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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

volume 38 issue 4 (august 2015) : 488-495,   Doi: 10.5958/0976-0571.2015.00133.2

Effects of sewage sludge used as fertilizer on the yield and chemical contents of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) and soil

V
V. Saruhan A. Kusvuran
K
K. Kokten
1Faculty of Agriculture Field Crops Department, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
Cite article:- Kusvuran A. Saruhan V., Kokten K. (2025). Effects of sewage sludge used as fertilizer on the yield and chemical contents of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) and soil. Legume Research. 38(4): 488-495. doi: 10.5958/0976-0571.2015.00133.2.

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to determine the effects of sewage sludge (SS) used as fertilizer at different concentrations [Control, 20 kg ha–1 nitrogen (N), 30 ton ha–1 SS (S1), 60 ton ha–1 SS (S2) and 90 ton ha–1 SS (S3), 20 kg ha–1 N + 30 ton ha1 SS (N + S1), 20 kg ha–1 N + 60 ton ha–1 SS (N + S2) and 20 kg ha–1 N + 90 ton ha–1 SS (N + S3)] on common vetch yields and chemical features. For this purpose, an increasing level of SS was applied to the soil samples. The residuals of some heavy metal (Hg, Cr, Fe, Ni, Zn, Mn, Cd, Pb, Cu, Co, and Se) and macro element (K, Ca, Na, Mg, C, and S) concentrations were measured in leafs, seeds and soils. According to the results of this study, SS, when applied to soil in increasing amounts, raised the mineral matter contents of the plants, which favorably affected plant growth. Accordingly, it affected the herbage yield, increasing the yield in parallel with the increasing SS concentrations. Applying N with the SS positively influenced the heavy metal contents on leafs and seeds of common vetch and residue in the soil. Besides, the heavy metal contents were found at below critical levels in the soil, leaf and seeds. Therefore, SS application as fertilizer used in appropriate concentrations did not pollute the soil very much, but did lead to an increase in plant products.

REFERENCES

  1. Angelova, V, Ivanova, R, Delibaltova, V. and Ivanov, K. (2004). Bio-accumulation and Distribution of Heavy Metals in Fibre Crops (flax, cotton and hemp). Industrial Crops and Products. 19: 197-205.
  2. Anonymous (1999). Biosolids Generation, Use and Disposal in the United States. EPA530-R-99-009. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response Washington DC.
  3. Anonymous (2010). Regulation for the use of urban and municipal sewage sludge on soil. Legislation Ministry of Environment and Forest. Available in http://www2.cevreorman.gov.tr/yasa/yonetmelik.asp. 03 Aug. 2010 (in Turkish).
  4. Asik, B.B. and Katkat, A.V. (2004). Possibilities of the usage of food industry treatment waste (sludge) for agricultural area purposes. Uludag University Journal of Agricultural Faculty. 18(2): 59-71
  5. Asik, B.B., Aydinalp, C, Sagban, F.O.T. and Katkat, A.V. (2013). Effects of application of different wastewater sludge on loamy texture soil and plant growth. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 22(9A): 2721-2730
  6. Bozkurt, M.A., Erdal, I., Cimrin, K.M., Karaca, S. and Saglam, M. (2000). The effect of municipal sewage sludge and humic acid applications on nutrient and heavy metal concentrations of corn. Ankara Uni. J. of Agri. Sci., 6(4): 35-43
  7. Bozkurt, M.A. and Yarilga, T. (2003). The effects of sewage sludge applications on the yield, growth, nutrition and heavy metal accumulation in apple trees growing in dry conditions. Turkish J. Agri. For. 27: 285-292
  8. Bozkurt, M.A., Akdeniz, H., Keskin, B. and Yilmaz, I.H. (2006). Possibilities of using sewage sludge as nitrogen fertilizer for maize. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Soil & Plant Science. 56(2): 143-149.
  9. Cicik, B. (2003). The Effects of Copper-Zinc Interaction on the accumulation of metals in liver, gill and muscle tissues of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Ecology Environment Journal. 48: 32-36.
  10. Dogan, M. (2013). Determining the heavy metal concentrations in plants exposed to exhaust gases alongside the Sanliurfa Highway. Ekoloji. 22(89): 40-48.
  11. Filibeli, A. (2005). Wastewater sludge processing. DE Uni. Faculty of Eng. Press Units Ýzmir Turkey (in Turkish).
  12. Isgenc, M.F. and Kinay, E.H. (2005). Sludge in Turkey. I. National sludge symposium I, 23-25 March 2005, 1:519-528.
  13. Karavin, N., Cansaran, A. and Yildirim, C. (2014). Investigation on heavy metal accumulation of Aesculus hippocastanum L., Platanus orientalis L. and Populus alba L. and determining the pollution levels in Amasya, Central Black Sea Region of Turkey. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin. 23(4): 1080-1084
  14. Kaptan, H. and Kizilgöz, I. (1998). Environmental Pollution. Harran Uni. Agricultural Faculty Course Notes pp: 9 (in Turkish).
  15. Korkmaz, M., Uzgoren, E., Bakirdere, S., Aydin, F. and Ataman, O.Y. (2007). Effects of dietary boron on cervical cytopathology and on micronucleus frequency in exfoliated buccal cells. Environ. Toxicol. 22(1): 17-25.
  16. Kucukhemek, M., Gur, K. and Uyanoz, R. (2008). The effect of farmyard manure, municipal sludge and their mixtures on some macro nutrient contents and yield of pasture grass. Selcuk University J. of Agri. Fac. 22(45): 94-104
  17. Lopez-Mosquera, M.E., Moiron, C. and Seoane, S. (2002). Change in chemical properties of an acid soil after application of dairly sludge. Invest. Agro. Prod. Prot. Veg. 17(1): 78-86.
  18. Madyiwa, S., Chimbari, M., Nyamangara, J. and Bangira, C. (2002). Cumulative effects of sewage sludge and effluent mixture application on soil properties of sandy soil under a mixture of star and kikuyu grasses in Zimbabwe. Phy.Chem. Earth. 27: 747-753.
  19. Ma del Mar, D.A., Miguel Ángel, P.C., Rosario Miralles De, I.R., Eulalia Ma Beltran, R., Luisa, B. and José Valero, M.S. (2002). Sewage sludge compost fertilizer effect on maize yield and soil heavy metal concentration. Revista Internacional de Contamination Ambient. 18(3): 147-150.
  20. Morera, M.T., Echeverria, J. and Garrido, J. (2002). Bioavailability of heavy metals in soils amended with sewage sludge. Canadian J. of Agri. Sci. 82: 433–438.
  21. Qiang, L., Yang, W., Jingshuang, L. and Qicun, W. (2014). Comparative assessment of heavy metals in suburban vegetable plots of Changchun, Dehui and Nongan, Northeast China. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 23(4): 1036-1044
  22. Rico, A., Olcina, J. and Panos, V. (2003). Rasgos geograficos de las tierras del Alto Vinalopo. In: Bello A, Lopez-Perez JA, Garcia Alvarez A (eds.) Biofumigacion en agricultura axtensiva de regadio, produccion integrada de horticolas. Mundi-Prensa SA, Fundacion Rural Caja Alicante 39-88.
  23. Rizzardini, C.B. and Goi, D. (2009). Considerations about European Directives and Italian Regulation on Sludge from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants: Current Status and Future Prospective. The Open Waste Mng. J. 2: 17-26.
  24. Saglam, C. (2013). Heavy metal accumulation in edible parts of some cultivated plants and media samples from a volcanic region in Southern Turkey. Ekoloji. 22(86): 1-8.
  25. Saruhan, V., Gul, I. and Aydin, I. (2010). The effects of sewage sludge used as fertilizer on agronomic and chemical features of bird’s foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) and soil pollution. Sci Research and Essays. 5(17): 2567-2573.
  26. Sanchez-Monedore, M.A., Mondini, C., Nobili, M., Leita, L. and Roig, A. (2004). Land application of biosolids: Soil response to different stabilization degree of treated organic matter. Waste Management 24: 325-332.
  27. Shomar, B.H., Muller, G. and Yahya, A. (2004). Potential use of treated wastewater and sludge in the agricultural sector of the Gaza Strip. Clean Technology Environment Policy. 6: 128-137.
  28. Singh, S. and Kumar, M. (2006). Heavy metal load of soil, water and vegetables in peri-urban Delhi. Environmental Monitoring Assessment. 120: 79-91.
  29. Sommers, L.E. (1997). Chemical composition of sewage sludges and analysis of their potential use as fertilizer. J. of Envi. Quality. 6: 225-232.
  30. Soumare, M., Demeyer, A., Tack, F.M.G. and Verloo, M.G. (2002). Chemical characteristics of malian and belgian solid waste composts. Bioresource Technology 81: 97-101.
  31. Topcuoglu, B., Onal, M.K. and Ari, N. (2003). Effects of the soil applications of municipal sewage sludge on tomato plant. I. Plant Nutrients and Heavy Metal Contents. Akdeniz Uni. J. of Agri. Fac. 16(1): 87-96 (in Turkish with English abstract).
  32. Tuncsoy, M. and Erdem, C. (2013). Accumulation of copper, zinc and cadmium in liver, gill and muscle tissues of Oreochromis niloticus exposed to these metals separately and in mixture. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin. 23(5): 1143-1149.
  33. Wang, X., Chen, T., Ge, Y. and Jia, Y. (2008). Studies on land application of sewage sludge and its limiting factors. J. of Hazardous Materials. 160(2-3): 554-558.
  34. Vural, A. (2013). Assessment of Heavy Metal Accumulation in the Roadside Soil and Plants of Robinia pseudoacacia, in Gumushane, Northeastern Turkey. Ekoloji. 22(89): 1-10.
  35. Yildiz, A., Karakaplan, M. and Aydin, F. (1998). Studies on Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq, ex Fr.) Kum. var. salignus (Pers. ex Fr.) Konr. et Maubl.: cultivation, proximate composition, organic and mineral composition of carpophores. Food Chem. 61(1-2): 127-130.
  36. Zufiaurre, R., Oliver, A., Chamorro, P., Nerin, C. and Callizo, A. (1998). Speciation of metals in sewage sludge for agriculture uses. Analyst. 123: 255–259.
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    volume 38 issue 4 (august 2015) : 488-495,   Doi: 10.5958/0976-0571.2015.00133.2

    Effects of sewage sludge used as fertilizer on the yield and chemical contents of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) and soil

    V
    V. Saruhan A. Kusvuran
    K
    K. Kokten
    1Faculty of Agriculture Field Crops Department, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
    Cite article:- Kusvuran A. Saruhan V., Kokten K. (2025). Effects of sewage sludge used as fertilizer on the yield and chemical contents of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) and soil. Legume Research. 38(4): 488-495. doi: 10.5958/0976-0571.2015.00133.2.

    ABSTRACT

    This study was conducted to determine the effects of sewage sludge (SS) used as fertilizer at different concentrations [Control, 20 kg ha–1 nitrogen (N), 30 ton ha–1 SS (S1), 60 ton ha–1 SS (S2) and 90 ton ha–1 SS (S3), 20 kg ha–1 N + 30 ton ha1 SS (N + S1), 20 kg ha–1 N + 60 ton ha–1 SS (N + S2) and 20 kg ha–1 N + 90 ton ha–1 SS (N + S3)] on common vetch yields and chemical features. For this purpose, an increasing level of SS was applied to the soil samples. The residuals of some heavy metal (Hg, Cr, Fe, Ni, Zn, Mn, Cd, Pb, Cu, Co, and Se) and macro element (K, Ca, Na, Mg, C, and S) concentrations were measured in leafs, seeds and soils. According to the results of this study, SS, when applied to soil in increasing amounts, raised the mineral matter contents of the plants, which favorably affected plant growth. Accordingly, it affected the herbage yield, increasing the yield in parallel with the increasing SS concentrations. Applying N with the SS positively influenced the heavy metal contents on leafs and seeds of common vetch and residue in the soil. Besides, the heavy metal contents were found at below critical levels in the soil, leaf and seeds. Therefore, SS application as fertilizer used in appropriate concentrations did not pollute the soil very much, but did lead to an increase in plant products.

    REFERENCES

    1. Angelova, V, Ivanova, R, Delibaltova, V. and Ivanov, K. (2004). Bio-accumulation and Distribution of Heavy Metals in Fibre Crops (flax, cotton and hemp). Industrial Crops and Products. 19: 197-205.
    2. Anonymous (1999). Biosolids Generation, Use and Disposal in the United States. EPA530-R-99-009. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response Washington DC.
    3. Anonymous (2010). Regulation for the use of urban and municipal sewage sludge on soil. Legislation Ministry of Environment and Forest. Available in http://www2.cevreorman.gov.tr/yasa/yonetmelik.asp. 03 Aug. 2010 (in Turkish).
    4. Asik, B.B. and Katkat, A.V. (2004). Possibilities of the usage of food industry treatment waste (sludge) for agricultural area purposes. Uludag University Journal of Agricultural Faculty. 18(2): 59-71
    5. Asik, B.B., Aydinalp, C, Sagban, F.O.T. and Katkat, A.V. (2013). Effects of application of different wastewater sludge on loamy texture soil and plant growth. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 22(9A): 2721-2730
    6. Bozkurt, M.A., Erdal, I., Cimrin, K.M., Karaca, S. and Saglam, M. (2000). The effect of municipal sewage sludge and humic acid applications on nutrient and heavy metal concentrations of corn. Ankara Uni. J. of Agri. Sci., 6(4): 35-43
    7. Bozkurt, M.A. and Yarilga, T. (2003). The effects of sewage sludge applications on the yield, growth, nutrition and heavy metal accumulation in apple trees growing in dry conditions. Turkish J. Agri. For. 27: 285-292
    8. Bozkurt, M.A., Akdeniz, H., Keskin, B. and Yilmaz, I.H. (2006). Possibilities of using sewage sludge as nitrogen fertilizer for maize. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Soil & Plant Science. 56(2): 143-149.
    9. Cicik, B. (2003). The Effects of Copper-Zinc Interaction on the accumulation of metals in liver, gill and muscle tissues of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Ecology Environment Journal. 48: 32-36.
    10. Dogan, M. (2013). Determining the heavy metal concentrations in plants exposed to exhaust gases alongside the Sanliurfa Highway. Ekoloji. 22(89): 40-48.
    11. Filibeli, A. (2005). Wastewater sludge processing. DE Uni. Faculty of Eng. Press Units Ýzmir Turkey (in Turkish).
    12. Isgenc, M.F. and Kinay, E.H. (2005). Sludge in Turkey. I. National sludge symposium I, 23-25 March 2005, 1:519-528.
    13. Karavin, N., Cansaran, A. and Yildirim, C. (2014). Investigation on heavy metal accumulation of Aesculus hippocastanum L., Platanus orientalis L. and Populus alba L. and determining the pollution levels in Amasya, Central Black Sea Region of Turkey. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin. 23(4): 1080-1084
    14. Kaptan, H. and Kizilgöz, I. (1998). Environmental Pollution. Harran Uni. Agricultural Faculty Course Notes pp: 9 (in Turkish).
    15. Korkmaz, M., Uzgoren, E., Bakirdere, S., Aydin, F. and Ataman, O.Y. (2007). Effects of dietary boron on cervical cytopathology and on micronucleus frequency in exfoliated buccal cells. Environ. Toxicol. 22(1): 17-25.
    16. Kucukhemek, M., Gur, K. and Uyanoz, R. (2008). The effect of farmyard manure, municipal sludge and their mixtures on some macro nutrient contents and yield of pasture grass. Selcuk University J. of Agri. Fac. 22(45): 94-104
    17. Lopez-Mosquera, M.E., Moiron, C. and Seoane, S. (2002). Change in chemical properties of an acid soil after application of dairly sludge. Invest. Agro. Prod. Prot. Veg. 17(1): 78-86.
    18. Madyiwa, S., Chimbari, M., Nyamangara, J. and Bangira, C. (2002). Cumulative effects of sewage sludge and effluent mixture application on soil properties of sandy soil under a mixture of star and kikuyu grasses in Zimbabwe. Phy.Chem. Earth. 27: 747-753.
    19. Ma del Mar, D.A., Miguel Ángel, P.C., Rosario Miralles De, I.R., Eulalia Ma Beltran, R., Luisa, B. and José Valero, M.S. (2002). Sewage sludge compost fertilizer effect on maize yield and soil heavy metal concentration. Revista Internacional de Contamination Ambient. 18(3): 147-150.
    20. Morera, M.T., Echeverria, J. and Garrido, J. (2002). Bioavailability of heavy metals in soils amended with sewage sludge. Canadian J. of Agri. Sci. 82: 433–438.
    21. Qiang, L., Yang, W., Jingshuang, L. and Qicun, W. (2014). Comparative assessment of heavy metals in suburban vegetable plots of Changchun, Dehui and Nongan, Northeast China. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 23(4): 1036-1044
    22. Rico, A., Olcina, J. and Panos, V. (2003). Rasgos geograficos de las tierras del Alto Vinalopo. In: Bello A, Lopez-Perez JA, Garcia Alvarez A (eds.) Biofumigacion en agricultura axtensiva de regadio, produccion integrada de horticolas. Mundi-Prensa SA, Fundacion Rural Caja Alicante 39-88.
    23. Rizzardini, C.B. and Goi, D. (2009). Considerations about European Directives and Italian Regulation on Sludge from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants: Current Status and Future Prospective. The Open Waste Mng. J. 2: 17-26.
    24. Saglam, C. (2013). Heavy metal accumulation in edible parts of some cultivated plants and media samples from a volcanic region in Southern Turkey. Ekoloji. 22(86): 1-8.
    25. Saruhan, V., Gul, I. and Aydin, I. (2010). The effects of sewage sludge used as fertilizer on agronomic and chemical features of bird’s foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) and soil pollution. Sci Research and Essays. 5(17): 2567-2573.
    26. Sanchez-Monedore, M.A., Mondini, C., Nobili, M., Leita, L. and Roig, A. (2004). Land application of biosolids: Soil response to different stabilization degree of treated organic matter. Waste Management 24: 325-332.
    27. Shomar, B.H., Muller, G. and Yahya, A. (2004). Potential use of treated wastewater and sludge in the agricultural sector of the Gaza Strip. Clean Technology Environment Policy. 6: 128-137.
    28. Singh, S. and Kumar, M. (2006). Heavy metal load of soil, water and vegetables in peri-urban Delhi. Environmental Monitoring Assessment. 120: 79-91.
    29. Sommers, L.E. (1997). Chemical composition of sewage sludges and analysis of their potential use as fertilizer. J. of Envi. Quality. 6: 225-232.
    30. Soumare, M., Demeyer, A., Tack, F.M.G. and Verloo, M.G. (2002). Chemical characteristics of malian and belgian solid waste composts. Bioresource Technology 81: 97-101.
    31. Topcuoglu, B., Onal, M.K. and Ari, N. (2003). Effects of the soil applications of municipal sewage sludge on tomato plant. I. Plant Nutrients and Heavy Metal Contents. Akdeniz Uni. J. of Agri. Fac. 16(1): 87-96 (in Turkish with English abstract).
    32. Tuncsoy, M. and Erdem, C. (2013). Accumulation of copper, zinc and cadmium in liver, gill and muscle tissues of Oreochromis niloticus exposed to these metals separately and in mixture. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin. 23(5): 1143-1149.
    33. Wang, X., Chen, T., Ge, Y. and Jia, Y. (2008). Studies on land application of sewage sludge and its limiting factors. J. of Hazardous Materials. 160(2-3): 554-558.
    34. Vural, A. (2013). Assessment of Heavy Metal Accumulation in the Roadside Soil and Plants of Robinia pseudoacacia, in Gumushane, Northeastern Turkey. Ekoloji. 22(89): 1-10.
    35. Yildiz, A., Karakaplan, M. and Aydin, F. (1998). Studies on Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq, ex Fr.) Kum. var. salignus (Pers. ex Fr.) Konr. et Maubl.: cultivation, proximate composition, organic and mineral composition of carpophores. Food Chem. 61(1-2): 127-130.
    36. Zufiaurre, R., Oliver, A., Chamorro, P., Nerin, C. and Callizo, A. (1998). Speciation of metals in sewage sludge for agriculture uses. Analyst. 123: 255–259.
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