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Research Article

volume 41 issue 2 (april 2018) : 253-258,   Doi: 10.18805/LR-353

Morphological and biochemical responses of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) ecotypes to salinity

R
Ramazan Beyaz
C
Cengiz Sancak
M
Mustafa Yildiz
1Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Ahi Evran University, Kirșehir-40100, Turkey.

  • Submitted08-03-2017|

  • Accepted31-08-2017|

  • First Online 23-10-2017|

  • doi 10.18805/LR-353

Cite article:- Beyaz Ramazan, Sancak Cengiz, Yildiz Mustafa (2017). Morphological and biochemical responses of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) ecotypes to salinity. Legume Research. 41(2): 253-258. doi: 10.18805/LR-353.

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different NaCl concentrations (0, 100 and 150 mM) on the morphological and biochemical  parameters of different sainfoin ecotypes ‘Koçaº’, ‘Malya,’ ‘Altýnova’ and ‘Ulaþ’ under controlled conditions. The morphological parameters included seed germination, seedling and root lengths, and seedling fresh and dry weights while the biochemical parameters included chlorophyll and proline contents, lipid peroxidation (MDA), and the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, APX, and GR). The results demonstrated that increase in NaCl concentration caused an overall decrease in morphological parameters and an increase in the biochemical parameters in all ecotypes. The findings showed that among all ecotypes, ‘Koçaþ’ had higher chlorophyll and proline content, increased activity of CAT, GR, and APX, and increased fresh and dry weight in response to salt stress. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the evaluation of enzymatic and non-enzymatic defense systems in sainfoin plants under salt stress. 

REFERENCES

  1. Amira, M.S. and Qados, A. (2011). Effect of salt stress on plant growth and metabolism of bean plant Vicia faba (L.). Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 10:7-15.
  2. Balal, R.M., Khan, M.M., Shahid, M.A., Mattson, N.S., Abbas, T., Ashfaq, M., Garcia-Sanchez, F., Ghazanfer, U., Gimeno, V., Iqbal, Z. (2012). Comparative studies on the physiobiochemical, enzymatic, and ionic modifications in salt-tolerant and salt-    sensitive citrus rootstocks under NaCl stress. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 137(2):86-95. 
  3. Bates, L. S., Waldren, R. P., Teare, I. D. (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant Soil., 39: 205-207.
  4. Bokari, U.G. (1983). Chlorophyll, dry matter, and photosynthetic conversion-efficiency relationships in warm-season grasses. Journal of Range Management, 36(4):431-434.
  5. Cakmak, I. and Marschner H. (1992). Magnesium defficiency and higlight intensity enhance activities of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase in bean leaves. Plant Physiol., 98:1222-1226.
  6. Çakmak, I., Atlý, M., Kaya, R., Evliya, H., Marschner H. (1994). Association of high light and zinc deficiency in cold-induced leaf chlorosis in grapefruit and mandarin trees. J. Plant Physiol., 146:355-360.
  7. Caverzan, A., Casassola, A., Brammer, S.P. (2016). Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzymes involved in plant tolerance to stress abiotic and biotic stress in plants - Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. Intech Book 463-480.
  8. Chaitanya, K.V., Krishna Ch. R., Ramana, G. V., Beebi, SK. K. (2014). Salinity stress and sustainable agriculture- a review. Agri. Reviews, 35 (1):34-41.
  9. Cha-um, S., Batin, C. B., Samphumphung, T., Kidmanee, C. (2013). Physio-morphological changes of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata Walp.) and jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC.) in responses to soil salinity. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 7(13):2128-2135. 
  10. Cokkýzgýn, A. (2012). Salinity stress in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seed germination. Not Bot Horti Agrobo, 40(1):177-182.
  11. Curtis, O.F. and Shetty, K. (1996). Growth medium effects on vitrification, total phenolics, chlorophyll, and water content of in vitro propagated oregano clones. Acta Horticulture, 426: 498-503.
  12. Dhanyalakshmi, K. H., Vijayalakshmi, C., Boominathan, P. (2013). Evaluation of physiological and biochemical responses of rice (Oryza Sativa L.) varieties to salt stress. Indian J. Agric. Res., 47 (2) : 91-99.
  13. El-Sbagh, A., Omar, A.E., Saneoka, H., Barutçular, C. (2015). Physiological performance of soybean germination and seedling growth under salinity stress. Dicle University Institute of Natural and Applied Science Journal, 4(1): 6-15.
  14. Erkovan, H.I., Gullap, M.K., Erkovan, S., Koc, A. (2016). Horned sainfoin (Onobrychis Cornuta (L.) Desv.): is it an amusing or nuisance plant for steppe rangelands? Ecology & Safety, 10:1314-7234.
  15. Fang, Y., Li, J., Jiang, J., Geng, Y., Wang, J., Wang, Y. (2017). Physiological and epigenetic analyses of Brassica napus seed germination in response to salt stress. Acta Physiol Plant, 39:1-12.
  16. Gill, S.S. and Tuteja, N. (2010). Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant machinery in abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 48 : 909-930.
  17. Kempf, K., Mora-Ortiz, M., Smith, L.M.J., Kölliker, R., Skøt L. (2016). Characterization of novel SSR markers in diverse sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) germplasm. BMC Genetics, 17:124.
  18. Kusvuran, A. (2015). The effects of salt stress on the germination and antioxidative enzyme activity of Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz.) varieties. Legume Research, 38 (1):51-59.
  19. Kusvuran, S. and Dasgan, H.Y. (2017). Effects of drought stress on physiological and biochemical changes in Phaseolus vulgaris L. Legume Research, 40 (1):55-62.
  20. Lum, M.S., Hanafi, M.M., Rafii, Y.M., Akmar, A.S.N. (2014). Effect of drought stress on growth, proline and antioxidant enzyme activities of upland rice. The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 24(5):1487-1493.
  21. Lutts, S., Kinet, J. M., Bouharmont, J. (1996). NaCl-Induced senesence in leaves of rice (Oryza sativa l.) cultivars differing in salinity resistance. Ann. Bot., 78:389-398.
  22. Ozturk, L., Demir, Y., Unlukara, A., Karatas, I., Kurunc, A., Duzdemir, O. (2012). Effects of long-term salt stress on antioxidant system, chlorophyll and proline contents in pea leaves. Romanian Biotechnological Letters, 17(3):7227-7236.
  23. Praxedes, S.C., Damatta, F.M., Lacerda, C., Prisco, J.T., Filho, E.G. (2014). Salt stress tolerance in cowpea is poorly related to the ability to cope with oxidative stress. Acta Bot. Croat., 73(1): 51-62.
  24. Ramana, G.V., Padhy, S.P., Chaitanya, K.V. (2012). Differential Responses of Four Soybean (Glycine Max. L) Cultivars to Salinity Stress. Legume Res., 35 (3):185-193.
  25. Rasool, S., Ahmad, A., Siddiqi, T.O., Ahmad, P. (2013). Changes in growth, lipid peroxidation and some key antioxidant enzymes in chickpea genotypes under salt stress. Acta Physiol Plant, 35:1039-1050.
  26. Sharma, P., Jha, A.B., Dubey R.S., Pessarakli, M. (2012). Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Damage, and Antioxidative Defense Mechanism in Plants under Stressful Conditions. Journal of Botany 1-26.
  27. Snedecor, G.W. and Cochran, W.G. (1967). Statistical Methods. The Iowa State University Press, Iowa, USA.
  28. Taibi, K., Taibi, F., Abderrahima, L.A., Ennajah, A., Belkhodja M., MiguelMulet, J. (2016). Effect of salt stress on growth, chlorophyll content, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defence systems in Phaseolus vulgaris L. South African Journal of Botany, 105:306-312.
  29. Tayyab, Azeem, M., Qasim, M., Ahmed, N., Ahmad, R. (2016). Salt stress responses of pigeon pea (Cajanus Cajan) on growth, yield and some biochemical attributes. Pak. J. Bot., 48(4): 1353-1360.
  30. Temel, S., Keskin, B., ªimºek, U., Yilmaz, Ý.H. (2016). The effect of saline and non-saline soil conditions on yield and nutritional characteristics of some perennial legumes forages. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 22:528-538.
  31. Wu, G.-Q., Feng, R.-J., Li, S.-J., Du, Y.-Y. (2017). Exogenous application of proline alleviates salt-induced toxicity in sainfoin seedlings. The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 27(1): 246-251. 
  32. Yasar, F., Uzal, O., Yasar, O. (2016). Antioxidant enzyme activities and lipidperoxidation amount of pea varieties (Pisum Sativum Sp. Arvense L.) under salt stress. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 25(1):37-42. 
  33. Zhang, L., Ma, H., Chen, T., Pen, J., Yu, S., Zhao, X. (2014). Morphological and physiological responses of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants to salinity. Plos One, 9(11):1-14. 
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    Research Article

    volume 41 issue 2 (april 2018) : 253-258,   Doi: 10.18805/LR-353

    Morphological and biochemical responses of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) ecotypes to salinity

    R
    Ramazan Beyaz
    C
    Cengiz Sancak
    M
    Mustafa Yildiz
    1Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Ahi Evran University, Kirșehir-40100, Turkey.

    • Submitted08-03-2017|

    • Accepted31-08-2017|

    • First Online 23-10-2017|

    • doi 10.18805/LR-353

    Cite article:- Beyaz Ramazan, Sancak Cengiz, Yildiz Mustafa (2017). Morphological and biochemical responses of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) ecotypes to salinity. Legume Research. 41(2): 253-258. doi: 10.18805/LR-353.

    ABSTRACT

    This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different NaCl concentrations (0, 100 and 150 mM) on the morphological and biochemical  parameters of different sainfoin ecotypes ‘Koçaº’, ‘Malya,’ ‘Altýnova’ and ‘Ulaþ’ under controlled conditions. The morphological parameters included seed germination, seedling and root lengths, and seedling fresh and dry weights while the biochemical parameters included chlorophyll and proline contents, lipid peroxidation (MDA), and the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, APX, and GR). The results demonstrated that increase in NaCl concentration caused an overall decrease in morphological parameters and an increase in the biochemical parameters in all ecotypes. The findings showed that among all ecotypes, ‘Koçaþ’ had higher chlorophyll and proline content, increased activity of CAT, GR, and APX, and increased fresh and dry weight in response to salt stress. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the evaluation of enzymatic and non-enzymatic defense systems in sainfoin plants under salt stress. 

    REFERENCES

    1. Amira, M.S. and Qados, A. (2011). Effect of salt stress on plant growth and metabolism of bean plant Vicia faba (L.). Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 10:7-15.
    2. Balal, R.M., Khan, M.M., Shahid, M.A., Mattson, N.S., Abbas, T., Ashfaq, M., Garcia-Sanchez, F., Ghazanfer, U., Gimeno, V., Iqbal, Z. (2012). Comparative studies on the physiobiochemical, enzymatic, and ionic modifications in salt-tolerant and salt-    sensitive citrus rootstocks under NaCl stress. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 137(2):86-95. 
    3. Bates, L. S., Waldren, R. P., Teare, I. D. (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant Soil., 39: 205-207.
    4. Bokari, U.G. (1983). Chlorophyll, dry matter, and photosynthetic conversion-efficiency relationships in warm-season grasses. Journal of Range Management, 36(4):431-434.
    5. Cakmak, I. and Marschner H. (1992). Magnesium defficiency and higlight intensity enhance activities of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase in bean leaves. Plant Physiol., 98:1222-1226.
    6. Çakmak, I., Atlý, M., Kaya, R., Evliya, H., Marschner H. (1994). Association of high light and zinc deficiency in cold-induced leaf chlorosis in grapefruit and mandarin trees. J. Plant Physiol., 146:355-360.
    7. Caverzan, A., Casassola, A., Brammer, S.P. (2016). Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzymes involved in plant tolerance to stress abiotic and biotic stress in plants - Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. Intech Book 463-480.
    8. Chaitanya, K.V., Krishna Ch. R., Ramana, G. V., Beebi, SK. K. (2014). Salinity stress and sustainable agriculture- a review. Agri. Reviews, 35 (1):34-41.
    9. Cha-um, S., Batin, C. B., Samphumphung, T., Kidmanee, C. (2013). Physio-morphological changes of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata Walp.) and jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC.) in responses to soil salinity. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 7(13):2128-2135. 
    10. Cokkýzgýn, A. (2012). Salinity stress in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seed germination. Not Bot Horti Agrobo, 40(1):177-182.
    11. Curtis, O.F. and Shetty, K. (1996). Growth medium effects on vitrification, total phenolics, chlorophyll, and water content of in vitro propagated oregano clones. Acta Horticulture, 426: 498-503.
    12. Dhanyalakshmi, K. H., Vijayalakshmi, C., Boominathan, P. (2013). Evaluation of physiological and biochemical responses of rice (Oryza Sativa L.) varieties to salt stress. Indian J. Agric. Res., 47 (2) : 91-99.
    13. El-Sbagh, A., Omar, A.E., Saneoka, H., Barutçular, C. (2015). Physiological performance of soybean germination and seedling growth under salinity stress. Dicle University Institute of Natural and Applied Science Journal, 4(1): 6-15.
    14. Erkovan, H.I., Gullap, M.K., Erkovan, S., Koc, A. (2016). Horned sainfoin (Onobrychis Cornuta (L.) Desv.): is it an amusing or nuisance plant for steppe rangelands? Ecology & Safety, 10:1314-7234.
    15. Fang, Y., Li, J., Jiang, J., Geng, Y., Wang, J., Wang, Y. (2017). Physiological and epigenetic analyses of Brassica napus seed germination in response to salt stress. Acta Physiol Plant, 39:1-12.
    16. Gill, S.S. and Tuteja, N. (2010). Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant machinery in abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 48 : 909-930.
    17. Kempf, K., Mora-Ortiz, M., Smith, L.M.J., Kölliker, R., Skøt L. (2016). Characterization of novel SSR markers in diverse sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) germplasm. BMC Genetics, 17:124.
    18. Kusvuran, A. (2015). The effects of salt stress on the germination and antioxidative enzyme activity of Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz.) varieties. Legume Research, 38 (1):51-59.
    19. Kusvuran, S. and Dasgan, H.Y. (2017). Effects of drought stress on physiological and biochemical changes in Phaseolus vulgaris L. Legume Research, 40 (1):55-62.
    20. Lum, M.S., Hanafi, M.M., Rafii, Y.M., Akmar, A.S.N. (2014). Effect of drought stress on growth, proline and antioxidant enzyme activities of upland rice. The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 24(5):1487-1493.
    21. Lutts, S., Kinet, J. M., Bouharmont, J. (1996). NaCl-Induced senesence in leaves of rice (Oryza sativa l.) cultivars differing in salinity resistance. Ann. Bot., 78:389-398.
    22. Ozturk, L., Demir, Y., Unlukara, A., Karatas, I., Kurunc, A., Duzdemir, O. (2012). Effects of long-term salt stress on antioxidant system, chlorophyll and proline contents in pea leaves. Romanian Biotechnological Letters, 17(3):7227-7236.
    23. Praxedes, S.C., Damatta, F.M., Lacerda, C., Prisco, J.T., Filho, E.G. (2014). Salt stress tolerance in cowpea is poorly related to the ability to cope with oxidative stress. Acta Bot. Croat., 73(1): 51-62.
    24. Ramana, G.V., Padhy, S.P., Chaitanya, K.V. (2012). Differential Responses of Four Soybean (Glycine Max. L) Cultivars to Salinity Stress. Legume Res., 35 (3):185-193.
    25. Rasool, S., Ahmad, A., Siddiqi, T.O., Ahmad, P. (2013). Changes in growth, lipid peroxidation and some key antioxidant enzymes in chickpea genotypes under salt stress. Acta Physiol Plant, 35:1039-1050.
    26. Sharma, P., Jha, A.B., Dubey R.S., Pessarakli, M. (2012). Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Damage, and Antioxidative Defense Mechanism in Plants under Stressful Conditions. Journal of Botany 1-26.
    27. Snedecor, G.W. and Cochran, W.G. (1967). Statistical Methods. The Iowa State University Press, Iowa, USA.
    28. Taibi, K., Taibi, F., Abderrahima, L.A., Ennajah, A., Belkhodja M., MiguelMulet, J. (2016). Effect of salt stress on growth, chlorophyll content, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defence systems in Phaseolus vulgaris L. South African Journal of Botany, 105:306-312.
    29. Tayyab, Azeem, M., Qasim, M., Ahmed, N., Ahmad, R. (2016). Salt stress responses of pigeon pea (Cajanus Cajan) on growth, yield and some biochemical attributes. Pak. J. Bot., 48(4): 1353-1360.
    30. Temel, S., Keskin, B., ªimºek, U., Yilmaz, Ý.H. (2016). The effect of saline and non-saline soil conditions on yield and nutritional characteristics of some perennial legumes forages. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 22:528-538.
    31. Wu, G.-Q., Feng, R.-J., Li, S.-J., Du, Y.-Y. (2017). Exogenous application of proline alleviates salt-induced toxicity in sainfoin seedlings. The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 27(1): 246-251. 
    32. Yasar, F., Uzal, O., Yasar, O. (2016). Antioxidant enzyme activities and lipidperoxidation amount of pea varieties (Pisum Sativum Sp. Arvense L.) under salt stress. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 25(1):37-42. 
    33. Zhang, L., Ma, H., Chen, T., Pen, J., Yu, S., Zhao, X. (2014). Morphological and physiological responses of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants to salinity. Plos One, 9(11):1-14. 
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