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volume 47 issue 1 (february 2013) : 73-77

IMPACTS OF DAM ON CHARACTERISTICS OF TROPICAL RAINFOREST SOILS AND SEDIMENTS IN SOUTH CENTRAL NIGERIA

N
N.L. Edosomwan
E
E. Obazuaye1
E
E.U. Edosomwan2
1Department of Soil Science, Ambrose Alli University, P.M.B 14, Ekpoma, Nigeria

  • Submitted|

  • First Online |

  • doi

Cite article:- Edosomwan N.L., Obazuaye1 E., Edosomwan2 E.U. (2025). IMPACTS OF DAM ON CHARACTERISTICS OF TROPICAL RAINFOREST SOILS AND SEDIMENTS IN SOUTH CENTRAL NIGERIA. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 47(1): 73-77. doi: .

ABSTRACT

The effects of Dam on soil erosion were examined in Ekpoma, Edo State of Nigeria with decrease in silt and clay contents, organic matter, phosphorus and ECEC in lands cleared of vegetation. The pH of the sediment in upstream Ukhun dam areas were strongly acidic with effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) of 4.24 cmol/kg as compared to moderately acidic sediment with ECEC of 6.37 cmol/kg in the downstream Ibiekuma dam areas. The upstream sediments of clay and silt recorded 4.5% and 6.2% in Ukhun dam but 3.0% and 4.2% in down streams whereas 5.0% and 6.7% of clay and silt in upstream of Ibiekuma dam and 3.0% and 4.7% in down streams indicating the effects of downstream erosion. The velocity of flow in Ukhun and Ibiekuma up streams was 0.30 m/s but 0.35 m/s and 0.96 m/s in down streams respectively. The reduced water flow in the upstream have a negative effect on the communities downstream as they have to spend extra fertilizers to boost their crop yield.

REFERENCES

  1. Aciego Pietri, J.C. and Brooks, P.C. (2007). Soil Biol. Biochem 40: 1856 – 1861.
  2. Biswas, A.K. (1992) The Aswam High Dam revisited. Ecodecision, September. 67 – 69.
  3. Bolland, P (1991) Le littoral mediterraneen Francais. Evolution physique – qualite generale.Agence de l’ Eau Rhone – Mediterranee-corse Lyon.
  4. Bremner, J.M. and Mulvaney, C.S. (1982). Nitrogen – Total. In: A.L. Page and R.H. Miller Miller (Eds). Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. 2nd ed. Agron. Monogr. 9. ASA. and SSSA, Madison, WI, pp: 595-624.
  5. Chang, S.P and Wen, C.G. (1998) Water Sci. and Technol., 37: 325 – 332.
  6. DeGeorges, A. and Reilly, B. K., (2006). Dams and large scale irrigation on the Senegal river:impacts on man and the environment. UNDP Human Development Report. http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/hdr2006/papers/ DeGeorges%20Andre.pdf
  7. Gee, G.W. and Bauder, J.W (1986) Particles Size Analysis. In Methods of Soil Analysis Klute, A (ed) part 1, 2nd Edition. American Society of Agronomy, Inc. Madison.
  8. Goes, B.J. (2002). River Rese. Applications. 18(1): 81 – 85.
  9. Gulis, G., Czompolyova, M., Cerhan, J.R. (2002). Slovakia Environ. Res. 88: 182 – 187. 12051706.
  10. IITA, (1978). Methods for Soil and Plant analysis, Manual series No. 1. IITA, Ibadan,68pp.
  11. Junk, W.J. Bayby, P.B. and Sparks, R.E. (1989) Canadian J. Fisheries Aquatic Sci. 106 110 – 127.
  12. McCully, P (1996) Silenced Rivers: The Ecological Design and Health Impacts of Large Dams, Canals and Irrigation systems, Taylor and Francis, ISBN 0419223603(2)
  13. Nelson, D.W and Sommers, L.E. (1982) Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter.In: Method of soil analysis part 2 Page A.L. et al (eds), Agron Monogr 9 2nd Edition, pp 539 – 579. ASA and SSSA, Madison, Wisconsin.
  14. Olofiu, E.A. (1988) Monitoring the Impacts of dam on the downstream physical environment in the tropics. Regulated Rivers: Res. Management, 2,167 – 174.
  15. Powel, T and Gaines, S.T. (1994). Common. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 25 : 2561 – 2570.
  16. Remison, S.U. (1998) Agriculture as the Way. Ambik Press Nigeria. Pp 23 - 26
  17. Thomas, G.W. (1982) Exchangeable cation. In: Method of soil analysis Part 2 Page A.L. et al (ed): Agron Monogr 9 second edition, p. 159 – 165. ASA and SSSA. Madison Wisconsin.
  18. Ward, M.H; Dekok, T.M.; Levallois, P; Brender, J;, Gulis, G. (2005) Environmental Health Perspectives. Vol. 113 (11)
  19. Bremner, J.M. and Mulvaney, C.S. (1982). Nitrogen-Total. In: A.L. Page and R.H. Miller Miller (Eds). Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. 2nd ed. Agron. Monogr. 9 ASA. And SSSA, Madison, Wl, PP: 595-624.
  20. Goes, B.J.(2002). River Res. and Application. 18(1),81-85.
  21. IITA (1978) Methods for Soil and Plant analysis, Manual series No. 1. IITA, Ibadan, 68pp.
  22. New Scientist (2005). Hydroelectric power’s dirty secret revealed-earth ( http://www.newscientist.com article.ns?id=dn7046).
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    volume 47 issue 1 (february 2013) : 73-77

    IMPACTS OF DAM ON CHARACTERISTICS OF TROPICAL RAINFOREST SOILS AND SEDIMENTS IN SOUTH CENTRAL NIGERIA

    N
    N.L. Edosomwan
    E
    E. Obazuaye1
    E
    E.U. Edosomwan2
    1Department of Soil Science, Ambrose Alli University, P.M.B 14, Ekpoma, Nigeria

    • Submitted|

    • First Online |

    • doi

    Cite article:- Edosomwan N.L., Obazuaye1 E., Edosomwan2 E.U. (2025). IMPACTS OF DAM ON CHARACTERISTICS OF TROPICAL RAINFOREST SOILS AND SEDIMENTS IN SOUTH CENTRAL NIGERIA. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 47(1): 73-77. doi: .

    ABSTRACT

    The effects of Dam on soil erosion were examined in Ekpoma, Edo State of Nigeria with decrease in silt and clay contents, organic matter, phosphorus and ECEC in lands cleared of vegetation. The pH of the sediment in upstream Ukhun dam areas were strongly acidic with effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) of 4.24 cmol/kg as compared to moderately acidic sediment with ECEC of 6.37 cmol/kg in the downstream Ibiekuma dam areas. The upstream sediments of clay and silt recorded 4.5% and 6.2% in Ukhun dam but 3.0% and 4.2% in down streams whereas 5.0% and 6.7% of clay and silt in upstream of Ibiekuma dam and 3.0% and 4.7% in down streams indicating the effects of downstream erosion. The velocity of flow in Ukhun and Ibiekuma up streams was 0.30 m/s but 0.35 m/s and 0.96 m/s in down streams respectively. The reduced water flow in the upstream have a negative effect on the communities downstream as they have to spend extra fertilizers to boost their crop yield.

    REFERENCES

    1. Aciego Pietri, J.C. and Brooks, P.C. (2007). Soil Biol. Biochem 40: 1856 – 1861.
    2. Biswas, A.K. (1992) The Aswam High Dam revisited. Ecodecision, September. 67 – 69.
    3. Bolland, P (1991) Le littoral mediterraneen Francais. Evolution physique – qualite generale.Agence de l’ Eau Rhone – Mediterranee-corse Lyon.
    4. Bremner, J.M. and Mulvaney, C.S. (1982). Nitrogen – Total. In: A.L. Page and R.H. Miller Miller (Eds). Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. 2nd ed. Agron. Monogr. 9. ASA. and SSSA, Madison, WI, pp: 595-624.
    5. Chang, S.P and Wen, C.G. (1998) Water Sci. and Technol., 37: 325 – 332.
    6. DeGeorges, A. and Reilly, B. K., (2006). Dams and large scale irrigation on the Senegal river:impacts on man and the environment. UNDP Human Development Report. http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/hdr2006/papers/ DeGeorges%20Andre.pdf
    7. Gee, G.W. and Bauder, J.W (1986) Particles Size Analysis. In Methods of Soil Analysis Klute, A (ed) part 1, 2nd Edition. American Society of Agronomy, Inc. Madison.
    8. Goes, B.J. (2002). River Rese. Applications. 18(1): 81 – 85.
    9. Gulis, G., Czompolyova, M., Cerhan, J.R. (2002). Slovakia Environ. Res. 88: 182 – 187. 12051706.
    10. IITA, (1978). Methods for Soil and Plant analysis, Manual series No. 1. IITA, Ibadan,68pp.
    11. Junk, W.J. Bayby, P.B. and Sparks, R.E. (1989) Canadian J. Fisheries Aquatic Sci. 106 110 – 127.
    12. McCully, P (1996) Silenced Rivers: The Ecological Design and Health Impacts of Large Dams, Canals and Irrigation systems, Taylor and Francis, ISBN 0419223603(2)
    13. Nelson, D.W and Sommers, L.E. (1982) Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter.In: Method of soil analysis part 2 Page A.L. et al (eds), Agron Monogr 9 2nd Edition, pp 539 – 579. ASA and SSSA, Madison, Wisconsin.
    14. Olofiu, E.A. (1988) Monitoring the Impacts of dam on the downstream physical environment in the tropics. Regulated Rivers: Res. Management, 2,167 – 174.
    15. Powel, T and Gaines, S.T. (1994). Common. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 25 : 2561 – 2570.
    16. Remison, S.U. (1998) Agriculture as the Way. Ambik Press Nigeria. Pp 23 - 26
    17. Thomas, G.W. (1982) Exchangeable cation. In: Method of soil analysis Part 2 Page A.L. et al (ed): Agron Monogr 9 second edition, p. 159 – 165. ASA and SSSA. Madison Wisconsin.
    18. Ward, M.H; Dekok, T.M.; Levallois, P; Brender, J;, Gulis, G. (2005) Environmental Health Perspectives. Vol. 113 (11)
    19. Bremner, J.M. and Mulvaney, C.S. (1982). Nitrogen-Total. In: A.L. Page and R.H. Miller Miller (Eds). Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. 2nd ed. Agron. Monogr. 9 ASA. And SSSA, Madison, Wl, PP: 595-624.
    20. Goes, B.J.(2002). River Res. and Application. 18(1),81-85.
    21. IITA (1978) Methods for Soil and Plant analysis, Manual series No. 1. IITA, Ibadan, 68pp.
    22. New Scientist (2005). Hydroelectric power’s dirty secret revealed-earth ( http://www.newscientist.com article.ns?id=dn7046).
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