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Research Article

volume 49 issue 5 (october 2015) : 414-420,   Doi: 10.18805/ijare.v49i5.5803

Improving use efficiency of applied phosphorus fertilizer by zinc fertilization in Basmati rice-wheat cropping system

S
Sovan Debnath
S
S.P. Pachauri
P
P.C. Srivastava
1Department of Soil Science, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar – 263 145, India.
Cite article:- Debnath Sovan, Pachauri S.P., Srivastava P.C. (2025). Improving use efficiency of applied phosphorus fertilizer by zinc fertilization in Basmati rice-wheat cropping system. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 49(5): 414-420. doi: 10.18805/ijare.v49i5.5803.

ABSTRACT

Rice-wheat rotation is the most important cropping system of the Indo-Gangetic plains. On-farm experiment was conducted to reveal the effect of Zn fertilization on yield, uptake of nutrient, utilization efficiency (UE) and grain output per unit of fertilizer use through agronomic efficiency (AE) of P and Zn in rice-wheat rotation. The experiment was conducted with rice (cv. Pusa Basmati 1) and wheat (cv. UP–2425) by imposing twelve treatments involving four different doses of P (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg P2O5 ha-1) and three different doses of Zn (0, 2.5 and 5.0 kg Zn ha-1) with three replications. The yield of basmati rice was not significantly influenced by P×Zn interactions however, for wheat, a conjoint dose of 60 kg P2O5 and 5 kg Zn ha-1 gave the highest grain yield (5.43 t ha-1). Phosphorus utilization efficiency (PUE) of wheat was higher compared to basmati rice however, the reverse was true for zinc utilization efficiency (ZUE). Utilization efficiencies of the two nutrients diminished as their rate of fertilization increased, in both the crops. The AE of applied nutrients, in basmati rice varied from 31.4 to 49.7 kg grain kg-1 P and from 43.2 to 121 kg grain kg-1 Zn. In wheat, AE for P varied from 26.9 to 65.5 kg grain kg-1 and for Zn from 56.4 to 83 kg grain kg-1. In conclusion, the utilization and agronomic efficiency of P in basmati rice can be increased by using 40 kg P2O5 and 2.5 kg Zn ha-1.

REFERENCES

  1. Akhtar, M.S., Oki, Y. and Adachi, T. (2010) Growth behavior, nitrogen-form effects on phosphorus acquisition, and phosphorus–zinc interactions in Brassica cultivars under phosphorus-stress environment. Comm. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 41: 2022–2045.
  2. Alam, M.M., Ladha, J.K., Foyjunnessa, Rahman, Z., Khan, S.R., Rashid, H., Khan, A.H. and Buresh, R.J. (2006) Nutrient management for increased productivity of rice–wheat cropping system in Bangladesh. Field Crop. Res. 96: 374–386.
  3. Aref, F. (2012) Evaluation of application methods and rates of zinc and boron on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of maize leaf. J. Plant Nutri. 35: 1210–1224.
  4. Cakmak, I. and Marschner, H. (1987) Mechanism of phosphorus induced zinc deficiency in cotton. III. Changes in physiological availability of zinc in plants. Physiol. Plant. 70: 13–20.
  5. Chaube, A.K., Ruhella, R., Chakraborty, R., Gangwar, M.S., Srivastava, P.C. and Singh, S.K. (2007) Management of zinc fertilizer under pearlmillet-wheat cropping system in a Typic Ustipsamment. J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci. 55: 196–202.
  6. Correa, F.L. de O., Souza, C.A.S., Mendonca, V. and Carvalho, J.G.de. (2002) Accumulation of nutrients in seedlings of acerola trees fertilized with phosphorus and zinc. Rev. Brasil. Fruticul. 24: 765–769.
  7. Dobermann, A., Witt, C., Abdulrachman, S., Gines, H.C., Nagarajan, R., Son, T.T., Tan, P.S., Wang, G.H., Chien, N.V., Thoa, V.T.K., Phung, C.V., Stalin, P., Muthukrishnan, P., Ravi, V., Babu, M., Simbahan, G.C. and Adviento, M.A.A. (2003) Soil fertility and indigenous nutrient supply in irrigated rice domains of Asia. Agron. J. 95: 913–923.
  8. Dobermann, A., Abdulrachman, S., Gines, H.C., Nagarajan, R., Satawathananont, S., Son, T.T., Tan, P.S.,Wang, G.H., Simbahan, G.C., Adviento, M.A.A. and Witt, C. (2004) Agronomic performance of site-specific nutrient management in intensive rice-cropping systems of Asia. In: A. Dobermann, C. Witt, D. Dawe (ed). Increasing productivity of intensive rice systems through site-specific nutrient management. Science Publishers Inc., Enfield, NH and IRRI, Los Banos, Manila, pp: 307–336.
  9. Gill, M.A., Kanwal, S., Aziz, T. and Rahmatullah. (2004) Differences in phosphorus-zinc interaction among sunflower (Helianthus annus L.), brassica (Brasica napus L.) and maize (Zea mays L.). Pak. J. Agri. Sci. 41: 29–34.
  10. Islam, M.N., Hoque, S. and Islam, A. (2005) Interactive effects of phosphorus and zinc in wheat, rice and mungbean. J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci. 53: 221–227.
  11. Jackson, M.L. (1967) Soil Chemical Analysis. Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, India.
  12. Jain, N.K. and Dahama, A.K. (2007) Effect of phosphorus and zinc on yield, nutrient uptake and quality of wheat (Tritcum aestivum). Indian J. Agric. Sci. 77: 310–313.
  13. Ladha, J.K., Singh, Y., Erenstein, O. and Hardy, B. (2009) Integrated crop and resource management in the rice–wheat system of South Asia. International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Philippines.
  14. Loneragan, J.K., Grunes, D.L., Welch, R.M., Aduayi, E.A., Tengah, A., Lazar, V.A. and Cary, E.E. (1982) Phosphorus accumulation and toxicity in leaves in relation to zinc supply. Soil Sci. Soc. of Am. J. 46: 345–352.
  15. Malewar, G.U. (2005) Micronutrient stresses in soils and crops: serious sickness and clinical approaches for sustainable agriculture. J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci. 53: 484–499.
  16. Oseni, T.O. (2009) Growth and zinc uptake of sorghum and cowpea in response to phosphorusand zinc fertilization. World J. Agric. Sci. 5: 670–674.
  17. Rengel, Z., Batten, G.D. and Crowley, D.E. (1999) Agronomic approaches for improving the micronutrient density in edible portions of field crops. Field Crop. Res. 60: 27–40.
  18. Singh, Y., Dobermann, A., Singh, B., Bronson, K.F. and Khind, C.S. (2000) Optimal phosphorus management strategies for rice–wheat cropping on a loamy sand. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 64: 1413–1422.
  19. Singh, V.K., Dwivedi, B.S., Buresh, R.J., Jat, M.L., Majumdar, K., Gangwar, B., Govil, V. and Singh, S.K. (2013) Potassium fertilization in rice–wheat system on farmer’s fields in India: crop performance and soil nutrients. Agron. J. 105: 471–481.
  20. Singh, V.K., Dwivedi, B.S., Tiwari, K.N., Majumdar, K., Rani, M., Singh, S.K. and Timsina, J. (2014) Optimizing nutrient management strategies for rice–wheat system in the Indo- Gangetic Plains of India and adjacent region for higher productivity, nutrient use eficiency and profits. Field Crop. Res. 164: 30–44.
  21. Srivastava, P.C., Bhatt, M., Pachauri, S.P. and Tyagi, A.K. (2013) Effect of different Zn application methods on apparent utilization efficiency of zinc and phosphorus fertilizers under Basmati rice-wheat rotation. Archiv. Agron. Soil Sci. 60: 33–48.
  22. Swarup, A. (2010) Integrated plant nutrient supply and management strategies for enhanced soil quality, input use efficiency and crop productivity. J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci. 58: 25–31.
  23. Timsina, J. and Connor, D.J. (2001) Productivity and management of rice–wheat cropping systems: issues and challenges. Field Crop. Res. 69: 93–132.
  24. Zhu, Y.G., Smith, S.E. and Smith, F.A. (2001) Zinc-phosphorus interaction in two cultivars of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) differing in P uptake efficiency. Ann. Bot. 88: 941–945.
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    Research Article

    volume 49 issue 5 (october 2015) : 414-420,   Doi: 10.18805/ijare.v49i5.5803

    Improving use efficiency of applied phosphorus fertilizer by zinc fertilization in Basmati rice-wheat cropping system

    S
    Sovan Debnath
    S
    S.P. Pachauri
    P
    P.C. Srivastava
    1Department of Soil Science, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar – 263 145, India.
    Cite article:- Debnath Sovan, Pachauri S.P., Srivastava P.C. (2025). Improving use efficiency of applied phosphorus fertilizer by zinc fertilization in Basmati rice-wheat cropping system. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 49(5): 414-420. doi: 10.18805/ijare.v49i5.5803.

    ABSTRACT

    Rice-wheat rotation is the most important cropping system of the Indo-Gangetic plains. On-farm experiment was conducted to reveal the effect of Zn fertilization on yield, uptake of nutrient, utilization efficiency (UE) and grain output per unit of fertilizer use through agronomic efficiency (AE) of P and Zn in rice-wheat rotation. The experiment was conducted with rice (cv. Pusa Basmati 1) and wheat (cv. UP–2425) by imposing twelve treatments involving four different doses of P (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg P2O5 ha-1) and three different doses of Zn (0, 2.5 and 5.0 kg Zn ha-1) with three replications. The yield of basmati rice was not significantly influenced by P×Zn interactions however, for wheat, a conjoint dose of 60 kg P2O5 and 5 kg Zn ha-1 gave the highest grain yield (5.43 t ha-1). Phosphorus utilization efficiency (PUE) of wheat was higher compared to basmati rice however, the reverse was true for zinc utilization efficiency (ZUE). Utilization efficiencies of the two nutrients diminished as their rate of fertilization increased, in both the crops. The AE of applied nutrients, in basmati rice varied from 31.4 to 49.7 kg grain kg-1 P and from 43.2 to 121 kg grain kg-1 Zn. In wheat, AE for P varied from 26.9 to 65.5 kg grain kg-1 and for Zn from 56.4 to 83 kg grain kg-1. In conclusion, the utilization and agronomic efficiency of P in basmati rice can be increased by using 40 kg P2O5 and 2.5 kg Zn ha-1.

    REFERENCES

    1. Akhtar, M.S., Oki, Y. and Adachi, T. (2010) Growth behavior, nitrogen-form effects on phosphorus acquisition, and phosphorus–zinc interactions in Brassica cultivars under phosphorus-stress environment. Comm. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 41: 2022–2045.
    2. Alam, M.M., Ladha, J.K., Foyjunnessa, Rahman, Z., Khan, S.R., Rashid, H., Khan, A.H. and Buresh, R.J. (2006) Nutrient management for increased productivity of rice–wheat cropping system in Bangladesh. Field Crop. Res. 96: 374–386.
    3. Aref, F. (2012) Evaluation of application methods and rates of zinc and boron on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of maize leaf. J. Plant Nutri. 35: 1210–1224.
    4. Cakmak, I. and Marschner, H. (1987) Mechanism of phosphorus induced zinc deficiency in cotton. III. Changes in physiological availability of zinc in plants. Physiol. Plant. 70: 13–20.
    5. Chaube, A.K., Ruhella, R., Chakraborty, R., Gangwar, M.S., Srivastava, P.C. and Singh, S.K. (2007) Management of zinc fertilizer under pearlmillet-wheat cropping system in a Typic Ustipsamment. J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci. 55: 196–202.
    6. Correa, F.L. de O., Souza, C.A.S., Mendonca, V. and Carvalho, J.G.de. (2002) Accumulation of nutrients in seedlings of acerola trees fertilized with phosphorus and zinc. Rev. Brasil. Fruticul. 24: 765–769.
    7. Dobermann, A., Witt, C., Abdulrachman, S., Gines, H.C., Nagarajan, R., Son, T.T., Tan, P.S., Wang, G.H., Chien, N.V., Thoa, V.T.K., Phung, C.V., Stalin, P., Muthukrishnan, P., Ravi, V., Babu, M., Simbahan, G.C. and Adviento, M.A.A. (2003) Soil fertility and indigenous nutrient supply in irrigated rice domains of Asia. Agron. J. 95: 913–923.
    8. Dobermann, A., Abdulrachman, S., Gines, H.C., Nagarajan, R., Satawathananont, S., Son, T.T., Tan, P.S.,Wang, G.H., Simbahan, G.C., Adviento, M.A.A. and Witt, C. (2004) Agronomic performance of site-specific nutrient management in intensive rice-cropping systems of Asia. In: A. Dobermann, C. Witt, D. Dawe (ed). Increasing productivity of intensive rice systems through site-specific nutrient management. Science Publishers Inc., Enfield, NH and IRRI, Los Banos, Manila, pp: 307–336.
    9. Gill, M.A., Kanwal, S., Aziz, T. and Rahmatullah. (2004) Differences in phosphorus-zinc interaction among sunflower (Helianthus annus L.), brassica (Brasica napus L.) and maize (Zea mays L.). Pak. J. Agri. Sci. 41: 29–34.
    10. Islam, M.N., Hoque, S. and Islam, A. (2005) Interactive effects of phosphorus and zinc in wheat, rice and mungbean. J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci. 53: 221–227.
    11. Jackson, M.L. (1967) Soil Chemical Analysis. Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, India.
    12. Jain, N.K. and Dahama, A.K. (2007) Effect of phosphorus and zinc on yield, nutrient uptake and quality of wheat (Tritcum aestivum). Indian J. Agric. Sci. 77: 310–313.
    13. Ladha, J.K., Singh, Y., Erenstein, O. and Hardy, B. (2009) Integrated crop and resource management in the rice–wheat system of South Asia. International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Philippines.
    14. Loneragan, J.K., Grunes, D.L., Welch, R.M., Aduayi, E.A., Tengah, A., Lazar, V.A. and Cary, E.E. (1982) Phosphorus accumulation and toxicity in leaves in relation to zinc supply. Soil Sci. Soc. of Am. J. 46: 345–352.
    15. Malewar, G.U. (2005) Micronutrient stresses in soils and crops: serious sickness and clinical approaches for sustainable agriculture. J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci. 53: 484–499.
    16. Oseni, T.O. (2009) Growth and zinc uptake of sorghum and cowpea in response to phosphorusand zinc fertilization. World J. Agric. Sci. 5: 670–674.
    17. Rengel, Z., Batten, G.D. and Crowley, D.E. (1999) Agronomic approaches for improving the micronutrient density in edible portions of field crops. Field Crop. Res. 60: 27–40.
    18. Singh, Y., Dobermann, A., Singh, B., Bronson, K.F. and Khind, C.S. (2000) Optimal phosphorus management strategies for rice–wheat cropping on a loamy sand. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 64: 1413–1422.
    19. Singh, V.K., Dwivedi, B.S., Buresh, R.J., Jat, M.L., Majumdar, K., Gangwar, B., Govil, V. and Singh, S.K. (2013) Potassium fertilization in rice–wheat system on farmer’s fields in India: crop performance and soil nutrients. Agron. J. 105: 471–481.
    20. Singh, V.K., Dwivedi, B.S., Tiwari, K.N., Majumdar, K., Rani, M., Singh, S.K. and Timsina, J. (2014) Optimizing nutrient management strategies for rice–wheat system in the Indo- Gangetic Plains of India and adjacent region for higher productivity, nutrient use eficiency and profits. Field Crop. Res. 164: 30–44.
    21. Srivastava, P.C., Bhatt, M., Pachauri, S.P. and Tyagi, A.K. (2013) Effect of different Zn application methods on apparent utilization efficiency of zinc and phosphorus fertilizers under Basmati rice-wheat rotation. Archiv. Agron. Soil Sci. 60: 33–48.
    22. Swarup, A. (2010) Integrated plant nutrient supply and management strategies for enhanced soil quality, input use efficiency and crop productivity. J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci. 58: 25–31.
    23. Timsina, J. and Connor, D.J. (2001) Productivity and management of rice–wheat cropping systems: issues and challenges. Field Crop. Res. 69: 93–132.
    24. Zhu, Y.G., Smith, S.E. and Smith, F.A. (2001) Zinc-phosphorus interaction in two cultivars of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) differing in P uptake efficiency. Ann. Bot. 88: 941–945.
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