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Research Article

volume 53 issue 4 (august 2019) : 383-390,   Doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-5152

Assessing the changes in soil properties and possible ground water pollution with application of primary treated distillery spentwash

R
R. Suma
1Department of Soil and Water Management, Zonal Agriculture Research Station, V.C.Farm, Mandya-571 405, Karnataka, India.
Cite article:- Suma R. (2019). Assessing the changes in soil properties and possible ground water pollution with application of primary treated distillery spentwash. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 53(4): 383-390. doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-5152.

ABSTRACT

To assess the ground water pollution with varied amounts of primary treated distillery spentwash (DSW) application, locally prepared piezometer were installed in the field at various depths (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 m) and the collected leachate was characterized. Leachate was collected in piezometers upto 0.5 m depth with lower levels of DSW application (<750 m3ha-1) and upto 1.0 m depth with >750 m3ha-1 after 30 days of DSW application and indicated that increasing quantities of DSW application increased the pH, EC, COD, NO3-, HCO3-, Cl-, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Na+ contents in leachate. Leachate collected in piezometers after 60 days of DSW application showed increased leaching of NO3-, HCO3-, Cl- and Na+ with increasing depth, while leaching of Ca2+and Mg2+ decreased with depth. Chemical oxygen demand of percolating water decreased with increasing depth of soil column. However, application of DSW @ 1500 m3ha-1 increased all the parameters in leachate indicating its possible contamination over the period to underground water. Further, the effect of percolating DSW on soil was studied by opening the soil vertical profile upto 120 cm depth. The soil reaction and soluble salt content increased with soil depth upto 90 cm and with increased rate of DSW application. Organic carbon, Available primary nutrients viz., N, P2O5, K2O, Exchangeable Ca, Mg and Na  and DTPA micronutrient content (Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu) increased in surface soil (upto 30 cm) with increased rate of DSW application and while sub surface soil (60-120 cm) content showed insignificant variation.  organic carbon in soil surface increased with increasing quantity of DSW application. The spentwash application at the rate below 750 m3ha-1 increased soil nutrient content with lower percolating leachate indicating its beneficial use for agriculture purpose. However, the application rate of 1500 m3ha-1 may cause detrimental effect on surface soil electrochemical properties and percolating leachate may cause contamination of underground water under higher water table condition.

REFERENCES

  1. Anil Kumar, S. H., (1995). Effect of sugar distillery effluent irrigation on soil properties and crop yield. MSc (Agri) Thesis, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India.
  2. Anil Kumar, Yashpal Singh, Joshi, B. D. and Rai, J.P.N., (2003). Effect of distillery spent wash on some characteristics of soil and water. Indian J. Eco., 30: 7-12.
  3. Anonymous (2005). Annual Report, Research and Development committee, Karnataka Brewers and Distillers Association, Bangalore.
  4. APHA., (1975). Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Waste Water. 14th Edn. American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C., pp.1- 624.
  5. Asha J. and Dutta, S.A., 1983, Impact of distillery effluent application to land on soil microflora. J. Envi. Qual., 12: 254-259.
  6. Baskar, M., Kayalvizhi, C., and Subash Chandra Bose, M., (2003). Eco friendly utilization of distillery effluent in agriculture- A review. Agric. Rev., 24:16-30.
  7. Black, C.A., 1965, Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2, Agronomy monograph No. 9., Am. Soc. Agron., Madison, Wisconsin, USA, pp. 15-72.
  8. Chowdhary, P., Yadav, A., Kaithwas, G., Bharagava, R.N. (2017). Distillery Wastewater: A major source of environmental pollution and its biological treatment for environmental safety. In: Green Technologies and Environmental Sustainability. [Singh R., Kumar S. (eds)] Springer, 409-435.
  9. Devarajan, L. and oblisamy, G., (1995). Effect of distillery effluent on soil properties, yield and quality of sugarcane. Madras Agric. J., 82: 397-399.
  10. Hati, K.M., Biswas, A.K., Bandyopadhyay, K., Mandal, K.G. and Misra, A.K., (2005). Influence of added spentwash on soil physical properties and yield of wheat under soybean-wheat system in Vertisol of central India. J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci., 167: 584-590.
  11. Hussain, A. Galjaloud, J.F. and Karimullas, S., (2003). Effect of treated effluent irrigation and N on yield and N use efficiency of wheat. Agric. Water Management, 30(2): 175-184.
  12. Jackson, M.L., (1973). Soil Chemical Analysis. Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, p. 485.
  13. Joshi, H. C., Kaira, N., Chaudhary, A. and Deb, D. L., (1994). Environmental issues related with use of distillery effluents in agriculture in India. Asia Pacific J. Environ. Devlop., 1(2): 92-103.
  14. Lindsay, W.L. and Norvell, W.A., (1978). Development of a DTPA soil test for Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 42: 421-428.
  15. Machado-De-Armas, Arzola, P.N. and Vega, H.F., (1994). Effect of the application of effluent from the Meliano Hernandez distillery on a brown non Calcareous soil. Centro Azucar, 21: 30-39.
  16. Malathi, M.P., (2002). An assessment of distillery spentwash for its possible pollution potential in dry land areas. M.Sc. Thesis, Tamilnadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India.
  17. Manivasakam, N., (1987). Phisico-chemical Examination of Water, Sewage and Industrial Effluent. Pragathi Prakashan, Meerut.
  18. Mbagwu, J.S.C. and Ekwealor, G.C., (1990). Agronomic potential of Brewer’s spent grains. Biological Wastes, 34: 242-249.
  19. Murugaragavan, R., (2002). Distillery spentwash on crop production in dryland soils. M.Sc.(Environmental Sciences) Thesis, Tamilnadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India.
  20. Orlando, F. J., (1996). Vinasse application in Brazilian sandy soil and N in water table pollution. STAB, 13: 12-13.
  21. Rachhapal Singh, Singh, N.T. and Yogesh Arora, (1980). The use of spentwash for the reclamation of sodic soils. J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 28: 38-41.
  22. Radha, J. and Srivastava, S. (2012). Nutrient composition of spent wash and its impact on sugarcane growth and biochemical attributes. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants 18(1): 95–99.
  23. Ramalho, J. F. G. P., Amaral Sobrinho, N. M. B. D. and DO Amaral Sobrinho, N.M.B., (2001). Heavy metals accumulation due to the use of residues in soils cultivated with sugarcane. Floresta e Ambiente, 8:120-129.
  24. Rath, P., Pradhan, G., and Mishra M.K., (2010). Effect of sugar factory distillery spent wash (DSW) on the growth pattern of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) crop. Journal of Phytology, 2(5): 33–39.
  25. Sarayu, M., Bhavik, K. A. and Datta, M., (2009). Distillery spent wash: Treatment technologies and potential applications. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 163: 12–25.
  26. Subbiah, B.V. and Asija, G.L., (1956). A rapid procedure for the estimation of available nitrogen in soils. Curr. Sci., 25: 259-260.
  27. Thangasamy, A., Naidu, M.V.S., Ramavatharam, N. and Raghava Reddy, C., (2005). Characterisation, classification and evaluation of soil resources in Sivagiri Micro-watershed of Chittoor District in Andhra Pradesh for sustainable land use planning. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science, 53(1): 11-21.
  28. Walkley, A.J. and Black, C.A., (1934). An examination of the method for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Sci., 37: 29-38.
  29. Yogita K., (2012). Distillery wastewater: bioremediation approaches, Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences, 9(2), 69-91. 
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Indian Journal of Agricultural Research
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    Research Article

    volume 53 issue 4 (august 2019) : 383-390,   Doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-5152

    Assessing the changes in soil properties and possible ground water pollution with application of primary treated distillery spentwash

    R
    R. Suma
    1Department of Soil and Water Management, Zonal Agriculture Research Station, V.C.Farm, Mandya-571 405, Karnataka, India.
    Cite article:- Suma R. (2019). Assessing the changes in soil properties and possible ground water pollution with application of primary treated distillery spentwash. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 53(4): 383-390. doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-5152.

    ABSTRACT

    To assess the ground water pollution with varied amounts of primary treated distillery spentwash (DSW) application, locally prepared piezometer were installed in the field at various depths (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 m) and the collected leachate was characterized. Leachate was collected in piezometers upto 0.5 m depth with lower levels of DSW application (<750 m3ha-1) and upto 1.0 m depth with >750 m3ha-1 after 30 days of DSW application and indicated that increasing quantities of DSW application increased the pH, EC, COD, NO3-, HCO3-, Cl-, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Na+ contents in leachate. Leachate collected in piezometers after 60 days of DSW application showed increased leaching of NO3-, HCO3-, Cl- and Na+ with increasing depth, while leaching of Ca2+and Mg2+ decreased with depth. Chemical oxygen demand of percolating water decreased with increasing depth of soil column. However, application of DSW @ 1500 m3ha-1 increased all the parameters in leachate indicating its possible contamination over the period to underground water. Further, the effect of percolating DSW on soil was studied by opening the soil vertical profile upto 120 cm depth. The soil reaction and soluble salt content increased with soil depth upto 90 cm and with increased rate of DSW application. Organic carbon, Available primary nutrients viz., N, P2O5, K2O, Exchangeable Ca, Mg and Na  and DTPA micronutrient content (Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu) increased in surface soil (upto 30 cm) with increased rate of DSW application and while sub surface soil (60-120 cm) content showed insignificant variation.  organic carbon in soil surface increased with increasing quantity of DSW application. The spentwash application at the rate below 750 m3ha-1 increased soil nutrient content with lower percolating leachate indicating its beneficial use for agriculture purpose. However, the application rate of 1500 m3ha-1 may cause detrimental effect on surface soil electrochemical properties and percolating leachate may cause contamination of underground water under higher water table condition.

    REFERENCES

    1. Anil Kumar, S. H., (1995). Effect of sugar distillery effluent irrigation on soil properties and crop yield. MSc (Agri) Thesis, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India.
    2. Anil Kumar, Yashpal Singh, Joshi, B. D. and Rai, J.P.N., (2003). Effect of distillery spent wash on some characteristics of soil and water. Indian J. Eco., 30: 7-12.
    3. Anonymous (2005). Annual Report, Research and Development committee, Karnataka Brewers and Distillers Association, Bangalore.
    4. APHA., (1975). Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Waste Water. 14th Edn. American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C., pp.1- 624.
    5. Asha J. and Dutta, S.A., 1983, Impact of distillery effluent application to land on soil microflora. J. Envi. Qual., 12: 254-259.
    6. Baskar, M., Kayalvizhi, C., and Subash Chandra Bose, M., (2003). Eco friendly utilization of distillery effluent in agriculture- A review. Agric. Rev., 24:16-30.
    7. Black, C.A., 1965, Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2, Agronomy monograph No. 9., Am. Soc. Agron., Madison, Wisconsin, USA, pp. 15-72.
    8. Chowdhary, P., Yadav, A., Kaithwas, G., Bharagava, R.N. (2017). Distillery Wastewater: A major source of environmental pollution and its biological treatment for environmental safety. In: Green Technologies and Environmental Sustainability. [Singh R., Kumar S. (eds)] Springer, 409-435.
    9. Devarajan, L. and oblisamy, G., (1995). Effect of distillery effluent on soil properties, yield and quality of sugarcane. Madras Agric. J., 82: 397-399.
    10. Hati, K.M., Biswas, A.K., Bandyopadhyay, K., Mandal, K.G. and Misra, A.K., (2005). Influence of added spentwash on soil physical properties and yield of wheat under soybean-wheat system in Vertisol of central India. J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci., 167: 584-590.
    11. Hussain, A. Galjaloud, J.F. and Karimullas, S., (2003). Effect of treated effluent irrigation and N on yield and N use efficiency of wheat. Agric. Water Management, 30(2): 175-184.
    12. Jackson, M.L., (1973). Soil Chemical Analysis. Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, p. 485.
    13. Joshi, H. C., Kaira, N., Chaudhary, A. and Deb, D. L., (1994). Environmental issues related with use of distillery effluents in agriculture in India. Asia Pacific J. Environ. Devlop., 1(2): 92-103.
    14. Lindsay, W.L. and Norvell, W.A., (1978). Development of a DTPA soil test for Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 42: 421-428.
    15. Machado-De-Armas, Arzola, P.N. and Vega, H.F., (1994). Effect of the application of effluent from the Meliano Hernandez distillery on a brown non Calcareous soil. Centro Azucar, 21: 30-39.
    16. Malathi, M.P., (2002). An assessment of distillery spentwash for its possible pollution potential in dry land areas. M.Sc. Thesis, Tamilnadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India.
    17. Manivasakam, N., (1987). Phisico-chemical Examination of Water, Sewage and Industrial Effluent. Pragathi Prakashan, Meerut.
    18. Mbagwu, J.S.C. and Ekwealor, G.C., (1990). Agronomic potential of Brewer’s spent grains. Biological Wastes, 34: 242-249.
    19. Murugaragavan, R., (2002). Distillery spentwash on crop production in dryland soils. M.Sc.(Environmental Sciences) Thesis, Tamilnadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India.
    20. Orlando, F. J., (1996). Vinasse application in Brazilian sandy soil and N in water table pollution. STAB, 13: 12-13.
    21. Rachhapal Singh, Singh, N.T. and Yogesh Arora, (1980). The use of spentwash for the reclamation of sodic soils. J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 28: 38-41.
    22. Radha, J. and Srivastava, S. (2012). Nutrient composition of spent wash and its impact on sugarcane growth and biochemical attributes. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants 18(1): 95–99.
    23. Ramalho, J. F. G. P., Amaral Sobrinho, N. M. B. D. and DO Amaral Sobrinho, N.M.B., (2001). Heavy metals accumulation due to the use of residues in soils cultivated with sugarcane. Floresta e Ambiente, 8:120-129.
    24. Rath, P., Pradhan, G., and Mishra M.K., (2010). Effect of sugar factory distillery spent wash (DSW) on the growth pattern of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) crop. Journal of Phytology, 2(5): 33–39.
    25. Sarayu, M., Bhavik, K. A. and Datta, M., (2009). Distillery spent wash: Treatment technologies and potential applications. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 163: 12–25.
    26. Subbiah, B.V. and Asija, G.L., (1956). A rapid procedure for the estimation of available nitrogen in soils. Curr. Sci., 25: 259-260.
    27. Thangasamy, A., Naidu, M.V.S., Ramavatharam, N. and Raghava Reddy, C., (2005). Characterisation, classification and evaluation of soil resources in Sivagiri Micro-watershed of Chittoor District in Andhra Pradesh for sustainable land use planning. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science, 53(1): 11-21.
    28. Walkley, A.J. and Black, C.A., (1934). An examination of the method for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Sci., 37: 29-38.
    29. Yogita K., (2012). Distillery wastewater: bioremediation approaches, Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences, 9(2), 69-91. 
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