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Research Article

volume 54 issue 6 (december 2020) : 731-737,   Doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-5479

7, 8- Dihydroxyflavone, An Effective Natural Product Reduce Ralstonia solanacearum Populations and Control Tomato Bacterial Wilt

P
P. Nandhakumar
V
V.S. Vasantha
P
P. Veilumuthu
G
Godwin Christopher
1Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai-625 021, Tamilnadu, India. 
Cite article:- Nandhakumar P., Vasantha V.S., Veilumuthu P., Christopher Godwin (2020). 7, 8- Dihydroxyflavone, An Effective Natural Product Reduce Ralstonia solanacearum Populations and Control Tomato Bacterial Wilt. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 54(6): 731-737. doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-5479.

ABSTRACT

In this study, 7, 8- dihydroxyflavone (DHF) was isolated first time from medicinal plant Oroxylum indicum and its antibacterial potential against plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum was determined. The minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of DHF were 20 µg/mL and 80 µg/mL respectively. The biofilm formation and inhibition of DHF against R.solanacearum was investigated via scanning electron microscopy indicated that destruction of the cell wall. The inhibition of biofilm formation and molecular assays revealed that DHF binds lumen periplasm side of the outer membrane protein (EpsA) was identified. Moreover, DHF effectively reduced the bacterial wilt disease and control efficiency is as high as 89.10% at nine days after inoculation. Altogether, the antibacterial potential of DHF against R.solanacearum displayed effective agent can attenuates bacterial wilt disease in tomato plant.

REFERENCES

  1. Balamurugan, A., Kumar, A., Muthamilan, M., Sakthivel, K., Vibhuti, M., Ashajyothi, M., Sheoran, N., Kamalakannan, A., Shanthi, A. and Arumugam, T. (2018). Outbreak of tomato wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum in Tamil Nadu, India and elucidation of its genetic relationship using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Eur J Plant Pathol. 151: 831–839. 
  2. Denny, T.P. (2000). Ralstonia solanacearum- A plant pathogen in touch with its host. Trends Mircobiol. 8: 486-489.
  3. Dixon, R.A. (2001). Natural products and plant disease resistance. Nature. 411: 843–847.
  4. Gorissen, A., Van Overbeek, L.S. and Van Elsas, J.D. (2004). Pig slurry reduces the survival of Ralstonia solanacearum biovar 2 in soil. Can. J. Microbiol. 50: 587–593.
  5. Karioti, A., Sokovic, M., Ciric, A., Koukoulitsa, C., Bilia, A.R. and Skaltsa, H. (2011). Antimicrobial Properties of Quercus ilex L. Evaluation of Their Synergistic Activity with Conventional Antimicrobials and Prediction of Their Pharmacokinetic Profile. J. Agric. Food Chem. 59(12): 6412-6422.
  6. Kishore, C.K and Tripathi, N.N. (2008). Biological management of Root-rot of tomato caused by Rhizoctonia solani. Indian J. Agric. Res. 42(1): 42-46. 
  7. Kumar, A., Prameela, T.P., Suseelabhai, R., Siljo, A., Anandraj, M. and Vinatzer, B.A. (2014). Host specificity and genetic diversity of race 4 strains of R.solanacearum. Plant Pathol. 63: 1138-1148.
  8. Li, L., Feng, X., Tang, M., Hao, W., Han, Y., Zhang, G. and Wan, S. (2014). Antibacterial activity of Lansiumamide B to tobacco bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum). Microbiol. Res. 169(7–8): 522–526.
  9. Li, P., Shi, L., Gao, M.N., Yang, X., Xue, W., Jin, L.H., Hu, D.Y. and Song, B.A. (2015a). Antibacterial activities against rice bacterial leaf blight and tomato bacterial wilt of 2-mercapto -5-substituted-1, 3, 4-oxadiazole/thiadiazole derivatives. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 25(3): 481–484
  10. Li, S., Yu, Y., Chen, J., Guo, B., Yang, L. and Ding, W. (2016). Evaluation of the antibacterial effects and mechanism of action of protocatechualdehyde against Ralstonia solanacearum. Molecules. 21(6): 754.
  11. Liu, L., Sun, C., Liu, X., He, X., Liu, M., Wu, H., Tang, C., Jin, C. and Zhang, Y. (2016). Effect of calcium cyanamide, ammonium bicarbonate and lime mixture and ammonia water on survival of Ralstonia solanacearum and microbial community. Sci. Rep. 6: 19037.
  12. Raman, R., Gauri, A.A. and Sapna, G. (2014).Genetic diversity of Ralstonia solanacearum infecting solanaceous vegetables from India reveals the existence of unknown or newer sequevars of Phylotype I strains. Eur J Plant Pathol. 140: 543–562.
  13. Saravanan, K.R., Vishnupriya, V., Prakash, M. and Anandan, R. (2019). Variability, heritability and genetic advance in tomato genotypes. Indian J. Agric. Res. 53(1): 92-95.
  14. Sivakumar, Ganga and Rangeshwaran, Rajagopal and Yandigeri, Mahesh and Rajkumar and Kumari, Surabhi. (2017). Root priming with Bacillus spp. against bacterial wilt disease of tomato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. Indian J. Agric. Res. 87: 1453–1459.
  15. Teixeira, F.R., Lima, M.C.O.P., Almeida, H.O., Romeiro, R.S., Silva, D.J.H., Pereira, P.R.G., Fontes, E.P.B. and Baracat-    Pereira, M.C. (2006). Bioprospection of cationic and anionic antimicrobial peptides from bell pepper leaves for inhibition of Ralstonia solanacearum and Clavibacter michiganensis sp. michiganensis growth. Phytopathology. 154: 418–421.
  16. Ulanowska, K., Tkaczyk, A., Konopa, G. and Wegrzyn, G. (2006). Differential antibacterial activity of genistein arising from global inhibition of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis in some bacterial strains. Arch. Microbiol. 184(5): 271-278.
  17. Xu, W.M., Han, F.F., He, M., Hu, D.Y., He, J., Yang, S. and Song, B.A. (2012). Inhibition of tobacco bacterial wilt with sulfone derivatives containing a 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole moiety. J. Agric. Food Chem. 60(4): 1036–1041.
  18. Yang, L., Li, S.L., Qin, X.Y., Jiang, G.F., Chen, J.N., Li, B.D., Yao, X.Y., Liang, P.B., Zhang, Y. and Ding, W. (2017). Exposure to umbelliferone reduces ralstonia solanacearum biofilm formation, transcription of type III secretion system regulators and effectors and virulence on tobacco. Front. Microbiol. 8: 1234.
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Indian Journal of Agricultural Research
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    Research Article

    volume 54 issue 6 (december 2020) : 731-737,   Doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-5479

    7, 8- Dihydroxyflavone, An Effective Natural Product Reduce Ralstonia solanacearum Populations and Control Tomato Bacterial Wilt

    P
    P. Nandhakumar
    V
    V.S. Vasantha
    P
    P. Veilumuthu
    G
    Godwin Christopher
    1Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai-625 021, Tamilnadu, India. 
    Cite article:- Nandhakumar P., Vasantha V.S., Veilumuthu P., Christopher Godwin (2020). 7, 8- Dihydroxyflavone, An Effective Natural Product Reduce Ralstonia solanacearum Populations and Control Tomato Bacterial Wilt. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 54(6): 731-737. doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-5479.

    ABSTRACT

    In this study, 7, 8- dihydroxyflavone (DHF) was isolated first time from medicinal plant Oroxylum indicum and its antibacterial potential against plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum was determined. The minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of DHF were 20 µg/mL and 80 µg/mL respectively. The biofilm formation and inhibition of DHF against R.solanacearum was investigated via scanning electron microscopy indicated that destruction of the cell wall. The inhibition of biofilm formation and molecular assays revealed that DHF binds lumen periplasm side of the outer membrane protein (EpsA) was identified. Moreover, DHF effectively reduced the bacterial wilt disease and control efficiency is as high as 89.10% at nine days after inoculation. Altogether, the antibacterial potential of DHF against R.solanacearum displayed effective agent can attenuates bacterial wilt disease in tomato plant.

    REFERENCES

    1. Balamurugan, A., Kumar, A., Muthamilan, M., Sakthivel, K., Vibhuti, M., Ashajyothi, M., Sheoran, N., Kamalakannan, A., Shanthi, A. and Arumugam, T. (2018). Outbreak of tomato wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum in Tamil Nadu, India and elucidation of its genetic relationship using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Eur J Plant Pathol. 151: 831–839. 
    2. Denny, T.P. (2000). Ralstonia solanacearum- A plant pathogen in touch with its host. Trends Mircobiol. 8: 486-489.
    3. Dixon, R.A. (2001). Natural products and plant disease resistance. Nature. 411: 843–847.
    4. Gorissen, A., Van Overbeek, L.S. and Van Elsas, J.D. (2004). Pig slurry reduces the survival of Ralstonia solanacearum biovar 2 in soil. Can. J. Microbiol. 50: 587–593.
    5. Karioti, A., Sokovic, M., Ciric, A., Koukoulitsa, C., Bilia, A.R. and Skaltsa, H. (2011). Antimicrobial Properties of Quercus ilex L. Evaluation of Their Synergistic Activity with Conventional Antimicrobials and Prediction of Their Pharmacokinetic Profile. J. Agric. Food Chem. 59(12): 6412-6422.
    6. Kishore, C.K and Tripathi, N.N. (2008). Biological management of Root-rot of tomato caused by Rhizoctonia solani. Indian J. Agric. Res. 42(1): 42-46. 
    7. Kumar, A., Prameela, T.P., Suseelabhai, R., Siljo, A., Anandraj, M. and Vinatzer, B.A. (2014). Host specificity and genetic diversity of race 4 strains of R.solanacearum. Plant Pathol. 63: 1138-1148.
    8. Li, L., Feng, X., Tang, M., Hao, W., Han, Y., Zhang, G. and Wan, S. (2014). Antibacterial activity of Lansiumamide B to tobacco bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum). Microbiol. Res. 169(7–8): 522–526.
    9. Li, P., Shi, L., Gao, M.N., Yang, X., Xue, W., Jin, L.H., Hu, D.Y. and Song, B.A. (2015a). Antibacterial activities against rice bacterial leaf blight and tomato bacterial wilt of 2-mercapto -5-substituted-1, 3, 4-oxadiazole/thiadiazole derivatives. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 25(3): 481–484
    10. Li, S., Yu, Y., Chen, J., Guo, B., Yang, L. and Ding, W. (2016). Evaluation of the antibacterial effects and mechanism of action of protocatechualdehyde against Ralstonia solanacearum. Molecules. 21(6): 754.
    11. Liu, L., Sun, C., Liu, X., He, X., Liu, M., Wu, H., Tang, C., Jin, C. and Zhang, Y. (2016). Effect of calcium cyanamide, ammonium bicarbonate and lime mixture and ammonia water on survival of Ralstonia solanacearum and microbial community. Sci. Rep. 6: 19037.
    12. Raman, R., Gauri, A.A. and Sapna, G. (2014).Genetic diversity of Ralstonia solanacearum infecting solanaceous vegetables from India reveals the existence of unknown or newer sequevars of Phylotype I strains. Eur J Plant Pathol. 140: 543–562.
    13. Saravanan, K.R., Vishnupriya, V., Prakash, M. and Anandan, R. (2019). Variability, heritability and genetic advance in tomato genotypes. Indian J. Agric. Res. 53(1): 92-95.
    14. Sivakumar, Ganga and Rangeshwaran, Rajagopal and Yandigeri, Mahesh and Rajkumar and Kumari, Surabhi. (2017). Root priming with Bacillus spp. against bacterial wilt disease of tomato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. Indian J. Agric. Res. 87: 1453–1459.
    15. Teixeira, F.R., Lima, M.C.O.P., Almeida, H.O., Romeiro, R.S., Silva, D.J.H., Pereira, P.R.G., Fontes, E.P.B. and Baracat-    Pereira, M.C. (2006). Bioprospection of cationic and anionic antimicrobial peptides from bell pepper leaves for inhibition of Ralstonia solanacearum and Clavibacter michiganensis sp. michiganensis growth. Phytopathology. 154: 418–421.
    16. Ulanowska, K., Tkaczyk, A., Konopa, G. and Wegrzyn, G. (2006). Differential antibacterial activity of genistein arising from global inhibition of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis in some bacterial strains. Arch. Microbiol. 184(5): 271-278.
    17. Xu, W.M., Han, F.F., He, M., Hu, D.Y., He, J., Yang, S. and Song, B.A. (2012). Inhibition of tobacco bacterial wilt with sulfone derivatives containing a 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole moiety. J. Agric. Food Chem. 60(4): 1036–1041.
    18. Yang, L., Li, S.L., Qin, X.Y., Jiang, G.F., Chen, J.N., Li, B.D., Yao, X.Y., Liang, P.B., Zhang, Y. and Ding, W. (2017). Exposure to umbelliferone reduces ralstonia solanacearum biofilm formation, transcription of type III secretion system regulators and effectors and virulence on tobacco. Front. Microbiol. 8: 1234.
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