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Research Article

volume 41 issue 3 (june 2018) : 392-398,   Doi: 10.18805/lr.v40i04.9010

Influence of plant growth regulators on yield and yield components in pigeonpea

A
A. Sumathi
V
V. Babu Rajendra Prasad
M
Mallika Vanangamudi
1Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore- 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India
Cite article:- Sumathi A., Prasad Rajendra Babu V., Vanangamudi Mallika (2017). Influence of plant growth regulators on yield and yield components in pigeonpea. Legume Research. 41(3): 392-398. doi: 10.18805/lr.v40i04.9010.

ABSTRACT

Pigeonpea is an important pulse crop and one of the major sources of protein in India. In the present study, investigations were undertaken to study the role of foliar spray of different plant growth regulators (PGRs) in altering morphology and enhancing the yield potential of pigeonpea varieties VBN 1, APK 1 and VRG 62. Among different plant growth regulators (PGRs) studied, foliar application of Giberellic acid (GA3) significantly increased plant height, number of leaves and branches in pigeonpea. This was followed by       Brassinosteroid (BR). Foliar application of PGRs significantly increased both the growth attributes and yield. Various yield components viz., days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, number of flowers per plant, number of pods per plant, number of clusters per plant, number of seeds per pod, hundred seed weight and harvest index were enhanced by PGR application. Maximum dry matter accumulation and fertility co-efficient was recorded in the treatment (T9), i.e., BR application @ 0.1 ppm than the other treatments. It is concluded that foliar application of BR @ 0.1ppm is advantageous in enhancing both growth and yield of Pigeonpea and thus BR foliar spray can be recommended for adoption by the farmers, to maximize the yield in Pigeonpea. 

REFERENCES

  1. Abdel-Wahed, M.S.A., Amin, A. A., and El-Rashad. S.M. (2006). Physiological effect of some bioregulators on vegetative growth, yield and chemical constituents of yellow maize plants. World J. Agric. Sci., 2(2): 149-155.
  2. Agricultural Statistics at a Glance. (2014): Government of India, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Oxford University Press.
  3. Bangal, D.B., Deshmukh S.N., and Patil. V.A. (1983). Contribution of pod-wall in grain development of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as influenced by foliar application of growth regulators and urea. Indian J. Plant Physiol., 25(3): 292-295.
  4. Bhatia, D.S. and Kaur J. (1997). Effect of homobrassinolide and humicil on chlorophyll content, hill activity and yield components in mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek). Phytomorphology, 47(4): 421-426.
  5. Biswas, A.K. and Mandal S.K. (1988). Manipulation of senescence, source-sink relationship and yield of wheat by growth regulating chemicals. Indian J. Plant Physiol., Vol. 31 (2): 152-159.
  6. De, G.C., and Haque. F.(1994). Effect of bio regulators in growth and yield of summer IR 36 rice. Oryza 31: 145-146.
  7. Dhashora, D., and Jain P.M. (1994). Effect of growth regulators and phosphorus levels on growth and yield of soybean. Madras Agric. J., 8: 235-237.
  8. Gomathi, R.(1996). Chemical manipulation on tield improvement in greengram [Vigna radidata (L.) Wilczek]. M.Sc. (Ag) Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
  9. Gutierrez-Coronado, M.A., Trejo-Lopez, C., and Karque-Saavedra. A.S. (1998). Effect of salicylic acid on the growth of roots and shoots in soybean. Plant Physiol. Biochem., 36(8):563.
  10. Heady, E.A. and Dillon T.L.. (1961). Agricultural Production Function, Iowa State University Press, U.S.A.
  11. Hewitt, F.R., T. Hough, P. O’neill, J.M. Sasse, E.G. Wiliams and K.S. Powar. (1985). Effect of brassinosteroid and other growth regulators on the germination and growth of pollen tubes of Prunus avium using a multiple hanging - drop assay. Aust. J. Plant Physiol., 12: 201-211.
  12. Jukanti A.K., Gaur, P.M., Gowda, C.L.L., and Chibbar R.N. (2012). Nutritional quality and health benefits of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.): a review. British Journal of Nutrition 108: S11-S26.
  13. Kalarani, M.K., Thangaraj, M., Sivakumar, R. and Mallika V. (2002). Effect of salicylic acid on tomato (Lycopercicon esculentum) productivity. Crop Res., 23:486-492.
  14. Kalita, M.M. (1989). Effect of phosphate and growth regulators on greengram. Indian J. Agron., 34: 236-237.
  15. Karan Singh. (1989). Hormonal regulation of reproductive phenomena and yield in chickpea. Ann. Plant Physiol., 3: 105-115.
  16. Khan, W., Balakrishnan, P., and Donald L.S. (2003). Photosynthetic responses of corn and soybean to foliar application of salicylates. J. Plant Physiol., 160:485-492.
  17. Lakshmamma, P., and Subba Rao I.V. (1996). Response of blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) to shade and Naphthalene acetic acid. Indian J. Plant Physiol., 1(1): 63-64.
  18. Li, L., and Van Staden J. (1998). Effects of plant growth regulators on the antioxidant system in seedlings of two maize cultivars subjected to water stress. Plant Growth Regul., 25: 81- 87.
  19. Ojeaga, O., and Ojehomon. (1972). Fruit abscission in cowpea (Vigna unquiculata (L). Wasp). J. Exp. Bot. 23: 751-761.
  20. Panse, V.G., and Sukhatme. P.V. (1961). Statistical Methods for Agricultural Workers. ICAR, New Delhi.
  21. Promila Kumari and Varma S.K. (1983). Genotypic differences in flower production, shedding and yield in mungbean (Vigna radiata). Indian J. Plant Physiol., 27: 402-405.
  22. Rajavel, M. (2004). Physiological studies on increasing yield potential in blackgran [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper ] genotypes with plant growth regulators M.Sc (Ag.) Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India.
  23. Ramesh, K., and Thirumurugan V.(2001). Effect of seed pelleting and foliar nutrition on growth of soybean. Madras Agric. J. 88: 465-468.
  24. Ravikumar, G.H., and Kulkarni G. N. (1988). Effect of growth regulators on seed quality in soybean genotypes. Seeds and farms. 14: 25-28.
  25. Sairam, R.K., (1994). Effect of homobrassinolide application on plant metabolism and grain yield under irrigated and moisture stress conditions of two wheat varieties. Plant Growth Regul., 14: 173-181.
  26. Shakirova, F.M., Skhabutdinova, A. R., Bezrukova, M. V., Fathutdinova R. A., and Fathutdinova, D. R. (2003). Changes in the hormonal status of wheat seedlings induced by salicylic acid and salinity. Plant Science, 164:317.
  27. Sivakumar, R., (2000). Physiological studies on increasing yield potential in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.) with plant growth regulator and chemicals. M.Sc. (Ag.) Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
  28. Solamani, A., Sivakumar, C., Anbumani, S., Suresh, T., and Arumugam. K. (2001). Role of plant geowth regulators on rice production: A review. Agric. Rev., 23:33-40.
  29. Umadevi, T.K., 1998. Studies on physiological basis of partitioning and its regulation for maximizing yield in Sesamum (Sesamum indicum L.) M.Sc. (Ag.), Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
  30. Vardhini, B.V., and Rao. S. S. R. (1997). Effect of brassinosteroids on salinity induced growth inhibition of ground nut seedlings. Indian J. Plant Physiol., 2(2): 156-157.
  31. Vardhini, B.V., and Rao. S. S. R.(2001). Effect of brassinosteroids on growth and yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) under field conditions. Indian J. Plant Physiol., 6: 326-328.
  32. Zhu, B.C., Su, J., Cham, M. C., Verma, D. P. S., Fan Y. L. and Wu R. (1998). Overexpression of pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase gene and analysis of tolerance to water stress and salt stress in transgenic rice. Plant Sci., 139: 41- 48. 
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    Research Article

    volume 41 issue 3 (june 2018) : 392-398,   Doi: 10.18805/lr.v40i04.9010

    Influence of plant growth regulators on yield and yield components in pigeonpea

    A
    A. Sumathi
    V
    V. Babu Rajendra Prasad
    M
    Mallika Vanangamudi
    1Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore- 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India
    Cite article:- Sumathi A., Prasad Rajendra Babu V., Vanangamudi Mallika (2017). Influence of plant growth regulators on yield and yield components in pigeonpea. Legume Research. 41(3): 392-398. doi: 10.18805/lr.v40i04.9010.

    ABSTRACT

    Pigeonpea is an important pulse crop and one of the major sources of protein in India. In the present study, investigations were undertaken to study the role of foliar spray of different plant growth regulators (PGRs) in altering morphology and enhancing the yield potential of pigeonpea varieties VBN 1, APK 1 and VRG 62. Among different plant growth regulators (PGRs) studied, foliar application of Giberellic acid (GA3) significantly increased plant height, number of leaves and branches in pigeonpea. This was followed by       Brassinosteroid (BR). Foliar application of PGRs significantly increased both the growth attributes and yield. Various yield components viz., days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, number of flowers per plant, number of pods per plant, number of clusters per plant, number of seeds per pod, hundred seed weight and harvest index were enhanced by PGR application. Maximum dry matter accumulation and fertility co-efficient was recorded in the treatment (T9), i.e., BR application @ 0.1 ppm than the other treatments. It is concluded that foliar application of BR @ 0.1ppm is advantageous in enhancing both growth and yield of Pigeonpea and thus BR foliar spray can be recommended for adoption by the farmers, to maximize the yield in Pigeonpea. 

    REFERENCES

    1. Abdel-Wahed, M.S.A., Amin, A. A., and El-Rashad. S.M. (2006). Physiological effect of some bioregulators on vegetative growth, yield and chemical constituents of yellow maize plants. World J. Agric. Sci., 2(2): 149-155.
    2. Agricultural Statistics at a Glance. (2014): Government of India, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Oxford University Press.
    3. Bangal, D.B., Deshmukh S.N., and Patil. V.A. (1983). Contribution of pod-wall in grain development of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as influenced by foliar application of growth regulators and urea. Indian J. Plant Physiol., 25(3): 292-295.
    4. Bhatia, D.S. and Kaur J. (1997). Effect of homobrassinolide and humicil on chlorophyll content, hill activity and yield components in mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek). Phytomorphology, 47(4): 421-426.
    5. Biswas, A.K. and Mandal S.K. (1988). Manipulation of senescence, source-sink relationship and yield of wheat by growth regulating chemicals. Indian J. Plant Physiol., Vol. 31 (2): 152-159.
    6. De, G.C., and Haque. F.(1994). Effect of bio regulators in growth and yield of summer IR 36 rice. Oryza 31: 145-146.
    7. Dhashora, D., and Jain P.M. (1994). Effect of growth regulators and phosphorus levels on growth and yield of soybean. Madras Agric. J., 8: 235-237.
    8. Gomathi, R.(1996). Chemical manipulation on tield improvement in greengram [Vigna radidata (L.) Wilczek]. M.Sc. (Ag) Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
    9. Gutierrez-Coronado, M.A., Trejo-Lopez, C., and Karque-Saavedra. A.S. (1998). Effect of salicylic acid on the growth of roots and shoots in soybean. Plant Physiol. Biochem., 36(8):563.
    10. Heady, E.A. and Dillon T.L.. (1961). Agricultural Production Function, Iowa State University Press, U.S.A.
    11. Hewitt, F.R., T. Hough, P. O’neill, J.M. Sasse, E.G. Wiliams and K.S. Powar. (1985). Effect of brassinosteroid and other growth regulators on the germination and growth of pollen tubes of Prunus avium using a multiple hanging - drop assay. Aust. J. Plant Physiol., 12: 201-211.
    12. Jukanti A.K., Gaur, P.M., Gowda, C.L.L., and Chibbar R.N. (2012). Nutritional quality and health benefits of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.): a review. British Journal of Nutrition 108: S11-S26.
    13. Kalarani, M.K., Thangaraj, M., Sivakumar, R. and Mallika V. (2002). Effect of salicylic acid on tomato (Lycopercicon esculentum) productivity. Crop Res., 23:486-492.
    14. Kalita, M.M. (1989). Effect of phosphate and growth regulators on greengram. Indian J. Agron., 34: 236-237.
    15. Karan Singh. (1989). Hormonal regulation of reproductive phenomena and yield in chickpea. Ann. Plant Physiol., 3: 105-115.
    16. Khan, W., Balakrishnan, P., and Donald L.S. (2003). Photosynthetic responses of corn and soybean to foliar application of salicylates. J. Plant Physiol., 160:485-492.
    17. Lakshmamma, P., and Subba Rao I.V. (1996). Response of blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) to shade and Naphthalene acetic acid. Indian J. Plant Physiol., 1(1): 63-64.
    18. Li, L., and Van Staden J. (1998). Effects of plant growth regulators on the antioxidant system in seedlings of two maize cultivars subjected to water stress. Plant Growth Regul., 25: 81- 87.
    19. Ojeaga, O., and Ojehomon. (1972). Fruit abscission in cowpea (Vigna unquiculata (L). Wasp). J. Exp. Bot. 23: 751-761.
    20. Panse, V.G., and Sukhatme. P.V. (1961). Statistical Methods for Agricultural Workers. ICAR, New Delhi.
    21. Promila Kumari and Varma S.K. (1983). Genotypic differences in flower production, shedding and yield in mungbean (Vigna radiata). Indian J. Plant Physiol., 27: 402-405.
    22. Rajavel, M. (2004). Physiological studies on increasing yield potential in blackgran [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper ] genotypes with plant growth regulators M.Sc (Ag.) Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India.
    23. Ramesh, K., and Thirumurugan V.(2001). Effect of seed pelleting and foliar nutrition on growth of soybean. Madras Agric. J. 88: 465-468.
    24. Ravikumar, G.H., and Kulkarni G. N. (1988). Effect of growth regulators on seed quality in soybean genotypes. Seeds and farms. 14: 25-28.
    25. Sairam, R.K., (1994). Effect of homobrassinolide application on plant metabolism and grain yield under irrigated and moisture stress conditions of two wheat varieties. Plant Growth Regul., 14: 173-181.
    26. Shakirova, F.M., Skhabutdinova, A. R., Bezrukova, M. V., Fathutdinova R. A., and Fathutdinova, D. R. (2003). Changes in the hormonal status of wheat seedlings induced by salicylic acid and salinity. Plant Science, 164:317.
    27. Sivakumar, R., (2000). Physiological studies on increasing yield potential in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.) with plant growth regulator and chemicals. M.Sc. (Ag.) Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
    28. Solamani, A., Sivakumar, C., Anbumani, S., Suresh, T., and Arumugam. K. (2001). Role of plant geowth regulators on rice production: A review. Agric. Rev., 23:33-40.
    29. Umadevi, T.K., 1998. Studies on physiological basis of partitioning and its regulation for maximizing yield in Sesamum (Sesamum indicum L.) M.Sc. (Ag.), Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
    30. Vardhini, B.V., and Rao. S. S. R. (1997). Effect of brassinosteroids on salinity induced growth inhibition of ground nut seedlings. Indian J. Plant Physiol., 2(2): 156-157.
    31. Vardhini, B.V., and Rao. S. S. R.(2001). Effect of brassinosteroids on growth and yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) under field conditions. Indian J. Plant Physiol., 6: 326-328.
    32. Zhu, B.C., Su, J., Cham, M. C., Verma, D. P. S., Fan Y. L. and Wu R. (1998). Overexpression of pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase gene and analysis of tolerance to water stress and salt stress in transgenic rice. Plant Sci., 139: 41- 48. 
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