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Research Article

volume 53 issue 1 (february 2019) : 17-24,   Doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-5121

Productivity of grain cowpea in high phosphorus soils as influenced by nutrient interactions

V
V. Anjaly
S
Sheeba Rebecca Isaac
1Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram-695 522, Kerala, India.
Cite article:- Anjaly V., Isaac Rebecca Sheeba (2019). Productivity of grain cowpea in high phosphorus soils as influenced by nutrient interactions. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 53(1): 17-24. doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-5121.

ABSTRACT

A field experiment was conducted in a high phosphorus soil in the southern district of Kerala during January to March 2018 to assess the effect of varying levels of P, K and Zn and their interactions on the productivity of grain cowpea. The treatments included two levels of P, three levels of Zn and two levels of K and was laid out in factorial RBD with three replications. The results of the study revealed that significantly higher yield attributes and yield (pod and grain) were realized through foliar application of Zn as ZnSO4 twice @ 0.025% at branching and at flowering, along with 10 kg K2O ha-1 in the high P soil. The yield was 58 per cent higher than the yield at the lower levels of P, K and Zn tried. Economic analysis also revealed higher benefit cost ratio (1.36) for the combination.  Phosphorus application may be skipped in the nutrient package for grain cowpea in high soils. Based on grain yields, it could be interpreted that a negative interaction existed between P and Zn and also between Zn and K. The interaction between P and K was not significant.

REFERENCES

  1. Ali, A., Nadeem, M.A., Tanveer, A., Tahir, M., and Hussain, M. (2007). Effect of different potash levels on the growth, yield and protein contents of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Pakistan Journal of Botany 39(2): 523-527.
  2. Anitha, S., Sreenivasan, E. and Purushothaman, S. M.(2006). Effect of thiourea application on cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] productivity under rainfed conditions. Journal of Tropical Agriculture, 42:53-54.
  3. Bhoya, M., Chaudhary, P.P., Raval, C.H., and Bhatt, P.K. (2013). Effect of nitrogen and zinc on growth and yield of fodder sorghum [Sorghum bicolor L. Moench.] varieties. Journal of Progressive Agriculture, 4(1).215-224.
  4. Buriro, M., Hussain, F., Talpur, G.H., Gandahi, A.W. and Buriro, B. (2015). Growth and yield response of mungbean varieties to various potassium levels. Pakistan Journal of Agriculture., Agricultural Engineering., Veterinary Science, 31(2): 203-210.
  5. Cakmak I. (2002). Plant nutrition research: Priorities to meet human needs for food in sustainable ways. Plant and Soil 247: 3–24. 
  6. Chavan, A. S., Khafi, M. R., Raj, A. D., and Parmar, R. M. (2012). Effect of potassium and zinc on yield, protein content and uptake of micronutrients in cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]. Agricultural Science Digest 32(2): 175-177.
  7. Daliparthy, J., Barker, A. V., Mondal, S., and Shyam, S. (1994). Potassium fractions with other nutrients in crops: A review focusing on the tropics. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 17 (11) : 1859-1886.
  8. Dhanya, G. (2014). Zinc biofortification for enhancing yield and quality of yard long bean in ferralitic soils. M.Sc. (Ag) thesis, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, 99p.
  9. El Habbasha, S.F., Mohamed, M.H., El-Lateef, E.A., Mekki, B.B. and Ibrahim, M.E., (2013). Effect of combined zinc and nitrogen on yield, chemical constituents and nitrogen use efficiency of some chickpea cultivars under sandy soil conditions. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 9(4): 354-360.
  10. Erel, R., Dag, A., Ben-Gal, A., Schwartz, A., and Yermiyahu, U. (2008). Flowering and fruit set of olive trees in response to nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Journal of American Society of Horticultural Science, 133(5): 639-647.
  11. FAI [Fertiliser Association of India] (2018). FAI statistics (online) Available: http://www.faidelhi.org/statistical-database.htm
  12. Gomez, K. A., and Gomez, A. A. (1984). Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 680p.
  13. Haytova, D. (2013). A review of foliar fertilization of some vegetable crops. Annual Review and Research in Biology, 3(4): 455-465.
  14. Iqbal, M., Niamatullah, M., Yousaf, I., Munir, M. and Khan, M.Z. (2011). Effect of nitrogen and potassium on growth, economical yield and yield components of tomato. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 27(4): 545-548.
  15. KAU [Kerala Agricultural University] (2016). Package of Practices Recommendations: Crops (15th Ed.). Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, 392p
  16. KSPB [Kerala State Planning Board] (2013). Soil fertility assessment and information management for enhancing crop productivity in Kerala. Kerala State Planning Board, Thiruvananthapuram, 514p.
  17. Kumar, R., Rathore, D.K., Singh, M., Kumar, P., and Khippal, A. (2016). Effect of phosphorus and zinc nutrition on growth and yield of fodder cowpea. Legume Research, 39 (2): 262-267.
  18. Mengel, K. (2007). Potassium. In: Handbook 
  19. of Plant Nutrition. A.V. Barker and D. J. Pilbeam, editors, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. p. 91–120.
  20. Ranpariya, V.S., Polara, K.B., Savaliya, C.M., Modhvadiya, V.L. and Bodar, K.H. (2017). Effect of potassium, zinc and FYM on growth, quality and yield of summer green gram (Vigna radiata L.) under medium black calcareous soil. International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, 6(4): 2242 – 2247.
  21. Rathore, D. K., Kumar, R., Singh, M., Meena, V. K., Kumar, U., Gupta, P.S., Yadav, T., and Makarana, G. (2015). Phosphorus and zinc fertilization in fodder cowpea- a review. Agricultural Review, 36(4): 333-338.
  22. Sanyal, S.K. and De Datta, S.K. (1991). Chemistry of phosphorus transformations in soil. In: Advances in Soil Science , Springer, New York, NY,120pp
  23. Shekara, B. G., Sowmyalatha, B. S., and Bharatkumar, C. (2013). Effect of phosphorus levels on forage yield of fodder cowpea. Environment and Ecology, 31(2): 561-563.
  24. Singh, A., Asmita, A.S. and Hembrom, R. (2015). Effect of foliar application of zinc and copper on leaf nutrient content, growth and flowering in gladiolus (Gladiolus spp) cv. Pink Friendship. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 85(7), pp.00-00.
  25. Singh, A., Baoule, A. L., Ahmed, H.G., Dikko, A.U., Aliyu, U., Sokoto, M.B., Alhassan, J., Musa, M., and Haliru, B. (2011). Influence of phosphorus on the performance of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) varieties in the Sudan savanna of Nigeria. Agricultural Science, 2: 313-317
  26. Singh, R.A. (2007). Effect of variable doses of potassium, sulphur and calcium on pod yield of short duration summer groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). International Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 3(1): 196-198.
  27. Taliee, A. and Sayadian, K. (2000). Effect of supplemental irrigation and plant nutrient in chickpea (dry farming). Journal of Agronomy Science, 2: 12-19.
  28. Tiwari, S.P., Joshi, O.P., Vyas, A.K. and Billore, S.D.(2002). Potassium nutrition in yield and quality improvement of soybean. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Potassium for Sustainable Crop Production, 307-321pp.
  29. Tomar, R.K., Gangwar, M.S., and Dwivedi, B.S. (1994). Phosphorus and zinc interaction in sunflower (Helianthus annuus) in mollisols of Uttar Pradesh. Indian Journal of Agronomy, 39(2): 270-273.
  30. Walley, F.L., Kyei-Boahen, S., Hnatowich, G. and Stevenson, C. (2005). Nitrogen and phosphorus fertility management for desi and kabuli chickpea. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 85(1): 73-79.
  31. Withers, P.J., Edwards, A.C. and Foy, R.H. (2001). Phosphorus cycling in UK agriculture and implications for phosphorus loss from soil. Soil Use and Management, 17(3):139-149.
  32. Yadhav, K.S. and Nand, H. (2004). Site specific nutrient management for optimal food grain production in Haryana. Better Crops, 88(2): 21-22.
  33. Zubair, M., Ayub, G., Wazir, F.K., Khan, M., and Mahmood, Z. (2006). Effect of potassium on pre-flowering growth of gladiolus cultivars. Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science.1(3): 36-46p. 
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    Research Article

    volume 53 issue 1 (february 2019) : 17-24,   Doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-5121

    Productivity of grain cowpea in high phosphorus soils as influenced by nutrient interactions

    V
    V. Anjaly
    S
    Sheeba Rebecca Isaac
    1Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram-695 522, Kerala, India.
    Cite article:- Anjaly V., Isaac Rebecca Sheeba (2019). Productivity of grain cowpea in high phosphorus soils as influenced by nutrient interactions. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 53(1): 17-24. doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-5121.

    ABSTRACT

    A field experiment was conducted in a high phosphorus soil in the southern district of Kerala during January to March 2018 to assess the effect of varying levels of P, K and Zn and their interactions on the productivity of grain cowpea. The treatments included two levels of P, three levels of Zn and two levels of K and was laid out in factorial RBD with three replications. The results of the study revealed that significantly higher yield attributes and yield (pod and grain) were realized through foliar application of Zn as ZnSO4 twice @ 0.025% at branching and at flowering, along with 10 kg K2O ha-1 in the high P soil. The yield was 58 per cent higher than the yield at the lower levels of P, K and Zn tried. Economic analysis also revealed higher benefit cost ratio (1.36) for the combination.  Phosphorus application may be skipped in the nutrient package for grain cowpea in high soils. Based on grain yields, it could be interpreted that a negative interaction existed between P and Zn and also between Zn and K. The interaction between P and K was not significant.

    REFERENCES

    1. Ali, A., Nadeem, M.A., Tanveer, A., Tahir, M., and Hussain, M. (2007). Effect of different potash levels on the growth, yield and protein contents of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Pakistan Journal of Botany 39(2): 523-527.
    2. Anitha, S., Sreenivasan, E. and Purushothaman, S. M.(2006). Effect of thiourea application on cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] productivity under rainfed conditions. Journal of Tropical Agriculture, 42:53-54.
    3. Bhoya, M., Chaudhary, P.P., Raval, C.H., and Bhatt, P.K. (2013). Effect of nitrogen and zinc on growth and yield of fodder sorghum [Sorghum bicolor L. Moench.] varieties. Journal of Progressive Agriculture, 4(1).215-224.
    4. Buriro, M., Hussain, F., Talpur, G.H., Gandahi, A.W. and Buriro, B. (2015). Growth and yield response of mungbean varieties to various potassium levels. Pakistan Journal of Agriculture., Agricultural Engineering., Veterinary Science, 31(2): 203-210.
    5. Cakmak I. (2002). Plant nutrition research: Priorities to meet human needs for food in sustainable ways. Plant and Soil 247: 3–24. 
    6. Chavan, A. S., Khafi, M. R., Raj, A. D., and Parmar, R. M. (2012). Effect of potassium and zinc on yield, protein content and uptake of micronutrients in cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]. Agricultural Science Digest 32(2): 175-177.
    7. Daliparthy, J., Barker, A. V., Mondal, S., and Shyam, S. (1994). Potassium fractions with other nutrients in crops: A review focusing on the tropics. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 17 (11) : 1859-1886.
    8. Dhanya, G. (2014). Zinc biofortification for enhancing yield and quality of yard long bean in ferralitic soils. M.Sc. (Ag) thesis, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, 99p.
    9. El Habbasha, S.F., Mohamed, M.H., El-Lateef, E.A., Mekki, B.B. and Ibrahim, M.E., (2013). Effect of combined zinc and nitrogen on yield, chemical constituents and nitrogen use efficiency of some chickpea cultivars under sandy soil conditions. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 9(4): 354-360.
    10. Erel, R., Dag, A., Ben-Gal, A., Schwartz, A., and Yermiyahu, U. (2008). Flowering and fruit set of olive trees in response to nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Journal of American Society of Horticultural Science, 133(5): 639-647.
    11. FAI [Fertiliser Association of India] (2018). FAI statistics (online) Available: http://www.faidelhi.org/statistical-database.htm
    12. Gomez, K. A., and Gomez, A. A. (1984). Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 680p.
    13. Haytova, D. (2013). A review of foliar fertilization of some vegetable crops. Annual Review and Research in Biology, 3(4): 455-465.
    14. Iqbal, M., Niamatullah, M., Yousaf, I., Munir, M. and Khan, M.Z. (2011). Effect of nitrogen and potassium on growth, economical yield and yield components of tomato. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 27(4): 545-548.
    15. KAU [Kerala Agricultural University] (2016). Package of Practices Recommendations: Crops (15th Ed.). Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, 392p
    16. KSPB [Kerala State Planning Board] (2013). Soil fertility assessment and information management for enhancing crop productivity in Kerala. Kerala State Planning Board, Thiruvananthapuram, 514p.
    17. Kumar, R., Rathore, D.K., Singh, M., Kumar, P., and Khippal, A. (2016). Effect of phosphorus and zinc nutrition on growth and yield of fodder cowpea. Legume Research, 39 (2): 262-267.
    18. Mengel, K. (2007). Potassium. In: Handbook 
    19. of Plant Nutrition. A.V. Barker and D. J. Pilbeam, editors, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. p. 91–120.
    20. Ranpariya, V.S., Polara, K.B., Savaliya, C.M., Modhvadiya, V.L. and Bodar, K.H. (2017). Effect of potassium, zinc and FYM on growth, quality and yield of summer green gram (Vigna radiata L.) under medium black calcareous soil. International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, 6(4): 2242 – 2247.
    21. Rathore, D. K., Kumar, R., Singh, M., Meena, V. K., Kumar, U., Gupta, P.S., Yadav, T., and Makarana, G. (2015). Phosphorus and zinc fertilization in fodder cowpea- a review. Agricultural Review, 36(4): 333-338.
    22. Sanyal, S.K. and De Datta, S.K. (1991). Chemistry of phosphorus transformations in soil. In: Advances in Soil Science , Springer, New York, NY,120pp
    23. Shekara, B. G., Sowmyalatha, B. S., and Bharatkumar, C. (2013). Effect of phosphorus levels on forage yield of fodder cowpea. Environment and Ecology, 31(2): 561-563.
    24. Singh, A., Asmita, A.S. and Hembrom, R. (2015). Effect of foliar application of zinc and copper on leaf nutrient content, growth and flowering in gladiolus (Gladiolus spp) cv. Pink Friendship. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 85(7), pp.00-00.
    25. Singh, A., Baoule, A. L., Ahmed, H.G., Dikko, A.U., Aliyu, U., Sokoto, M.B., Alhassan, J., Musa, M., and Haliru, B. (2011). Influence of phosphorus on the performance of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) varieties in the Sudan savanna of Nigeria. Agricultural Science, 2: 313-317
    26. Singh, R.A. (2007). Effect of variable doses of potassium, sulphur and calcium on pod yield of short duration summer groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). International Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 3(1): 196-198.
    27. Taliee, A. and Sayadian, K. (2000). Effect of supplemental irrigation and plant nutrient in chickpea (dry farming). Journal of Agronomy Science, 2: 12-19.
    28. Tiwari, S.P., Joshi, O.P., Vyas, A.K. and Billore, S.D.(2002). Potassium nutrition in yield and quality improvement of soybean. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Potassium for Sustainable Crop Production, 307-321pp.
    29. Tomar, R.K., Gangwar, M.S., and Dwivedi, B.S. (1994). Phosphorus and zinc interaction in sunflower (Helianthus annuus) in mollisols of Uttar Pradesh. Indian Journal of Agronomy, 39(2): 270-273.
    30. Walley, F.L., Kyei-Boahen, S., Hnatowich, G. and Stevenson, C. (2005). Nitrogen and phosphorus fertility management for desi and kabuli chickpea. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 85(1): 73-79.
    31. Withers, P.J., Edwards, A.C. and Foy, R.H. (2001). Phosphorus cycling in UK agriculture and implications for phosphorus loss from soil. Soil Use and Management, 17(3):139-149.
    32. Yadhav, K.S. and Nand, H. (2004). Site specific nutrient management for optimal food grain production in Haryana. Better Crops, 88(2): 21-22.
    33. Zubair, M., Ayub, G., Wazir, F.K., Khan, M., and Mahmood, Z. (2006). Effect of potassium on pre-flowering growth of gladiolus cultivars. Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science.1(3): 36-46p. 
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