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Research Article

volume 42 issue 2 (april 2019) : 250-259,   Doi: 10.18805/LR-3834

Efficient application of Trichoderma viride on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] seed using thin layer polymer coating

P
P. Kuchlan
M
M.K. Kuchlan
M
M.M. Ansari
1ICAR-Indian Institute of Soybean Research, Khandwa Road, Indore-452 001, Madhya Pradesh, India.

  • Submitted16-01-2017|

  • Accepted15-11-2017|

  • First Online 15-02-2018|

  • doi 10.18805/LR-3834

Cite article:- Kuchlan P., Kuchlan M.K., Ansari M.M. (2018). Efficient application of Trichoderma viride on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] seed using thin layer polymer coating. Legume Research. 42(2): 250-259. doi: 10.18805/LR-3834.

ABSTRACT

Soybean crop is very sensitive to change in climate and suffers from vagaries of climate. The productivity thus gets affected in different years due to the influence of climatic condition, incidence of diseases and insects. Trichoderma sp. is considered as a potential biocontrol and growth promoting agents for many crop plants.  Trichoderma spp. is generally being applied to the soil and seed as talcum powder form. Though powder formulations may be applied directly to seeds at the rate of 5g/kg seed, the effectiveness of Trichoderma seed treatment is lost due to poor adhesion on the smooth seed coat surface of soybean. Thus, it was targeted to achieve maximum benefit by Trichoderma seed treatment mediated through polymer coating. Two soybean cultivars were treated with Trichoderma viride with different formulation namely Trichoderma culture solution with polymer, Trichoderma culture talc with polymer, Trichoderma culture talc powder dry dressing. Endophytic growth of Trichoderma viride in root, stem and leaf was studied by agar plate method at 27±10C for seven days. The percentage of plants with Trichoderma endophytic growth was 97-100 per cent in plants from seeds treated with Trichoderma with polymer as compared to 37-45 per cent in plants from seeds treated with Trichoderma talc powder dry dressing. Control plants did not show any endophytic growth of Trichoderma. Significant increase in plant height was observed due to endophytic growth of Trichoderma.  24 per cent yield advantage was observed due to Trichoderma culture solution treatment with polymer. Seedling mortality due to collar rot (0.61%) and disease incidence of Myrothecium Leaf Spot, Anthracnose and Rhizoctonia Arial Blight (0.34%) was significantly lower than control (9.8% and 9.169%). Proper application of Trichoderma viride on soybean seed through polymer coating has significant potential to reduce diseases and to improve plant growth and seed yield. 

REFERENCES

  1. Afzal, S., Tariq, S., Sultana, V., Ara, J., and Haque, S.E. (2013). Managing the root disease of okra with endoroot plant growth promoting Pseudomonas and Trichoderma viridae associated with healthy okra roots. Pak. J. Bot., 45(4): 1455-1460.
  2. Bai, Z., Jin, B., Li, Y., Chen, J., Li, Z. (2008). Utilization of winery wastes for Trichoderma viride biocontrol agent production by solid state fermentation. J. Environ. Sci.20: 353-358.
  3. Berg, G., Zachow, C., Lottmann, J., Gotz, M., Costa, R. and Smalla, K. (2005). Impact of plant species and site on rhizosphare associated fungi antagonistic to Verticillium dahlia (Kleb). Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 71: 4203-4213.
  4. Benhamou, N. and Chet, I., (1993). Hyphal interaction between Trichoderma harzianum and Rhizoctonia solani: ultrastructure and gold chemistry of the mycoparasitic process. Phytopath., 83: 1062-1071.
  5. Chandra, K., Mukherjee, P.K. and Karmakar, J.B. (1995). Lime pelleting - an useful approach for effective Rhizobium inoculation programme in acid soil of Manipur. J. North Eastern Council, 15(1): 13-15. 
  6. Cliquet, S. and Scheffer, R.J. (1996). Biological control of damping –off caused by Pythium ultimum and Rhizoctonia solani using Trichoderma spp. applied as industrial film coating on seeds. Eur. J. Plant Path. 102: 247-255.
  7. Dennis, C. and Webster, J. (1971). Antagonistic properties of species of Trichoderma to production of volatile antibiotics. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc., 57: 41-48.
  8. Harman, G.E., Howell, C.R., Viterbo, A., Chet, I. and Lorito, M. (2004). Trichopderma sp. opportunistic, avirulent plant symbiont. Nature Rev. Microbiol., 2: 43-56.
  9. Herridge, D.F., Peoples, M.B., Boddey, R.M. (2008). Global inputs of biological nitrogen fixation in agricultural systems. Plant Soil, 311(1): 1-18.
  10. John, R.P., Tyagi, R.D., Prevost, D., Brar, S.K., Pouleur, S. and Surampalli, R.Y. (2010). Mycoparasitic Trichodewrma viride as a biocontrol agent against Fusarium oxysporium f.sp. Adzuki and Pythium arrhenomanes as a growth promoter of soybean. Crop Prot., 29:1452-1459.
  11. Kobayashi, D.Y. and Palumbo, J.D. (2000). Bacterial endophytes and their effect on plants and uses in agriculture. In: Microbial Endophytes C.W. Bacon and J.F. White, (Eds.) Marcel Dekker, Inc, New York, pp.199-233.
  12. Hanson, L.E. (2000). Reduction of Verticillium wilt symptoms in cotton following seed treatment with Trichoderma virens. J. Cotton Sci., 4: 224-231.
  13. Lorito, M., Woo, S. L., Harman, G. E. and Monte, E. (2010).Translational research on Trichoderma: from ‘omics to the field. Annu. Rev. Phytopath., 48: 395–417. 
  14. McQuilkent, M.P., Budge, S.P and Whipps, J.M. (1997). Biological control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum by film coating Coniothyrium minitans on to sunflower seed and sclerotic. Plant Path., 46: 919-929.
  15. Papavizas, G.C. (1985). Trichoderma and Gliocladium: Biology, ecology and potential for biocontrol. Annal. Rev. Phytopathol., 23: 23-54
  16. Qureshi, S.A., Ruqqia, Sultana, V., Ara, J. and Haque, S.E. (2012). Nematicidal potential of culture filtrates of soil fungi associated with rhizosphere and rhizoplane of cultivated and wild plants. Pak. J. Bot. 44(3): 1041-1046.
  17. John, R. P., Tyagi, R.D., Prévost, D., Brar S.K., Pouleur, S. and Surampalli, R.Y. (2010). Mycoparasitic Trichoderma viride as a biocontrol agent against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. adzuki and Pythium arrhenomanes and as a growth promoter of soybean. Crop Protection 29: 1452-1459.
  18. Kashem, M.A., Rafii, M.Y., Mondal, M.M.A., Islam, M.S. and Latif, M.A. (2016). Effect of times and levels of inoculum of Trichoderma for controlling root rot and collar rot of lentil. Legume Research, 39 (1): 123-128.
  19. Rudresh, D.L., Shivaprakash, M.K. and Prasad, R.D. (2005). Effect of combined application of Rhizobium, phosphate solubilizing bacterium and Trichoderma spp. on growth, nutrient uptake and yield of chickpea (Cicer aritenium L.). Appl. Soil Ecol,. 28: 139-146.
  20. Savazzini, F., Longa, C.M.O. and Pertot, I. (2009). Impact of the biocontrol agent Trichoderma atroviride SC1 on soil microbial communities of a vineyard in northern Italy. Soil Biol. Biochem., 41: 1457-1465.
  21. Sinclair, J.B. (1988). Anthracnose of soybean. In: Soybean Diseases of North Central Region. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA, pp 104. 
  22. Vinale, F., Sivasithamparam, K., Ghisalberti, E.L., Marra, R., Barbetti, M.J., Li, H., Woo, S.L. and Lorito, M. (2008). A novel role for Trichoderma secondary metabolites in the interactions with plants. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol., 72: 80-86.
  23. Verma, M., Brar, S.K., Tyagi, R.D., Sahai, V., Prévost, D., Valéro, J.R., Surampalli, R.Y. (2007). Bench-scale fermentation of Trichoderma viride on wastewater sludge: Rheology, lytic enzymes and biocontrol activity. Enzyme Microb. Technol., 41: 764-771.
  24. Weller, D.M., Roaijimakers, J.M., Gardener, B.B.M. and Thomashaw, L. S. (2002). Microbial population responsible for specific soil suppressiveness to plant pathogens. Annu. Rev. Phytopath., 40:309-348.
  25. Woo, S.L., Scala, F., Ruocco and, M. and Lorito, M. (2006). The molecular biology of the interactions between Trichoderma spp., Phytopathogenic fungi and plants . Phytopath., 96:181-185.
  26. Zeilinger, S. and Omann, M. (2007). Trichoderma biocontrol: signal transduction pathways involved in host sensing and mycoparasitism. Gene Regul. Syst. Biol., 1: 227-234. 
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    Research Article

    volume 42 issue 2 (april 2019) : 250-259,   Doi: 10.18805/LR-3834

    Efficient application of Trichoderma viride on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] seed using thin layer polymer coating

    P
    P. Kuchlan
    M
    M.K. Kuchlan
    M
    M.M. Ansari
    1ICAR-Indian Institute of Soybean Research, Khandwa Road, Indore-452 001, Madhya Pradesh, India.

    • Submitted16-01-2017|

    • Accepted15-11-2017|

    • First Online 15-02-2018|

    • doi 10.18805/LR-3834

    Cite article:- Kuchlan P., Kuchlan M.K., Ansari M.M. (2018). Efficient application of Trichoderma viride on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] seed using thin layer polymer coating. Legume Research. 42(2): 250-259. doi: 10.18805/LR-3834.

    ABSTRACT

    Soybean crop is very sensitive to change in climate and suffers from vagaries of climate. The productivity thus gets affected in different years due to the influence of climatic condition, incidence of diseases and insects. Trichoderma sp. is considered as a potential biocontrol and growth promoting agents for many crop plants.  Trichoderma spp. is generally being applied to the soil and seed as talcum powder form. Though powder formulations may be applied directly to seeds at the rate of 5g/kg seed, the effectiveness of Trichoderma seed treatment is lost due to poor adhesion on the smooth seed coat surface of soybean. Thus, it was targeted to achieve maximum benefit by Trichoderma seed treatment mediated through polymer coating. Two soybean cultivars were treated with Trichoderma viride with different formulation namely Trichoderma culture solution with polymer, Trichoderma culture talc with polymer, Trichoderma culture talc powder dry dressing. Endophytic growth of Trichoderma viride in root, stem and leaf was studied by agar plate method at 27±10C for seven days. The percentage of plants with Trichoderma endophytic growth was 97-100 per cent in plants from seeds treated with Trichoderma with polymer as compared to 37-45 per cent in plants from seeds treated with Trichoderma talc powder dry dressing. Control plants did not show any endophytic growth of Trichoderma. Significant increase in plant height was observed due to endophytic growth of Trichoderma.  24 per cent yield advantage was observed due to Trichoderma culture solution treatment with polymer. Seedling mortality due to collar rot (0.61%) and disease incidence of Myrothecium Leaf Spot, Anthracnose and Rhizoctonia Arial Blight (0.34%) was significantly lower than control (9.8% and 9.169%). Proper application of Trichoderma viride on soybean seed through polymer coating has significant potential to reduce diseases and to improve plant growth and seed yield. 

    REFERENCES

    1. Afzal, S., Tariq, S., Sultana, V., Ara, J., and Haque, S.E. (2013). Managing the root disease of okra with endoroot plant growth promoting Pseudomonas and Trichoderma viridae associated with healthy okra roots. Pak. J. Bot., 45(4): 1455-1460.
    2. Bai, Z., Jin, B., Li, Y., Chen, J., Li, Z. (2008). Utilization of winery wastes for Trichoderma viride biocontrol agent production by solid state fermentation. J. Environ. Sci.20: 353-358.
    3. Berg, G., Zachow, C., Lottmann, J., Gotz, M., Costa, R. and Smalla, K. (2005). Impact of plant species and site on rhizosphare associated fungi antagonistic to Verticillium dahlia (Kleb). Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 71: 4203-4213.
    4. Benhamou, N. and Chet, I., (1993). Hyphal interaction between Trichoderma harzianum and Rhizoctonia solani: ultrastructure and gold chemistry of the mycoparasitic process. Phytopath., 83: 1062-1071.
    5. Chandra, K., Mukherjee, P.K. and Karmakar, J.B. (1995). Lime pelleting - an useful approach for effective Rhizobium inoculation programme in acid soil of Manipur. J. North Eastern Council, 15(1): 13-15. 
    6. Cliquet, S. and Scheffer, R.J. (1996). Biological control of damping –off caused by Pythium ultimum and Rhizoctonia solani using Trichoderma spp. applied as industrial film coating on seeds. Eur. J. Plant Path. 102: 247-255.
    7. Dennis, C. and Webster, J. (1971). Antagonistic properties of species of Trichoderma to production of volatile antibiotics. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc., 57: 41-48.
    8. Harman, G.E., Howell, C.R., Viterbo, A., Chet, I. and Lorito, M. (2004). Trichopderma sp. opportunistic, avirulent plant symbiont. Nature Rev. Microbiol., 2: 43-56.
    9. Herridge, D.F., Peoples, M.B., Boddey, R.M. (2008). Global inputs of biological nitrogen fixation in agricultural systems. Plant Soil, 311(1): 1-18.
    10. John, R.P., Tyagi, R.D., Prevost, D., Brar, S.K., Pouleur, S. and Surampalli, R.Y. (2010). Mycoparasitic Trichodewrma viride as a biocontrol agent against Fusarium oxysporium f.sp. Adzuki and Pythium arrhenomanes as a growth promoter of soybean. Crop Prot., 29:1452-1459.
    11. Kobayashi, D.Y. and Palumbo, J.D. (2000). Bacterial endophytes and their effect on plants and uses in agriculture. In: Microbial Endophytes C.W. Bacon and J.F. White, (Eds.) Marcel Dekker, Inc, New York, pp.199-233.
    12. Hanson, L.E. (2000). Reduction of Verticillium wilt symptoms in cotton following seed treatment with Trichoderma virens. J. Cotton Sci., 4: 224-231.
    13. Lorito, M., Woo, S. L., Harman, G. E. and Monte, E. (2010).Translational research on Trichoderma: from ‘omics to the field. Annu. Rev. Phytopath., 48: 395–417. 
    14. McQuilkent, M.P., Budge, S.P and Whipps, J.M. (1997). Biological control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum by film coating Coniothyrium minitans on to sunflower seed and sclerotic. Plant Path., 46: 919-929.
    15. Papavizas, G.C. (1985). Trichoderma and Gliocladium: Biology, ecology and potential for biocontrol. Annal. Rev. Phytopathol., 23: 23-54
    16. Qureshi, S.A., Ruqqia, Sultana, V., Ara, J. and Haque, S.E. (2012). Nematicidal potential of culture filtrates of soil fungi associated with rhizosphere and rhizoplane of cultivated and wild plants. Pak. J. Bot. 44(3): 1041-1046.
    17. John, R. P., Tyagi, R.D., Prévost, D., Brar S.K., Pouleur, S. and Surampalli, R.Y. (2010). Mycoparasitic Trichoderma viride as a biocontrol agent against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. adzuki and Pythium arrhenomanes and as a growth promoter of soybean. Crop Protection 29: 1452-1459.
    18. Kashem, M.A., Rafii, M.Y., Mondal, M.M.A., Islam, M.S. and Latif, M.A. (2016). Effect of times and levels of inoculum of Trichoderma for controlling root rot and collar rot of lentil. Legume Research, 39 (1): 123-128.
    19. Rudresh, D.L., Shivaprakash, M.K. and Prasad, R.D. (2005). Effect of combined application of Rhizobium, phosphate solubilizing bacterium and Trichoderma spp. on growth, nutrient uptake and yield of chickpea (Cicer aritenium L.). Appl. Soil Ecol,. 28: 139-146.
    20. Savazzini, F., Longa, C.M.O. and Pertot, I. (2009). Impact of the biocontrol agent Trichoderma atroviride SC1 on soil microbial communities of a vineyard in northern Italy. Soil Biol. Biochem., 41: 1457-1465.
    21. Sinclair, J.B. (1988). Anthracnose of soybean. In: Soybean Diseases of North Central Region. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA, pp 104. 
    22. Vinale, F., Sivasithamparam, K., Ghisalberti, E.L., Marra, R., Barbetti, M.J., Li, H., Woo, S.L. and Lorito, M. (2008). A novel role for Trichoderma secondary metabolites in the interactions with plants. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol., 72: 80-86.
    23. Verma, M., Brar, S.K., Tyagi, R.D., Sahai, V., Prévost, D., Valéro, J.R., Surampalli, R.Y. (2007). Bench-scale fermentation of Trichoderma viride on wastewater sludge: Rheology, lytic enzymes and biocontrol activity. Enzyme Microb. Technol., 41: 764-771.
    24. Weller, D.M., Roaijimakers, J.M., Gardener, B.B.M. and Thomashaw, L. S. (2002). Microbial population responsible for specific soil suppressiveness to plant pathogens. Annu. Rev. Phytopath., 40:309-348.
    25. Woo, S.L., Scala, F., Ruocco and, M. and Lorito, M. (2006). The molecular biology of the interactions between Trichoderma spp., Phytopathogenic fungi and plants . Phytopath., 96:181-185.
    26. Zeilinger, S. and Omann, M. (2007). Trichoderma biocontrol: signal transduction pathways involved in host sensing and mycoparasitism. Gene Regul. Syst. Biol., 1: 227-234. 
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