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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

volume 48 issue 3 (june 2014) : 227-230,   Doi: 10.5958/j.0976-0555.48.3.048

HISTOMORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE STOMACH OF INDIAN ELEPHANT (ELEPHAS MAXIMUS)

V
V.R. Indu*
K
K.M. Lucy
S
S. Maya
J
J.J. Chungath
1Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy- 680 651, India.
Cite article:- Indu* V.R., Lucy K.M., Maya S., Chungath J.J. (2025). HISTOMORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE STOMACH OF INDIAN ELEPHANT (ELEPHAS MAXIMUS). Indian Journal of Animal Research. 48(3): 227-230. doi: 10.5958/j.0976-0555.48.3.048.

ABSTRACT

The present study was carried out on three elephant calves to elucidate the general histoarchitecture of stomach of Indian elephant. The stomach was simple and cylindrical with conical diverticulum ventriculi in the anterior border. Grossly the mucosa showed a pale smaller non-glandular region and a larger glandular part, which was folded in cardiac region, pitted in fundic region while smooth in the pyloric region. Cardiac gland area covered nearly half of the stomach and the fundic and pyloric regions formed one-fourth part each of the remaining area. Histologically, the tunica mucosa of the non-glandular region was lined with stratified squamous epithelium whereas that of glandular region was made of simple columnar epithelium. Lamina propria was densely packed with cardiac, fundic or pyloric glands depending on the regions. Diffuse lymphatic tissue was found in the lamina propria of cardiac and fundic regions of stomach. But in the pyloric region diffusely arranged and well organized aggregated lymphatic nodules could be located. Lamina muscularis was relatively thick in all regions and showed inner circular and outer longitudinal layers. The tunica muscularis was very thick and consisted of three distinct layers of smooth muscles. Externally tunica serosa was present. All these features were comparable to those of porcine stomach but the glands in lamina propria were more densely packed and lamina muscularis and tunica muscularis were relatively thicker.

REFERENCES

  1. Banks, W. J. (1993). Applied Veterinary Histology. 3rd Ed. Mosby Year Book, St. Louis.
  2. Dellmann, D. H. and Eurell, J. A. (2006). Textbook of Veterinary Histology. 5th Ed. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia.
  3. Hogben, C. A. M., Kent, T. H., Woodward, P. A. and Still, A. J. (1974). Gastroenterology. 67: 1143-1154
  4. Kararli, T. T. (1995). Comparison of the gastrointestinal anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry of humans and commonly used laboratory animals. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 16: 351-380
  5. Lugton, I. W. (1999). Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues as sites for uptake, carriage and excretion of tubercle bacilli and other pathogenic mycobacteria. Immunol. and Cell Biol. 77: 364–372.
  6. Mariappa, D. (1985). Anatomy and Histology of the Indian Elephant. Indira Publishing House, USA
  7. Mikota, S. K.; Lee Sargent, E. L. and Ranglack, G. S. (1994). Medical Management of the Elephant. Indira Publishing House, USA.
  8. Sikes, S. K. (1971) .The Natural History of the African Elephant. The Trinity Press, London, UK
  9. Tenorioa, E. M. L. and Pabst, R. (2006). MALT structure and function in farm animals. Vet. Res. 37: 257–280.
  10. Van Aswegen, G.; Schoeman ,J.H.; De Vos, V., and Van Noorden, S. (1994).The oesophagus and stomach of the African elephant: a histological, immunocytochemical and immunofluorescence study. Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res. 61(3):223-2299.
  11. Vidal, J. D.; Mirabile R. C. and Heath C. T. (2008). Evaluation of the cynomolgus monkey stomach: recommendations for standard sampling procedures in nonclinical safety studies. ToxicologicPath. 2: 250- 255.
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Indian Journal of Animal Research
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    volume 48 issue 3 (june 2014) : 227-230,   Doi: 10.5958/j.0976-0555.48.3.048

    HISTOMORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE STOMACH OF INDIAN ELEPHANT (ELEPHAS MAXIMUS)

    V
    V.R. Indu*
    K
    K.M. Lucy
    S
    S. Maya
    J
    J.J. Chungath
    1Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy- 680 651, India.
    Cite article:- Indu* V.R., Lucy K.M., Maya S., Chungath J.J. (2025). HISTOMORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE STOMACH OF INDIAN ELEPHANT (ELEPHAS MAXIMUS). Indian Journal of Animal Research. 48(3): 227-230. doi: 10.5958/j.0976-0555.48.3.048.

    ABSTRACT

    The present study was carried out on three elephant calves to elucidate the general histoarchitecture of stomach of Indian elephant. The stomach was simple and cylindrical with conical diverticulum ventriculi in the anterior border. Grossly the mucosa showed a pale smaller non-glandular region and a larger glandular part, which was folded in cardiac region, pitted in fundic region while smooth in the pyloric region. Cardiac gland area covered nearly half of the stomach and the fundic and pyloric regions formed one-fourth part each of the remaining area. Histologically, the tunica mucosa of the non-glandular region was lined with stratified squamous epithelium whereas that of glandular region was made of simple columnar epithelium. Lamina propria was densely packed with cardiac, fundic or pyloric glands depending on the regions. Diffuse lymphatic tissue was found in the lamina propria of cardiac and fundic regions of stomach. But in the pyloric region diffusely arranged and well organized aggregated lymphatic nodules could be located. Lamina muscularis was relatively thick in all regions and showed inner circular and outer longitudinal layers. The tunica muscularis was very thick and consisted of three distinct layers of smooth muscles. Externally tunica serosa was present. All these features were comparable to those of porcine stomach but the glands in lamina propria were more densely packed and lamina muscularis and tunica muscularis were relatively thicker.

    REFERENCES

    1. Banks, W. J. (1993). Applied Veterinary Histology. 3rd Ed. Mosby Year Book, St. Louis.
    2. Dellmann, D. H. and Eurell, J. A. (2006). Textbook of Veterinary Histology. 5th Ed. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia.
    3. Hogben, C. A. M., Kent, T. H., Woodward, P. A. and Still, A. J. (1974). Gastroenterology. 67: 1143-1154
    4. Kararli, T. T. (1995). Comparison of the gastrointestinal anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry of humans and commonly used laboratory animals. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 16: 351-380
    5. Lugton, I. W. (1999). Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues as sites for uptake, carriage and excretion of tubercle bacilli and other pathogenic mycobacteria. Immunol. and Cell Biol. 77: 364–372.
    6. Mariappa, D. (1985). Anatomy and Histology of the Indian Elephant. Indira Publishing House, USA
    7. Mikota, S. K.; Lee Sargent, E. L. and Ranglack, G. S. (1994). Medical Management of the Elephant. Indira Publishing House, USA.
    8. Sikes, S. K. (1971) .The Natural History of the African Elephant. The Trinity Press, London, UK
    9. Tenorioa, E. M. L. and Pabst, R. (2006). MALT structure and function in farm animals. Vet. Res. 37: 257–280.
    10. Van Aswegen, G.; Schoeman ,J.H.; De Vos, V., and Van Noorden, S. (1994).The oesophagus and stomach of the African elephant: a histological, immunocytochemical and immunofluorescence study. Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res. 61(3):223-2299.
    11. Vidal, J. D.; Mirabile R. C. and Heath C. T. (2008). Evaluation of the cynomolgus monkey stomach: recommendations for standard sampling procedures in nonclinical safety studies. ToxicologicPath. 2: 250- 255.
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