early flowering in mungbeans[Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek.]. Legume Research. 43(5): 653-657. doi: 10.18805/LR-4037.

    ABSTRACT

    Gibberellic acid (GA) is an important phyto-hormone mediating plant growth. In present study, we evaluated the impact of GA treatment on morphological, phenological and molecular aspects of five mungbean genotypes. GA treatment caused a significant increase in plant height and branch angle in most of the genotypes. However, there was no impact of GA treatment on days to first anthesis, days to 50% flowering and pod length. Genotypes SML-859 and EC-48 revealed no change in their plant height and branch angle respectively upon GA treatment, suggestive of their probable GA insensitivity. Expression of flowering associated gene- VrSOC1 remained unaffected by GA treatment, validating thereby that exogenously supplied GA does not induce early flowering in mungbeans.

    REFERENCES

    1. Anonymous, (2017). Annual report 2016-17. Government of India, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ welfare, Department of Agriculture, cooperation and Farmers welfare, Directorate of Pulses development, Vindhyachal Bhavan. 
    2. Awan, I.U., Baloch, M.S., Sadozai, N.S., and Sulemani, M.Z. (1999) Stimulatory effect of GA3 and IAA on ripening process, kernel development and quality of rice. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 2: 410-412.
    3. Blázquez, M.A., Trénor, M., and Weigel, D. (2002). Independent control of gibberellin biosynthesis and flowering time by the circadian clock in arabidopsis. Plant Physiology, 130: 1770-1775, DOI:10.1104/pp.007625.
    4. Emongor, V. (2007). Gibberellic Acid (GA3) influence on vegetative growth, nodulation and yield of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. Journal of Agronomy, 6: 509-517.
    5. Goto, N., and Pharis, R.P. (1999). Role of gibberellins in the development of floral organs of gibberellin-deficient mutant, ga1-1, of Arabidopsis thaliana. Canadian Journal of Botany, 77: 944–954. 
    6. Grauwe, L.D., Dugardeyn, J., and Straeten, D.V.D. (2008). Novel mechanisms of ethylene-gibberellin crosstalk revealed by the gai eto2-1 double mutant. Plant Signaling and Behaviour, 3: 1113-1115.
    7. Griffiths, J., Murase, K., Rieu, I., et al.. (2006). Genetic characterization and functional analysis of the GID1 gibberellin receptors in Arabidopsis. The Plant Cell, 18: 3399–3414.
    8. Hernandez, P. (1997). Morphogenesis in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) as affected by exogenous application of plant growth regulators. Agriscientia, 13: 3-11.
    9. Hisamatsua, T., Koshioka, M., Kubotaa, S., Fujimeb, Y., King, R.W., and Mander, L.N. (2000). The role of gibberellins biosynthesis in the control of growth and flowering in Matthiola incana. Physiologiae Plantarum, 109: 97–105.
    10. Huang, S., Gao, Y., Li, Y., Xu, L., Tao, H., and Wang, P. (2017). Influence of plant architecture on maize physiology and yield in the Heilonggang River valley. Crop Journal, 5: 52-62. 
    11. Kumar, S., Datta, K.S., and Nanda, K.K. (1977). Gibberellic-acid causes flowering in the short-day plants Panicum miliaceum L., P. miliare lamk., and Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. Planta, 134: 95.
    12. Lang, A. (1956). Induction of flower formation in biennial Hyoscyamus by treatment with gibberellin. Naturwissenschaften, 43: 284–285.
    13. Li, Y., Wang, H., Li, X., Liang, G., and Yu, D. (2017) Two DELLA-interacting proteins bHLH48 and bHLH60 regulate flowering under long-day conditions in Arabidopsis thaliana. Journal of Experimental Botany, 68: 2757–2767
    14. Livak, K.J., and Schmittgen, T.D. (2001). Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2"DDCT Method. Methods, 25: 402-408.
    15. Matsumoto, T.K. (2006). Gibberellic acid and benzyladenine promote early flowering and vegetative growth of Miltoniopsis orchid hybrids. HortScience, 41: 131-135.
    16. Mutasa-Gottgens, E., and Hedden, P. (2009). Gibberellin as a factor in floral regulatory networks. Journal of Experimental Botany, 60: 1979-1989.
    17. Noble, T.J., Tao, Y., Mace, E.S., Williams, B., Jordan, D.R., Douglas, C.A., Mundree, S.G. (2018). Characterization of linkage disequilibrium and population structure in a mungbean diversity panel. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8: 2102. DOI: 10.3389/    fpls.2017.02102.
    18. Raina, S.K., Govindasamy, V., Kumar, M., Singh, A.K., Rane, J., and Minhas, P.S. (2016). Genetic variation in physiological responses of mungbeans (Vigna radiata (L.)Wilczek) to drought. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 38: 268.
    19. Roychoudhry, S., Del Bianco, M., Kieffer, M., Kepinski, S. (2013). Auxin controls gravitropic setpoint angle in higher plant lateral branches. Current Biology, 23: 1497-1504. 
    20. Sardana, V., Sharma, P., and Sheoran, P. (2010). Growth and production of pulses. In: ‘Soil, Plant Growth and Crop production. Vol III’ (Ed. Willy H. Verheye) pp. 378-417. (EOLSS Publications)
    21. Somta, P., Prathet, P., Kongjaimun, A., Srinives, P. (2014). Dissecting quantitative trait loci for agronomic traits responding to iron deficiency in mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]. Agrivita, 36: 101-111.
    22. Willige, B.C., Ghosh, S., Nill, C., Zourelidou, M., Dohmann, E.M., Maier, A., Schwechheimer, C. (2007). The DELLA domain of GA INSENSITIVE mediates the interaction with the GA INSENSITIVE DWARF1A gibberellin receptor of Arabidopsis. The Plant Cell, 19: 1209–1220. 
    23. Zalewska, M., Antkowiak, M. (2013). Gibberellic acid effect on growth and flowering of Ajania pacifica /Nakai/ Bremer et Humphries. Journal of Horticultural Research, 21: 21-27. 
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