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Research Article

volume 42 issue 3 (june 2019) : 399-404,   Doi: 10.18805/LR-3867

Effect of elevated CO2 and temperature on biochemistry of groundnut and inturn its effect on development of leaf eating caterpillar, Spodoptera litura fabricius

S
Shwetha
A
A.G. Sreenivas
J
J. Ashoka
S
Sushila Nadagoud
P
P.H. Kuchnoor
1Department of Agricultural Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur-584 104, Karnataka, India.

  • Submitted11-03-2017|

  • Accepted22-05-2018|

  • First Online 15-11-2018|

  • doi 10.18805/LR-3867

Cite article:- Shwetha, Sreenivas A.G., Ashoka J., Nadagoud Sushila, Kuchnoor P.H. (2018). Effect of elevated CO2 and temperature on biochemistry of groundnut and inturn its effect on development of leaf eating caterpillar, Spodoptera litura fabricius. Legume Research. 42(3): 399-404. doi: 10.18805/LR-3867.

ABSTRACT

Climate change in terms of elevated CO2 (eCO2) and temperature may have host mediated effects which could affect the survival, growth and development, and population dynamics of insect herbivores. The present study aimed to examine the growth and development of leaf feeding Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) reared on groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) grown under different climate change treatments under open top chambers (OTC’s) at University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka. Significantly lower leaf nitrogen, higher carbon, C: N ratio, phenols and tannins was observed in the groundnut foliage grown under eCO2 conditions. This alteration in food quality in elevated conditions significantly affected the growth parameters of S. litura in the form of increased food consumption, increased larval weight and more faecal matter production due to extended larval and pupal duration. This resulted in reduced fecundity, particularly in the population raised under eCO2 conditions compared to ambient conditions. Further, the insect larva showed increased approximate digestibility and relative consumption rate under eCO2 condition coupled with reduced efficiency of conversion of ingested food. As a result, the relative growth rate was decreased under eCO2 conditions. In nutshell, it can be concluded that eCO2 concentrations altered the quality of groundnut foliage   as it was noticed by the changes in biochemical constituents of the foliage and has the negative effect on the growth and development of S. litura.

REFERENCES

  1. Abdul, K. B., Prabhuraj, A., Srinivasa, R. M., Sreenivas, A. G. and Naganagoud, A., (2014), Influence of elevated CO2 associated with Chickpea on growth performance of gram Caterpillar, Helicoverpa armigera (hub.). App. Ecol. Env. Res., 12(2): 345-353. 
  2. Anonymous, (2015), Agricultural Statistics at a Glance, Agricultural Statistics Division, Directorate of Economics and Statistics. Department of Agriculture and Co-operation, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India, New Delhi.
  3. Berner, R. A., (1992), Weathering, plants and the long term carbon cycle. Geochimica. et. Cosmochimica. Acta., 56: 3225-3231.
  4. Chen, F. J., Gang, W., Jun, L. and Feng, Ge., (2005), Effects of elevated CO2 on the foraging behavior of cotton boll worm, Helicoverpa armigera. Insect Sci., 12: 359-365.
  5. Coll, M. and Hughes, L., (2008), Effects of elevated CO2 on an insect omnivore: A test for nutritional effects mediated by host plants and prey. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 123: 271–279. 
  6. Coviella, C. E., Stipanoovic, R. D. and Trumble, J. T., (2002), Plant allocation to defensive compounds: interaction between elevated CO2 and nitrogen in transgenic cotton plants. J. Exp. Bot., 53(367): 323–331.
  7. Cure, J. D. and Acock, B., (1986), Crop response to Carbon Dioxide Doubling: A Literature Survey. Agric. For. Meteorol., 38: 127-145.
  8. Drake, B. G. P., Leadley, W., Arp, W. J., Nassiry, D. and Curtis. P. S., (1989), An open top chamber for field studies of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration on saltmarsh vegetation. Functional Ecology, 3: 363-371.
  9. Fajer, E. P., Bowers, M. D. and Bazzaz, F. A., (1989), The effects of enriched carbon dioxide atmospheres on plant-insect herbivore interactions. Sci., 243: 1198-1200.
  10. Feng, Ge., Gang, Wu. and Chen, F., (2010), Elevated CO2 lessens predation of Chrysopa sinica on Aphis gossypii. Entomol. Exp. Appl., 135: 140.
  11. Hunter, M. D., (2001), Effect of atmospheric carbon dioxide on insect-plant interactions. Agric. and For. Entomol., 3: 153-159.
  12. IPCC, (2013), Climate Change 2013: The physical science basis. Contribution of working group I to the fifth assessment report of the IPCC, Ed. Stocker, T. F., Qin, D., Platter, G. K., Tignor, M., Allen, S. K., Boschung, J., Nauels, A., Xia, Y., Bex, V. and Midgley, P. M., Cambridge University press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, p. 1535.
  13. Lee, K. P., Behmer, S. T., Simpson, S. J. and Raubenheimer, D., (2002), A geometric analysis of nutrient regulation in the generalist caterpillar, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval). J. Insect. Physiol., 48: 655-665.
  14. Lincoln, P. E., Fajer, E. D. and Johnson, R. H., (1993), Plant-insect herbivore interactions in elevated CO2. Trends Ecol. Evolut., 8: 64-68.
  15. Lindroth, R. L., (2010), Impacts of elevated atmospheric CO2 and O3 on forests: phytochemistry, trophic interactions, and ecosystem dynamics. J. Chem. Ecol., 36: 2-21.
  16. Lindroth, R. L., Kinney, K. K. and Cynthia, L. P., (1993), Response of deciduous trees to elevated atmospheric CO2: productivity, photosynthasis and insect performance. Ecology., 74: 763-777.
  17. Mckenzie, H. A., (1994), The Kjeldahl determination of nitrogen: restrospect and prospect. Anal. Chem., 13(14): 138.
  18. Paul. W. Leadley and Bert. G. Drake., (1993), Open top chambers for exposing plant canopies to elevated CO2 concentration and for measuring net gas exchange, Vegetatio., 104/105: 3-15, 1993.
  19. Saxon, M. E., Davis, M. A., Pritchard, S. G., Runion, G. B. and Dute, R. R., 2004, Influence of elevated CO2, nitrogen and Pinus elliottii genotypes on performance of redheaded pine sawfly, Neodiprion lecontei. Can. J. For. Res., 34: 183-211.
  20. Srinivasa, R. M., Srinivas, K., Vanaja, M., Rao, G. G. S. N., Venkateswarlu, B. and Ramakrishna, Y. S., 2009, Host plant (Ricinus communis Linn.) mediated effects of elevated CO2 on growth performance of two insect folivores. Curr. Sci., 97(7): 1047-1054. 
  21. Srinivasa, R. M., Manimanjari, D., Vanaja, M., Rama, R. C. A., Srinivas, K., Raju, B. M. K., Maheshwari, M. and Venkateshwarlu, B., (2014), Response of multiple generations of tobacco caterpillar Spodoptera litura (Fab.), feeding on peanut, to elevated CO2, App. Ecol. Env. Res., 13(2): 373-386.
  22. Waldbauer, G. P., (1968), The consumption and utilization of food by insects. Adv. Insect. Physiol., 5: 229-288.
  23. Watson, A. J., Robinson, J. E., Williams, P. J. L. B and Fasham, M. J. R., (1991), Spatial variability in the sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide in the north atlantic. Nat., 350: 50-53.
  24. Whittaker, J. B., (1999), Impacts and responses at population level of herbivorous insects to elevated CO2. Environ. J. Entomol., 96: 149:156.
  25. Wightman, J. A. and Ranga Rao, G. V., (1994), Groundnut pests. In: The Groundnut Crop: A Scientific Basis for Improvement. Smartt J, editor Chapman and Hall. pp. 395–479.
  26. Williams, R. S., Lincoln, D. E. and Thomas, R. B.,(1994), Loblolly pine grown under elevated CO2 affect early instar pine saw fly performance. Oecologia, 98: 64-71. www.neogenesisengg.com 
  27. Xiaowei, W., Lanzhu, J. I., Guiqing, W. and Yan, L., (2008), Potential effects of elevated CO2 on leaf-feeding forest insects. Chinese. J. Appl. Ecol., 3(1): 68-77. 
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    Research Article

    volume 42 issue 3 (june 2019) : 399-404,   Doi: 10.18805/LR-3867

    Effect of elevated CO2 and temperature on biochemistry of groundnut and inturn its effect on development of leaf eating caterpillar, Spodoptera litura fabricius

    S
    Shwetha
    A
    A.G. Sreenivas
    J
    J. Ashoka
    S
    Sushila Nadagoud
    P
    P.H. Kuchnoor
    1Department of Agricultural Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur-584 104, Karnataka, India.

    • Submitted11-03-2017|

    • Accepted22-05-2018|

    • First Online 15-11-2018|

    • doi 10.18805/LR-3867

    Cite article:- Shwetha, Sreenivas A.G., Ashoka J., Nadagoud Sushila, Kuchnoor P.H. (2018). Effect of elevated CO2 and temperature on biochemistry of groundnut and inturn its effect on development of leaf eating caterpillar, Spodoptera litura fabricius. Legume Research. 42(3): 399-404. doi: 10.18805/LR-3867.

    ABSTRACT

    Climate change in terms of elevated CO2 (eCO2) and temperature may have host mediated effects which could affect the survival, growth and development, and population dynamics of insect herbivores. The present study aimed to examine the growth and development of leaf feeding Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) reared on groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) grown under different climate change treatments under open top chambers (OTC’s) at University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka. Significantly lower leaf nitrogen, higher carbon, C: N ratio, phenols and tannins was observed in the groundnut foliage grown under eCO2 conditions. This alteration in food quality in elevated conditions significantly affected the growth parameters of S. litura in the form of increased food consumption, increased larval weight and more faecal matter production due to extended larval and pupal duration. This resulted in reduced fecundity, particularly in the population raised under eCO2 conditions compared to ambient conditions. Further, the insect larva showed increased approximate digestibility and relative consumption rate under eCO2 condition coupled with reduced efficiency of conversion of ingested food. As a result, the relative growth rate was decreased under eCO2 conditions. In nutshell, it can be concluded that eCO2 concentrations altered the quality of groundnut foliage   as it was noticed by the changes in biochemical constituents of the foliage and has the negative effect on the growth and development of S. litura.

    REFERENCES

    1. Abdul, K. B., Prabhuraj, A., Srinivasa, R. M., Sreenivas, A. G. and Naganagoud, A., (2014), Influence of elevated CO2 associated with Chickpea on growth performance of gram Caterpillar, Helicoverpa armigera (hub.). App. Ecol. Env. Res., 12(2): 345-353. 
    2. Anonymous, (2015), Agricultural Statistics at a Glance, Agricultural Statistics Division, Directorate of Economics and Statistics. Department of Agriculture and Co-operation, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India, New Delhi.
    3. Berner, R. A., (1992), Weathering, plants and the long term carbon cycle. Geochimica. et. Cosmochimica. Acta., 56: 3225-3231.
    4. Chen, F. J., Gang, W., Jun, L. and Feng, Ge., (2005), Effects of elevated CO2 on the foraging behavior of cotton boll worm, Helicoverpa armigera. Insect Sci., 12: 359-365.
    5. Coll, M. and Hughes, L., (2008), Effects of elevated CO2 on an insect omnivore: A test for nutritional effects mediated by host plants and prey. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 123: 271–279. 
    6. Coviella, C. E., Stipanoovic, R. D. and Trumble, J. T., (2002), Plant allocation to defensive compounds: interaction between elevated CO2 and nitrogen in transgenic cotton plants. J. Exp. Bot., 53(367): 323–331.
    7. Cure, J. D. and Acock, B., (1986), Crop response to Carbon Dioxide Doubling: A Literature Survey. Agric. For. Meteorol., 38: 127-145.
    8. Drake, B. G. P., Leadley, W., Arp, W. J., Nassiry, D. and Curtis. P. S., (1989), An open top chamber for field studies of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration on saltmarsh vegetation. Functional Ecology, 3: 363-371.
    9. Fajer, E. P., Bowers, M. D. and Bazzaz, F. A., (1989), The effects of enriched carbon dioxide atmospheres on plant-insect herbivore interactions. Sci., 243: 1198-1200.
    10. Feng, Ge., Gang, Wu. and Chen, F., (2010), Elevated CO2 lessens predation of Chrysopa sinica on Aphis gossypii. Entomol. Exp. Appl., 135: 140.
    11. Hunter, M. D., (2001), Effect of atmospheric carbon dioxide on insect-plant interactions. Agric. and For. Entomol., 3: 153-159.
    12. IPCC, (2013), Climate Change 2013: The physical science basis. Contribution of working group I to the fifth assessment report of the IPCC, Ed. Stocker, T. F., Qin, D., Platter, G. K., Tignor, M., Allen, S. K., Boschung, J., Nauels, A., Xia, Y., Bex, V. and Midgley, P. M., Cambridge University press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, p. 1535.
    13. Lee, K. P., Behmer, S. T., Simpson, S. J. and Raubenheimer, D., (2002), A geometric analysis of nutrient regulation in the generalist caterpillar, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval). J. Insect. Physiol., 48: 655-665.
    14. Lincoln, P. E., Fajer, E. D. and Johnson, R. H., (1993), Plant-insect herbivore interactions in elevated CO2. Trends Ecol. Evolut., 8: 64-68.
    15. Lindroth, R. L., (2010), Impacts of elevated atmospheric CO2 and O3 on forests: phytochemistry, trophic interactions, and ecosystem dynamics. J. Chem. Ecol., 36: 2-21.
    16. Lindroth, R. L., Kinney, K. K. and Cynthia, L. P., (1993), Response of deciduous trees to elevated atmospheric CO2: productivity, photosynthasis and insect performance. Ecology., 74: 763-777.
    17. Mckenzie, H. A., (1994), The Kjeldahl determination of nitrogen: restrospect and prospect. Anal. Chem., 13(14): 138.
    18. Paul. W. Leadley and Bert. G. Drake., (1993), Open top chambers for exposing plant canopies to elevated CO2 concentration and for measuring net gas exchange, Vegetatio., 104/105: 3-15, 1993.
    19. Saxon, M. E., Davis, M. A., Pritchard, S. G., Runion, G. B. and Dute, R. R., 2004, Influence of elevated CO2, nitrogen and Pinus elliottii genotypes on performance of redheaded pine sawfly, Neodiprion lecontei. Can. J. For. Res., 34: 183-211.
    20. Srinivasa, R. M., Srinivas, K., Vanaja, M., Rao, G. G. S. N., Venkateswarlu, B. and Ramakrishna, Y. S., 2009, Host plant (Ricinus communis Linn.) mediated effects of elevated CO2 on growth performance of two insect folivores. Curr. Sci., 97(7): 1047-1054. 
    21. Srinivasa, R. M., Manimanjari, D., Vanaja, M., Rama, R. C. A., Srinivas, K., Raju, B. M. K., Maheshwari, M. and Venkateshwarlu, B., (2014), Response of multiple generations of tobacco caterpillar Spodoptera litura (Fab.), feeding on peanut, to elevated CO2, App. Ecol. Env. Res., 13(2): 373-386.
    22. Waldbauer, G. P., (1968), The consumption and utilization of food by insects. Adv. Insect. Physiol., 5: 229-288.
    23. Watson, A. J., Robinson, J. E., Williams, P. J. L. B and Fasham, M. J. R., (1991), Spatial variability in the sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide in the north atlantic. Nat., 350: 50-53.
    24. Whittaker, J. B., (1999), Impacts and responses at population level of herbivorous insects to elevated CO2. Environ. J. Entomol., 96: 149:156.
    25. Wightman, J. A. and Ranga Rao, G. V., (1994), Groundnut pests. In: The Groundnut Crop: A Scientific Basis for Improvement. Smartt J, editor Chapman and Hall. pp. 395–479.
    26. Williams, R. S., Lincoln, D. E. and Thomas, R. B.,(1994), Loblolly pine grown under elevated CO2 affect early instar pine saw fly performance. Oecologia, 98: 64-71. www.neogenesisengg.com 
    27. Xiaowei, W., Lanzhu, J. I., Guiqing, W. and Yan, L., (2008), Potential effects of elevated CO2 on leaf-feeding forest insects. Chinese. J. Appl. Ecol., 3(1): 68-77. 
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