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Research Article

volume 41 issue 6 (december 2018) : 867-872,   Doi: 10.18805/LR-3799

Biometrical studies of yield and related traits in advance breeding lines of bush type vegetable cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]
 

H
Hira Lal
B
B. Rajasekhar Reddy
V
Vishwa Nath
1Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi-221 305, Uttar Pradesh, India.

  • Submitted27-10-2016|

  • Accepted15-06-2017|

  • First Online 23-10-2017|

  • doi 10.18805/LR-3799

Cite article:- Lal Hira, Reddy Rajasekhar B., Nath Vishwa (2017). Biometrical studies of yield and related traits in advance breeding lines of bush type vegetable cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]. Legume Research. 41(6): 867-872. doi: 10.18805/LR-3799.

ABSTRACT

Sixty-six bush type advance breeding lines of vegetable cowpea developed at ICAR - Indian Institute of Vegetable Research (ICAR-IIVR), Varanasi were evaluated for different horticultural traits for genetic variability, character association, cause-effect analysis and genetic diversity among the genotypes through D2 statistics. High values of genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variations, heritability (h2B) and genetic advance were recorded for pod yield per plant, number of peduncles and pods per plant, peduncle length, number of primary branches per plant, pod length, pod weight and number of seeds per pod. Pod yield per plant showed strong positive correlation with number of peduncles and pods per plant, pod weight, pod length, number of seeds per pod and number of primary branches per plant, while negative correlation with days to 50% flowering at genotypic and phenotypic levels. The maximum direct positive effect on pod yield per plant was found contributed by number of pods per plant followed by pod weight. Based on degree of divergence the genotypes get grouped into seventeen clusters. The top three characters which contributed most towards the genetic divergence were number of peduncles per plant, peduncle length and pod length. The genotypes of cluster VII showed maximum genetic divergence with genotypes of cluster VIII. Further, cluster VII had the high yielding genotypes, while cluster XVII had early flowering genotypes. Thus, crossing between genotypes of these groups may result in high yielding early genotypes.

REFERENCES

  1. Adewale, B.D., Adeigbe, O.O. and Aremu, C.O. (2011). Genetic distance and diversity among some cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) genotypes. Int. Res. Plant Sci., 1(2): 9-14.
  2. Allard, R.W. (1960). Principles of Plant Breeding. John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York, pp. 485.
  3. Burton, G.W. (1952). Quantitative inheritance in grasses. Proc. 6th International Grassland Congress, 1: 277-283. 
  4. Chakraborti, A.K. (1986). Cowpea. In: Vegetable crops (Bose, T.K., Som, M.G. and Kabir, J. eds.), Naya Prakash, Calcutta, pp. 603-611.
  5. Chattopadhyay, A., Rana, N.P., Seth, T., Das, S., Chatterjee, S. and Dutta, S. (2014). Identification of selection indices and choosing of parents for vegetable cowpea (Vigna unguiculata CV-GR. sesquipedalis) breeding programme. Legume Res., 37(1): 19-25.
  6. Comstock, R.E. and Robinson, H.E. (1952). Genetic parameters, their estimation and significance. Proc. 6th International Grassland Congress, 1: 284-291.
  7. Dewey, D.R. and Lu, K.H. (1959). A correlation and path coefficient analysis of components of crested wheatgrass seed production. Agron. J., 51: 515-518.
  8. Fraser, J. and Eaton, G.W. (1983). Application of yield component analysis to crop research. Field Crop Abst., 36: 787-797.
  9. Huque, A.K.M.M., Hossain, M.K., Alam, N., Hasanuzzaman, M. and Biswas, B.K. (2012b). Genetic divergence in yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis (L. Verdc.). Bangladesh J. Bot., 41(1): 61-69.
  10. Huque, A.K.M.M., Hossain, M.K., Alam, N., Hasanuzzaman, M., Biswas, B.K. and Arifuzzaman, M. (2012a). Genetic variability, correlation and path analysis for yield and its component characters in string bean (Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis (L. Verdc.). Jahangirnagar Univ. J. Biol. Sci., 1(1): 1-10.
  11. Kalloo, G., Singh, V.P., Dudi, B.S. and Pratap, P.S. (1980). Analysis of variation and genetic diversity in garden pea (Pisum sativum L.). J. Res. Haryana Agric. Univ., 10: 540-546.
  12. Kwon, S.H. and Torrie, J.H. (1964). Heritability and interrelationship among traits of two soybean population. Crop Sci., 4: 196-198. 
  13. Lal, H., Rai, M., Shiv Karan, Verma, A. and Ram, D. (2007). Multivariate hierarchical clustering of cowpea germplasm [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]. Acta Hort., 752: 413-416.
  14. Lal, H., Sigh, P.M., Vishwa Nath and Singh, R. (2016). An impact assessment of vegetable cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. variety “Kashi Kanchan”. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., India, Sect. B Biol. Sci., 86(3):529-536 
  15. Madhavi, K., Sivaji, T. and Amrutha, N. (2014). Correlation studies for pod yield in vegetable cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. Trends Biosci., 7(6): 465-467.
  16. Mahalanobis, P.C. (1936). On the generalized distance in statistics. Proc. Natl. Inst. Sci. India, 2: 49-55.
  17. Nath, Vishwa, Lal, H., Rai, M., Rai, N. and Ram, D. (2009). Hierarchical clustering and character association studies in cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]. Indian J. Plant Genet. Resour., 22: 22-25.
  18. Nwofia, G.E., Ogbonna, N.D. and Agbo, C.U. (2013). Path analysis and heritability estimates of yield and yield components in vegetable cowpea as influenced by planting season. American-Eurasian J. Agric. Environ. Sci., 13 (9): 1283-1289.
  19. Pant, K.C., Chandel, K.P.S. and Joshi, B.S. (1982). Analysis of diversity in Indian cowpea genetic resources. SABRAO J., 14: 103-111.
  20. Rao, A., Khan, M.A., McNeilly, T. and Khan, A.A. (1997). Cause and effect relations of yield and yield components in rice (Oryza sativa L.). J. Genet. Breed., 51: 1-5.
  21. Rao, C.R. (1952). Advanced Statistical Methods in Biometrical Research. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
  22. Singh, M. and Ceccarelli, S. (1996). Estimation of heritability of crop traits from variety trial data. Technical Manual No. 21, International Centre for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas. Aleppo, Syria, pp. 21.
  23. Suganthi, S., Murugan, S. and Venkatesan, M. (2007). D2 analysis in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.). Legume Res., 30(2): 145-147.
  24. Sulnathi, G., Prasanthi, L. and Sekhar, M.R. (2007). Character contribution to diversity in cowpea. Legume Res., 30(1): 70-72. 
  25. Ullah, M.Z., Hasan, M.J., Rahman, A.H.M.A. and Saki, A.I. (2011). Genetic variability, character association and path analysis in yard long bean. SAARC J. Agri., 9(2): 9-16.
  26. Valarmathi, G., Surendran, C. and Muthaih, A.R. (2007). Studies on combining ability for yield and yield traits in inter subspecies crosses of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata ssp. unguiculata and (Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis). Legume Res., 30(3):173-179. 
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    Research Article

    volume 41 issue 6 (december 2018) : 867-872,   Doi: 10.18805/LR-3799

    Biometrical studies of yield and related traits in advance breeding lines of bush type vegetable cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]
     

    H
    Hira Lal
    B
    B. Rajasekhar Reddy
    V
    Vishwa Nath
    1Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi-221 305, Uttar Pradesh, India.

    • Submitted27-10-2016|

    • Accepted15-06-2017|

    • First Online 23-10-2017|

    • doi 10.18805/LR-3799

    Cite article:- Lal Hira, Reddy Rajasekhar B., Nath Vishwa (2017). Biometrical studies of yield and related traits in advance breeding lines of bush type vegetable cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]. Legume Research. 41(6): 867-872. doi: 10.18805/LR-3799.

    ABSTRACT

    Sixty-six bush type advance breeding lines of vegetable cowpea developed at ICAR - Indian Institute of Vegetable Research (ICAR-IIVR), Varanasi were evaluated for different horticultural traits for genetic variability, character association, cause-effect analysis and genetic diversity among the genotypes through D2 statistics. High values of genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variations, heritability (h2B) and genetic advance were recorded for pod yield per plant, number of peduncles and pods per plant, peduncle length, number of primary branches per plant, pod length, pod weight and number of seeds per pod. Pod yield per plant showed strong positive correlation with number of peduncles and pods per plant, pod weight, pod length, number of seeds per pod and number of primary branches per plant, while negative correlation with days to 50% flowering at genotypic and phenotypic levels. The maximum direct positive effect on pod yield per plant was found contributed by number of pods per plant followed by pod weight. Based on degree of divergence the genotypes get grouped into seventeen clusters. The top three characters which contributed most towards the genetic divergence were number of peduncles per plant, peduncle length and pod length. The genotypes of cluster VII showed maximum genetic divergence with genotypes of cluster VIII. Further, cluster VII had the high yielding genotypes, while cluster XVII had early flowering genotypes. Thus, crossing between genotypes of these groups may result in high yielding early genotypes.

    REFERENCES

    1. Adewale, B.D., Adeigbe, O.O. and Aremu, C.O. (2011). Genetic distance and diversity among some cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) genotypes. Int. Res. Plant Sci., 1(2): 9-14.
    2. Allard, R.W. (1960). Principles of Plant Breeding. John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York, pp. 485.
    3. Burton, G.W. (1952). Quantitative inheritance in grasses. Proc. 6th International Grassland Congress, 1: 277-283. 
    4. Chakraborti, A.K. (1986). Cowpea. In: Vegetable crops (Bose, T.K., Som, M.G. and Kabir, J. eds.), Naya Prakash, Calcutta, pp. 603-611.
    5. Chattopadhyay, A., Rana, N.P., Seth, T., Das, S., Chatterjee, S. and Dutta, S. (2014). Identification of selection indices and choosing of parents for vegetable cowpea (Vigna unguiculata CV-GR. sesquipedalis) breeding programme. Legume Res., 37(1): 19-25.
    6. Comstock, R.E. and Robinson, H.E. (1952). Genetic parameters, their estimation and significance. Proc. 6th International Grassland Congress, 1: 284-291.
    7. Dewey, D.R. and Lu, K.H. (1959). A correlation and path coefficient analysis of components of crested wheatgrass seed production. Agron. J., 51: 515-518.
    8. Fraser, J. and Eaton, G.W. (1983). Application of yield component analysis to crop research. Field Crop Abst., 36: 787-797.
    9. Huque, A.K.M.M., Hossain, M.K., Alam, N., Hasanuzzaman, M. and Biswas, B.K. (2012b). Genetic divergence in yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis (L. Verdc.). Bangladesh J. Bot., 41(1): 61-69.
    10. Huque, A.K.M.M., Hossain, M.K., Alam, N., Hasanuzzaman, M., Biswas, B.K. and Arifuzzaman, M. (2012a). Genetic variability, correlation and path analysis for yield and its component characters in string bean (Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis (L. Verdc.). Jahangirnagar Univ. J. Biol. Sci., 1(1): 1-10.
    11. Kalloo, G., Singh, V.P., Dudi, B.S. and Pratap, P.S. (1980). Analysis of variation and genetic diversity in garden pea (Pisum sativum L.). J. Res. Haryana Agric. Univ., 10: 540-546.
    12. Kwon, S.H. and Torrie, J.H. (1964). Heritability and interrelationship among traits of two soybean population. Crop Sci., 4: 196-198. 
    13. Lal, H., Rai, M., Shiv Karan, Verma, A. and Ram, D. (2007). Multivariate hierarchical clustering of cowpea germplasm [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]. Acta Hort., 752: 413-416.
    14. Lal, H., Sigh, P.M., Vishwa Nath and Singh, R. (2016). An impact assessment of vegetable cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. variety “Kashi Kanchan”. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., India, Sect. B Biol. Sci., 86(3):529-536 
    15. Madhavi, K., Sivaji, T. and Amrutha, N. (2014). Correlation studies for pod yield in vegetable cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. Trends Biosci., 7(6): 465-467.
    16. Mahalanobis, P.C. (1936). On the generalized distance in statistics. Proc. Natl. Inst. Sci. India, 2: 49-55.
    17. Nath, Vishwa, Lal, H., Rai, M., Rai, N. and Ram, D. (2009). Hierarchical clustering and character association studies in cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]. Indian J. Plant Genet. Resour., 22: 22-25.
    18. Nwofia, G.E., Ogbonna, N.D. and Agbo, C.U. (2013). Path analysis and heritability estimates of yield and yield components in vegetable cowpea as influenced by planting season. American-Eurasian J. Agric. Environ. Sci., 13 (9): 1283-1289.
    19. Pant, K.C., Chandel, K.P.S. and Joshi, B.S. (1982). Analysis of diversity in Indian cowpea genetic resources. SABRAO J., 14: 103-111.
    20. Rao, A., Khan, M.A., McNeilly, T. and Khan, A.A. (1997). Cause and effect relations of yield and yield components in rice (Oryza sativa L.). J. Genet. Breed., 51: 1-5.
    21. Rao, C.R. (1952). Advanced Statistical Methods in Biometrical Research. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
    22. Singh, M. and Ceccarelli, S. (1996). Estimation of heritability of crop traits from variety trial data. Technical Manual No. 21, International Centre for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas. Aleppo, Syria, pp. 21.
    23. Suganthi, S., Murugan, S. and Venkatesan, M. (2007). D2 analysis in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.). Legume Res., 30(2): 145-147.
    24. Sulnathi, G., Prasanthi, L. and Sekhar, M.R. (2007). Character contribution to diversity in cowpea. Legume Res., 30(1): 70-72. 
    25. Ullah, M.Z., Hasan, M.J., Rahman, A.H.M.A. and Saki, A.I. (2011). Genetic variability, character association and path analysis in yard long bean. SAARC J. Agri., 9(2): 9-16.
    26. Valarmathi, G., Surendran, C. and Muthaih, A.R. (2007). Studies on combining ability for yield and yield traits in inter subspecies crosses of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata ssp. unguiculata and (Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis). Legume Res., 30(3):173-179. 
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