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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

Research Article

volume 51 issue 5 (october 2017) : 431-436,   Doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-4839

Effect of Klebsiella pneumoniae on speck disease development in Solanum lycopersicum

I
Indu Gaur
P
P.D. Sharma
P
P.K. Paul
1Cell and Molecular Biology lab, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Noida-201 303, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Cite article:- Gaur Indu, Sharma P.D., Paul P.K. (2017). Effect of Klebsiella pneumoniae on speck disease development in Solanum lycopersicum. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 51(5): 431-436. doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-4839.

ABSTRACT

Colonisation and infection of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato is governed not only by host resistance but also by its interactions with other phylloplane bacterial colonizers. In the present study, reduced disease symptoms were observed as a result of interaction between P. syringae pv. tomato and Klebsiella pneumoniae, a predominant human enteric pathogen colonising phyllosphere. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants raised under controlled aseptic conditions were divided into 4 groups of 25 plants each and treated as follows: Group 1- inoculated with P. syringae pv. tomato; Group 2- inoculated with K. pneumoniae; Group 3- combination of P. syringae pv. tomato and K. pneumoniae (1:1); Group 4- Distilled water (control). Sampled leaves from the above groups were analysed at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours post inoculation for the activity of cytoplasmic Peroxidase (POX), Polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL). Disease incidence was recorded in treated as well as leaves emerging after 2 weeks of inoculation. Plants treated with P. syringae pv. tomato had maximum disease incidence while no infection was observed in control and those inoculated with K. pneumoniae alone. Inoculation of plants with combination of both microbes could substantially reduce the disease severity. The results thus demonstrate that K. pneumoniae, a common HEP on plant surfaces, reduces the ability of P. syringae pv. tomato to colonise the host.

REFERENCES

  1. Averre, C.W. and Kelman, A. (1964). Severity of bacterial wilt as influenced by ratio of virulent to avirulent cells of Pseudomonas solanacearum in inoculum. Phytopathology 54(7): 779.
  2. Bartoli, C., Lamichhane, J.R., Berge, O., Guilbaud, C., Varvaro, L., Balestra, G.M. et. al. (2015). A framework to gauge the epidemic potential of plant pathogens in environmental reservoirs: the example of kiwifruit canker. Molecular Plant Pathology, 16: 137–149. DOI:10.1111/mpp.12167.
  3. Berger, C.N., Sodha, S.V., Shaw, R.K., Griffin, P.M., Pink, D., Hand, P. and Frankel, G. (2010). Fresh fruit and vegetables as vehicles for the transmission of human pathogens. Environmental Microbiology, 12(9): 2385-2397.
  4. Bhuvaneswari, V., Srivastava, A.K. and Paul, P.K. (2012) Aqueous fruit extracts of Azadirachta indica induce systemic acquired resistance in barley against Drechslera graminea. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 45(8): 898-908.
  5. Bogdanovic, J., Duèic, T., Milosavic, N., Vujèic, Z., Šijaèic, M., Isajev, V. and Radotic, K. (2005). Antioxidant enzymes in the needles of different omorika lines. Archives of Biological Science Belgrade, 57(4): 277–282.
  6. Bosch, A.A., Biesbroek, G., Trzcinski, K., Sanders, E.A.M. and Bogaert, D. (2013). Viral and bacterial interactions in the upper respiratory tract. PLoS Pathogens, 9: e1003057. DOI:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003057.
  7. Chen, F., Wang, M., Zheng, Y., Luo, J., Yang, X. and Wang, X. (2010). Quantitative changes of plant defense enzymes and phytohormone in biocontrol of cucumber Fusarium wilt by Bacillus subtilis B579. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 26(4): 675-684.
  8. Frey-Klett, P., Burlinson, P., Deveau, A., Barret, M., Tarkka, M. and Sarniguet, A. (2011). Bacterial-fungal interactions: hyphens between agricultural, clinical, environmental, and food microbiologists. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 75(4): 583-609.
  9. Hosni, T., Moretti, C., Devescovi, G., Suarez-Moreno, Z.R., Fatmi, M.B., Guarnaccia, C. et al. (2011). Sharing of quorum- sensing signals and role of interspecies communities in a bacterial plant disease. International Society for Microbial Ecology Journal, 5: 1–14. DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2011.65.
  10. Huang, L.D. and Backhouse, D. (2005). Induction of defence responses in roots and mesocotyls of sorghum seedlings by inoculation with Fusarium thapsinum and F. proliferatum, wounding and light. Journal of Phytopathology, 153(9): 522-529.
  11. Klement, Z. and Lovrekovich, L. (1961). Defence reactions induced by phytopathogenic bacteria in bean pods. Journal of Phytopathology, 41(3): 217-227.
  12. Llama-Palacios, A., López-Solanilla, E. and Rodríguez-Palenzuela, P. (2002). The ybiT gene of Erwinia chrysanthemi codes for a putative ABC transporter and is involved in competitiveness against endophytic bacteria during infection. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 68: 1624–1630. DOI:10.1128/AEM.68.4.1624-163 0.2002. 
  13. Macho, A.P., Zumaquero, A., Ortiz-Martín, I. and Beuzón, C.R. (2007). Competitive index in mixed infections: a sensitive and accurate assay for the genetic analysis of Pseudomonas syringae- plant interactions. Molecular Plant Pathology, 8: 437–450. DOI:10.1111/ j.1364-3703.2007.00404.x.
  14. Neto, A.D.D., Prisco, J.T., Eneas-filho, J., Braga de Abreu, C.E. and Gomes-Filho, E. (2006). Effect of salt stress on antioxidative enzymes and lipid peroxidation in leaves and roots of salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive maize genotypes. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 56(1): 87–94.
  15. Newman, S.M., Tantasawat, P. and Steffens, J.C. (2011). Tomato polyphenol oxidase B is spatially and temporally regulated during development and in Response to ethylene. Molecules, 16: 493–517.
  16. Omer, M.E.H. and Wood, R.K.S. (1969). Growth of Pseudomonas phaseolicola in susceptible and in resistant bean plants. Annals of Applied Biology, 63(1): 103-116.
  17. Peters, B.M., Jabra-Rizk, M.A., O’May, G.A., Costerton, J.W. and Shirtliff, M.E. (2012). Polymicrobial interactions: impact on pathogenesis and human disease. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 25: 193–213. DOI:10.1128/CMR. 00013-11.
  18. Raghvendra, V.B., Lokesh, S., Govindappa, M. and Vasanth, K.T. (2007). Dravyaas- an organic agent for the management of seed borne fungi of sorghum and its role in the induction of defense enzymes. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 89: 190-197.
  19. Lavanya, S.N., Niranjan Raj, S., Udayashankar, A.C., Kini, K.R., Amruthesh, K.N., Niranjana, S.R. and Shetty, H.S. (2012). Comparative analysis of activities of vital defence enzymes during induction of resistance in pearl millet against downy mildew. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 45(11): 1252-72.
  20. Singer, M. (2010). Pathogen-pathogen interaction. Virulence, 1: 10–18. DOI: 10.4161/viru.1.1.9933.
  21. Young, J.M. (1974). Development of bacterial populations in vivo in relation to plant pathogenicity. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 17: 105–113. DOI: 10.1080/00288233.1974.10421088. 
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Indian Journal of Agricultural Research
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    Research Article

    volume 51 issue 5 (october 2017) : 431-436,   Doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-4839

    Effect of Klebsiella pneumoniae on speck disease development in Solanum lycopersicum

    I
    Indu Gaur
    P
    P.D. Sharma
    P
    P.K. Paul
    1Cell and Molecular Biology lab, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Noida-201 303, Uttar Pradesh, India.
    Cite article:- Gaur Indu, Sharma P.D., Paul P.K. (2017). Effect of Klebsiella pneumoniae on speck disease development in Solanum lycopersicum. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 51(5): 431-436. doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-4839.

    ABSTRACT

    Colonisation and infection of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato is governed not only by host resistance but also by its interactions with other phylloplane bacterial colonizers. In the present study, reduced disease symptoms were observed as a result of interaction between P. syringae pv. tomato and Klebsiella pneumoniae, a predominant human enteric pathogen colonising phyllosphere. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants raised under controlled aseptic conditions were divided into 4 groups of 25 plants each and treated as follows: Group 1- inoculated with P. syringae pv. tomato; Group 2- inoculated with K. pneumoniae; Group 3- combination of P. syringae pv. tomato and K. pneumoniae (1:1); Group 4- Distilled water (control). Sampled leaves from the above groups were analysed at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours post inoculation for the activity of cytoplasmic Peroxidase (POX), Polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL). Disease incidence was recorded in treated as well as leaves emerging after 2 weeks of inoculation. Plants treated with P. syringae pv. tomato had maximum disease incidence while no infection was observed in control and those inoculated with K. pneumoniae alone. Inoculation of plants with combination of both microbes could substantially reduce the disease severity. The results thus demonstrate that K. pneumoniae, a common HEP on plant surfaces, reduces the ability of P. syringae pv. tomato to colonise the host.

    REFERENCES

    1. Averre, C.W. and Kelman, A. (1964). Severity of bacterial wilt as influenced by ratio of virulent to avirulent cells of Pseudomonas solanacearum in inoculum. Phytopathology 54(7): 779.
    2. Bartoli, C., Lamichhane, J.R., Berge, O., Guilbaud, C., Varvaro, L., Balestra, G.M. et. al. (2015). A framework to gauge the epidemic potential of plant pathogens in environmental reservoirs: the example of kiwifruit canker. Molecular Plant Pathology, 16: 137–149. DOI:10.1111/mpp.12167.
    3. Berger, C.N., Sodha, S.V., Shaw, R.K., Griffin, P.M., Pink, D., Hand, P. and Frankel, G. (2010). Fresh fruit and vegetables as vehicles for the transmission of human pathogens. Environmental Microbiology, 12(9): 2385-2397.
    4. Bhuvaneswari, V., Srivastava, A.K. and Paul, P.K. (2012) Aqueous fruit extracts of Azadirachta indica induce systemic acquired resistance in barley against Drechslera graminea. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 45(8): 898-908.
    5. Bogdanovic, J., Duèic, T., Milosavic, N., Vujèic, Z., Šijaèic, M., Isajev, V. and Radotic, K. (2005). Antioxidant enzymes in the needles of different omorika lines. Archives of Biological Science Belgrade, 57(4): 277–282.
    6. Bosch, A.A., Biesbroek, G., Trzcinski, K., Sanders, E.A.M. and Bogaert, D. (2013). Viral and bacterial interactions in the upper respiratory tract. PLoS Pathogens, 9: e1003057. DOI:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003057.
    7. Chen, F., Wang, M., Zheng, Y., Luo, J., Yang, X. and Wang, X. (2010). Quantitative changes of plant defense enzymes and phytohormone in biocontrol of cucumber Fusarium wilt by Bacillus subtilis B579. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 26(4): 675-684.
    8. Frey-Klett, P., Burlinson, P., Deveau, A., Barret, M., Tarkka, M. and Sarniguet, A. (2011). Bacterial-fungal interactions: hyphens between agricultural, clinical, environmental, and food microbiologists. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 75(4): 583-609.
    9. Hosni, T., Moretti, C., Devescovi, G., Suarez-Moreno, Z.R., Fatmi, M.B., Guarnaccia, C. et al. (2011). Sharing of quorum- sensing signals and role of interspecies communities in a bacterial plant disease. International Society for Microbial Ecology Journal, 5: 1–14. DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2011.65.
    10. Huang, L.D. and Backhouse, D. (2005). Induction of defence responses in roots and mesocotyls of sorghum seedlings by inoculation with Fusarium thapsinum and F. proliferatum, wounding and light. Journal of Phytopathology, 153(9): 522-529.
    11. Klement, Z. and Lovrekovich, L. (1961). Defence reactions induced by phytopathogenic bacteria in bean pods. Journal of Phytopathology, 41(3): 217-227.
    12. Llama-Palacios, A., López-Solanilla, E. and Rodríguez-Palenzuela, P. (2002). The ybiT gene of Erwinia chrysanthemi codes for a putative ABC transporter and is involved in competitiveness against endophytic bacteria during infection. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 68: 1624–1630. DOI:10.1128/AEM.68.4.1624-163 0.2002. 
    13. Macho, A.P., Zumaquero, A., Ortiz-Martín, I. and Beuzón, C.R. (2007). Competitive index in mixed infections: a sensitive and accurate assay for the genetic analysis of Pseudomonas syringae- plant interactions. Molecular Plant Pathology, 8: 437–450. DOI:10.1111/ j.1364-3703.2007.00404.x.
    14. Neto, A.D.D., Prisco, J.T., Eneas-filho, J., Braga de Abreu, C.E. and Gomes-Filho, E. (2006). Effect of salt stress on antioxidative enzymes and lipid peroxidation in leaves and roots of salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive maize genotypes. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 56(1): 87–94.
    15. Newman, S.M., Tantasawat, P. and Steffens, J.C. (2011). Tomato polyphenol oxidase B is spatially and temporally regulated during development and in Response to ethylene. Molecules, 16: 493–517.
    16. Omer, M.E.H. and Wood, R.K.S. (1969). Growth of Pseudomonas phaseolicola in susceptible and in resistant bean plants. Annals of Applied Biology, 63(1): 103-116.
    17. Peters, B.M., Jabra-Rizk, M.A., O’May, G.A., Costerton, J.W. and Shirtliff, M.E. (2012). Polymicrobial interactions: impact on pathogenesis and human disease. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 25: 193–213. DOI:10.1128/CMR. 00013-11.
    18. Raghvendra, V.B., Lokesh, S., Govindappa, M. and Vasanth, K.T. (2007). Dravyaas- an organic agent for the management of seed borne fungi of sorghum and its role in the induction of defense enzymes. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 89: 190-197.
    19. Lavanya, S.N., Niranjan Raj, S., Udayashankar, A.C., Kini, K.R., Amruthesh, K.N., Niranjana, S.R. and Shetty, H.S. (2012). Comparative analysis of activities of vital defence enzymes during induction of resistance in pearl millet against downy mildew. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 45(11): 1252-72.
    20. Singer, M. (2010). Pathogen-pathogen interaction. Virulence, 1: 10–18. DOI: 10.4161/viru.1.1.9933.
    21. Young, J.M. (1974). Development of bacterial populations in vivo in relation to plant pathogenicity. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 17: 105–113. DOI: 10.1080/00288233.1974.10421088. 
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