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Research Article

volume 53 issue 4 (august 2019) : 373-382,   Doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-5200

Evaluation of different solvent extracts of sweet flag rhizome, Acorus calamus (L.) on pulse beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)

M
M. Saranya
S
S.J. Nelson
M
M. Paramasivam
C
C.A. Mahalingam
1Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003, Tamil Nadu, India.
Cite article:- Saranya M., Nelson S.J., Paramasivam M., Mahalingam C.A. (2019). Evaluation of different solvent extracts of sweet flag rhizome, Acorus calamus (L.) on pulse beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.). Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 53(4): 373-382. doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-5200.

ABSTRACT

Investigation was conducted to test the insecticidal activity of sweet flag rhizome (Acorus calamus L.) extracts on Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) on cow pea in storage during 2016-2017 at the Department of Agricultural Entomology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Coimbatore. Sweet flag (SF) extracts obtained by different extraction methods (soxhlet and mechanical shaker extraction)  using various solvents viz., hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol exhibited varied levels of insecticidal action on Callosobruchus maculatus (F.). Pulse beetle on cow pea seeds, there was a positive correlation between the concentration of the sweet flag extracts and the insecticidal action. The LC50 value of hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol extract of SF obtained in soxhlet extraction for C. maculatus was 0.042, 0.230 and 0.069 per cent at 48 hours, respectively. The LC50 value of hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol extract of SF obtained in mechanical shaker extraction for C. maculatus was 0.009, 0.275 and 0.069 per cent at 48 hours, respectively. Hexane extract of SF obtained from both extraction methods (soxhlet and mechanical shaker) showed cent per cent mortality at 0.09 and 0.1 per cent on 5th day after treatment (DAT). For ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of SF obtained from both extraction methods (soxhlet and mechanical shaker), caused more than 80 per cent mortality was observed on 6th DAT at 0.09 and 0.1 per cent on pulse beetle respectively. On 90 DAT, hexane extract of SF obtained from both extraction methods and of ethyl acetate extract of SF obtained from mechanical shaker extraction, there was no progeny development of C. maculatus at 0.05, 0.07, 0.09 and 0.1per cent concentrations. Cent per cent mortality and there is no progeny development C. maculatus in 0.09 and 0.1 per cent of hexane extract of SF (both extraction methods) and ethyl acetate extract of SF (mechanical shaker extraction) treated cowpea seeds upto 90 days when compared to untreated control.

REFERENCES

  1. Abbott, W.W. (1925). A method of computing the effectiveness of insecticide. J. Econ. Entomol. 18: 265-266.
  2. Anbarasi, G. (2014). Effect of sweet flag Acorus calamus (L.) rhizome products on pulse beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). M.Sc (Ag). Thesis. Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 101pp.
  3. Chiranjeevi, C. and Sudhakar, T. R. (1996). Effect of indigenous plant materials on the fecundity, adult emergence and development of pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) in blackgram. J. Res. APAU. 24(3-4): 57-61.
  4. Credland, P. F. and Wright, A. W. (1989). Factors affecting female fecundity in the cowpea seed beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus Coleoptera: Bruchidae. J. Stored Prod. Res. 25(3): 125-136.
  5. Dhivya.V. (2016). Studies on the toxicity of sweet flag, acorus calamus (l.) formulation on rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and pulse beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae. M.Sc(Ag). Thesis. Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 170pp. 
  6. Gbaye, O. A. and Holloway, G. J. (2011). Varietal effects of cowpea, Vigna unguiculata on tolerance to malathion in Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). J. Stored Prod. Res. 47: 365-371.
  7. Khan, M. I. (1986). Efficacy of Acorus calamus L. rhizome powder against pulse beetle (Callosobruchus chinensis L.). PKV Res. J. 10(1): 72-74.
  8. Khan, M. I. and Borle, M. N. (1985). Efficacy of some safer grain protectants against the pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis L. infesting stored Bengal gram (Cicer arietinum L). PKV Res. J. 9(1): 53-55.
  9. Kiradoo, M. M and Srivastava, M. A. (2010). Comparative study on the efficacy of two Lamiaceae plants on egg laying performance by the pulse beetle Callosobruchus chinensis Linn. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). J. Biopestic. 3(3): 590-595.
  10. Kumar, L., Verma, S. C., Sharma, P. L., Bhardwaj, B. D., Thakur. A. K. (2016). Evaluation of some essential oils against pulse beetle (Callosobruchus chinensis L.) in Pea Seeds. Adv Plants Agric Res. 5(4): 188-126. 
  11. Ohazurike, N.C., Onuh, M. O. and Emeribe, E.O. (2003). The use of seed extracts of the physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) in the control of maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamaize M.) in stored maize grains (Zea mays L.). Global J. Agric. Sci. 2(2): 86-88. 
  12. Pandey, N. D., Singh, M., Tewari, G. C., Singh, M. (1977). Antifeeding, repellent and insecticidal properties of some indigenous plant materials against mustard sawfly, Athalia proxima Klug. Indian J. Entomol. 39(1): 60-64.
  13. Rao, P. K., Aleem, M. A., Chitra K. C., Mani, A. (1993). Efficacy of some botanicals and ash against pulse beetle Callosobruchus chinensis (Linnaeus). Botanical Pesticides in Integrated Pest Management. 282-287.
  14. Ready, A. A., Bantilan, M. C. S., Mohan, G. (2012). Enabling pulses revolution in India, ICRISAT, Policy brief No 26.
  15. Schmidt, G. H. and Risha. E. M. (1990). Vapours of Acorus calamus oil are suitable to protect stored products against insects. Proc. Integrated Pest Management in Tropical and Subtropical Cropping Systems. 3: 977-997.
  16. Shivanna, S., Lingappa, S. and Patil, B. V. (1994). Effectiveness of selected plant materials as protectants against pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (Linn.) during storage of redgram. Karnataka J. Agric. Sci. 7(3): 285-290. 
  17. Shukla, R., Singh, P., Prakash, B., Dubey N. K. (2016). Assessment of essential oil of Acorus calamus L. and its major constituent â-    asarone in postharvest management of Callosobruchus chinensis L., J. Essent. Oil. Bear. Pl. 19(3): 542-552.
  18. Umoetok, S. B. A. and Gerard, M. B. (2003). Comparative efficacy of Acorus calamus powder and two synthetic insecticides for control of three major insect pests of stored cereal grains. Global J. Agric. Sci. 2(2): 94-97. 
  19. Yadava, R. L. (1971). Use of essential oil of Acorus calamus L. as an insecticide against the pulse beetle, Bruchus chinensis (L.). J. Appl. Entomol. 68(3): 89-294.
  20. Yildirim, A., Mavi, A. and Kara. A. A. (2001). Determination of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Rumex crispus L. extracts. J. Agric. Food Chem. 49: 4083-4089. 
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    Research Article

    volume 53 issue 4 (august 2019) : 373-382,   Doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-5200

    Evaluation of different solvent extracts of sweet flag rhizome, Acorus calamus (L.) on pulse beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)

    M
    M. Saranya
    S
    S.J. Nelson
    M
    M. Paramasivam
    C
    C.A. Mahalingam
    1Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003, Tamil Nadu, India.
    Cite article:- Saranya M., Nelson S.J., Paramasivam M., Mahalingam C.A. (2019). Evaluation of different solvent extracts of sweet flag rhizome, Acorus calamus (L.) on pulse beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.). Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 53(4): 373-382. doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-5200.

    ABSTRACT

    Investigation was conducted to test the insecticidal activity of sweet flag rhizome (Acorus calamus L.) extracts on Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) on cow pea in storage during 2016-2017 at the Department of Agricultural Entomology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Coimbatore. Sweet flag (SF) extracts obtained by different extraction methods (soxhlet and mechanical shaker extraction)  using various solvents viz., hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol exhibited varied levels of insecticidal action on Callosobruchus maculatus (F.). Pulse beetle on cow pea seeds, there was a positive correlation between the concentration of the sweet flag extracts and the insecticidal action. The LC50 value of hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol extract of SF obtained in soxhlet extraction for C. maculatus was 0.042, 0.230 and 0.069 per cent at 48 hours, respectively. The LC50 value of hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol extract of SF obtained in mechanical shaker extraction for C. maculatus was 0.009, 0.275 and 0.069 per cent at 48 hours, respectively. Hexane extract of SF obtained from both extraction methods (soxhlet and mechanical shaker) showed cent per cent mortality at 0.09 and 0.1 per cent on 5th day after treatment (DAT). For ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of SF obtained from both extraction methods (soxhlet and mechanical shaker), caused more than 80 per cent mortality was observed on 6th DAT at 0.09 and 0.1 per cent on pulse beetle respectively. On 90 DAT, hexane extract of SF obtained from both extraction methods and of ethyl acetate extract of SF obtained from mechanical shaker extraction, there was no progeny development of C. maculatus at 0.05, 0.07, 0.09 and 0.1per cent concentrations. Cent per cent mortality and there is no progeny development C. maculatus in 0.09 and 0.1 per cent of hexane extract of SF (both extraction methods) and ethyl acetate extract of SF (mechanical shaker extraction) treated cowpea seeds upto 90 days when compared to untreated control.

    REFERENCES

    1. Abbott, W.W. (1925). A method of computing the effectiveness of insecticide. J. Econ. Entomol. 18: 265-266.
    2. Anbarasi, G. (2014). Effect of sweet flag Acorus calamus (L.) rhizome products on pulse beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). M.Sc (Ag). Thesis. Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 101pp.
    3. Chiranjeevi, C. and Sudhakar, T. R. (1996). Effect of indigenous plant materials on the fecundity, adult emergence and development of pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) in blackgram. J. Res. APAU. 24(3-4): 57-61.
    4. Credland, P. F. and Wright, A. W. (1989). Factors affecting female fecundity in the cowpea seed beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus Coleoptera: Bruchidae. J. Stored Prod. Res. 25(3): 125-136.
    5. Dhivya.V. (2016). Studies on the toxicity of sweet flag, acorus calamus (l.) formulation on rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and pulse beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae. M.Sc(Ag). Thesis. Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 170pp. 
    6. Gbaye, O. A. and Holloway, G. J. (2011). Varietal effects of cowpea, Vigna unguiculata on tolerance to malathion in Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). J. Stored Prod. Res. 47: 365-371.
    7. Khan, M. I. (1986). Efficacy of Acorus calamus L. rhizome powder against pulse beetle (Callosobruchus chinensis L.). PKV Res. J. 10(1): 72-74.
    8. Khan, M. I. and Borle, M. N. (1985). Efficacy of some safer grain protectants against the pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis L. infesting stored Bengal gram (Cicer arietinum L). PKV Res. J. 9(1): 53-55.
    9. Kiradoo, M. M and Srivastava, M. A. (2010). Comparative study on the efficacy of two Lamiaceae plants on egg laying performance by the pulse beetle Callosobruchus chinensis Linn. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). J. Biopestic. 3(3): 590-595.
    10. Kumar, L., Verma, S. C., Sharma, P. L., Bhardwaj, B. D., Thakur. A. K. (2016). Evaluation of some essential oils against pulse beetle (Callosobruchus chinensis L.) in Pea Seeds. Adv Plants Agric Res. 5(4): 188-126. 
    11. Ohazurike, N.C., Onuh, M. O. and Emeribe, E.O. (2003). The use of seed extracts of the physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) in the control of maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamaize M.) in stored maize grains (Zea mays L.). Global J. Agric. Sci. 2(2): 86-88. 
    12. Pandey, N. D., Singh, M., Tewari, G. C., Singh, M. (1977). Antifeeding, repellent and insecticidal properties of some indigenous plant materials against mustard sawfly, Athalia proxima Klug. Indian J. Entomol. 39(1): 60-64.
    13. Rao, P. K., Aleem, M. A., Chitra K. C., Mani, A. (1993). Efficacy of some botanicals and ash against pulse beetle Callosobruchus chinensis (Linnaeus). Botanical Pesticides in Integrated Pest Management. 282-287.
    14. Ready, A. A., Bantilan, M. C. S., Mohan, G. (2012). Enabling pulses revolution in India, ICRISAT, Policy brief No 26.
    15. Schmidt, G. H. and Risha. E. M. (1990). Vapours of Acorus calamus oil are suitable to protect stored products against insects. Proc. Integrated Pest Management in Tropical and Subtropical Cropping Systems. 3: 977-997.
    16. Shivanna, S., Lingappa, S. and Patil, B. V. (1994). Effectiveness of selected plant materials as protectants against pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (Linn.) during storage of redgram. Karnataka J. Agric. Sci. 7(3): 285-290. 
    17. Shukla, R., Singh, P., Prakash, B., Dubey N. K. (2016). Assessment of essential oil of Acorus calamus L. and its major constituent â-    asarone in postharvest management of Callosobruchus chinensis L., J. Essent. Oil. Bear. Pl. 19(3): 542-552.
    18. Umoetok, S. B. A. and Gerard, M. B. (2003). Comparative efficacy of Acorus calamus powder and two synthetic insecticides for control of three major insect pests of stored cereal grains. Global J. Agric. Sci. 2(2): 94-97. 
    19. Yadava, R. L. (1971). Use of essential oil of Acorus calamus L. as an insecticide against the pulse beetle, Bruchus chinensis (L.). J. Appl. Entomol. 68(3): 89-294.
    20. Yildirim, A., Mavi, A. and Kara. A. A. (2001). Determination of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Rumex crispus L. extracts. J. Agric. Food Chem. 49: 4083-4089. 
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