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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

Research Article

volume 52 issue 6 (december 2018) : 649-654,   Doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-345

Effect of mulch materials on soil physico-chemical properties and the performance of castor bean plant (Ricinus communis) in rivers state, Nigeria
 

O
O. A. Orji
I
I.P. Eke
1Department of Crop/Soil Science, Rivers State University, P. M. B. 5080, Port Harcourt Nigeria.
Cite article:- Orji A. O., Eke I.P. (2018). Effect of mulch materials on soil physico-chemical properties and the performance of castor bean plant (Ricinus communis) in rivers state, Nigeria. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 52(6): 649-654. doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-345.

ABSTRACT

Mulches are known to conserve soil moisture, provide organic matter, protect soil and improve the soil as a growing environment. A field experiment was conducted to assess the effect of various mulch materials viz. dry oil palm bunch, saw dust and dry elephant grass at 25, 50 and 25 tons ha-1, respectively along with black plastic mulch on some soil physical and chemical properties and the performance of castor bean plant (Ricinus communis). All the mulches were applied to a mulch thickness of 5cm  in this study. Results showed that pH values, organic carbon content and total nitrogen were all significantly improved by mulching. Bulk density values were reduced to 1.10 - 1.18gcm-3 across all treatments, when compared to the control at 1.33gcm-3. At 6 WAP, plastic mulching increased number of leaves from 16 to 40 leaves per plant and capsule weight from 63.1 to 161.3g/plant; when compared with the control.

REFERENCES

  1. Alfred, T. (2015). Fats and Oils. Ullamann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wein- hein Wiley-VCH.
  2. Bhardwaj, R. L. (2013). Effect of mulching on crop production under rainfed condition – A review. Agric. Rev., 34 (3): 188 – 1197.
  3. Blake G.R. and Hartage K.H. (1986) Bulk density. In [Klute A. (Ed)]. Methods of soil analysis. Part 1 – Physical and mineralogical methods, American Society of Agronomy, Madison Wisconsin USA, pp 363-382.
  4. Chinese Hybrid Castor. www.castor china.com. 
  5. Castor Oil (a). www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-278/castor-oil-oral/details.
  6. Castor Oil (b). www.healthline.com/health/digestive-health/castor-oil-for- constipation #1.
  7. Cooper, W. C. (1989). Castor oil, encyclopedia of occupational health and safety. Iwo vol.1:38-39
  8. DeAngelis (2007). Measurement of soil moisture content by gravimetric content. http://nature.berkeley.edu/soilmicro/methods/Soil%    20moisture%20content.pdf.
  9. Gee, G.W and Bauder, J.W. (1986). Particle size analysis. In Klute A. Ed. Methods of soil analysis. Part 1 – Physical and Mineralogical methods, American Society of Agronomy, Madison Wisconsin USA, pp 383-412.
  10. FAO (1993). Importance of organic matter In Natural Resources Management and the Environment. http://www.fao.org/3/a-i3928.pdf
  11. FAOSTAT (2010). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QA.
  12. Lal, R. (1986). Soil surface management in the tropics of intensive land use and high sustainable production. Advances in Soil Sci. 5:1-104.
  13. Lalitha, M., Thilagam,V. K., Balakrishnan, N. and Mansour, M. (2010). Effect of plastic mulch on soil properties and crop growth - A review. Agric. Rev., 31 (2): 145 – 149.
  14. Lampe, K.F., and McCann, M. A. (1985). AMA Handbook of poisonous and injurious plants. American Medical Association, Chicago III, USA. 432pp.
  15. Mercola, (2012). The castor bean plant. articles.mercola.com/site/articles/archives/2012/04/28/castor-oil-to-treat-health-conditions.aspx
  16. Mutlu, H. and Meier, M.A.R. (2010). Castor oil as a renewable resource for the chemical industry. European Jour. of Lipid Sci. and Tech. 112(1):10-30.
  17. Ogbodo, E.N. and Nnabude, P. A. (2012a). Effect of tillage and crop residue on soil physical properties and rice yield on acidic ultisol at Abakaliki, Southeastern Nigeria. Nig. Jour. of Soil Sci. 22(1): 86-96.
  18. Ogbodo, E.N. and Nnabude, P. A. (2012b). Effect of tillage and crop residue on soil chemical properties and rice yield on acidic ultisol at Abakaliki, Southeastern Nigeria. Nig. Jour. of Soil Sci. 22(1): 73-85.
  19. Ojeniyi, S. O., Adejunwon A. and Abdulraheem, M. I. (2015). Soil physico-chemical properties and cassava yield in alfisol given tillage-ash treatments. Special Nig. Jour. Soil Sci. 26:71-82.
  20. Okonkwo, G.I. and Mbajiorgu, C.C. (2010). Rainfall intensity-duration-frequency analysis for Southeastern Nigeria. Agric Eng Int: CIGR Jour., 12(1):22ÿ30.
  21. Oplinger, E.S., Oelke, E.A., Kaminski, A.R., Combs, S.M., Doll, J.D., and Schuler, R.T. (1990). Castor bean. Castor bean Production. U.S.D.A. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 2041. http://corn.agronomy.wisc.edu/crops/castorbean.aspx.
  22. Page, A. L., Miller, R. H., and Keeny, D. R. (1982). Methods of Soil Analysis Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological Properties. 2nd ed. Agronomy; 9 Soil Sci. Soc. Am., Madison WI pp. 1143.
  23. Philip, R. and Rix, M. (1999). Ricinus. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ricinus.
  24. Sharma, R. and Bhardwaj, S. (2017). Effect of mulching on soil and water conservation -A review. Agricultural Reviews, 38(4): 311 - 315.
  25. Severino, L.S, Auld, D.L.,Baldanzi, M., Cândido, M.J.D.,Chen, G.,Crosby,W., Tan, D., He, X., Lakshmamma, P.,Lavanya, C., Machado, O.L.T,Mielke, T.,Milani, et al, (2011). A review of the challenges for the increased production of castor. Agron. Jour. 104(4): 853-880.
  26. Silva, J. J. N., Montenegro, A. A. A., Pedrosa, E. M. R., Beltrao, N. E. and Henrique, H. M. (2014). Water allocations and mulching in castor bean crops in a semiarid fluvic neosol. Revista Ciencia Agronomica. 45(3): 443-452.
  27. Swangjang, K. (2015). Soil carbon and nitrogen ratio in different landuse. international Conference on Advances in Environment Research. 87 of IPCBEE.
  28. Weiss, E. A. (2000). Oil Seeds Crops. 2nd. ed. Blackwell Science Oxford. 
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    Research Article

    volume 52 issue 6 (december 2018) : 649-654,   Doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-345

    Effect of mulch materials on soil physico-chemical properties and the performance of castor bean plant (Ricinus communis) in rivers state, Nigeria
     

    O
    O. A. Orji
    I
    I.P. Eke
    1Department of Crop/Soil Science, Rivers State University, P. M. B. 5080, Port Harcourt Nigeria.
    Cite article:- Orji A. O., Eke I.P. (2018). Effect of mulch materials on soil physico-chemical properties and the performance of castor bean plant (Ricinus communis) in rivers state, Nigeria. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 52(6): 649-654. doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-345.

    ABSTRACT

    Mulches are known to conserve soil moisture, provide organic matter, protect soil and improve the soil as a growing environment. A field experiment was conducted to assess the effect of various mulch materials viz. dry oil palm bunch, saw dust and dry elephant grass at 25, 50 and 25 tons ha-1, respectively along with black plastic mulch on some soil physical and chemical properties and the performance of castor bean plant (Ricinus communis). All the mulches were applied to a mulch thickness of 5cm  in this study. Results showed that pH values, organic carbon content and total nitrogen were all significantly improved by mulching. Bulk density values were reduced to 1.10 - 1.18gcm-3 across all treatments, when compared to the control at 1.33gcm-3. At 6 WAP, plastic mulching increased number of leaves from 16 to 40 leaves per plant and capsule weight from 63.1 to 161.3g/plant; when compared with the control.

    REFERENCES

    1. Alfred, T. (2015). Fats and Oils. Ullamann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wein- hein Wiley-VCH.
    2. Bhardwaj, R. L. (2013). Effect of mulching on crop production under rainfed condition – A review. Agric. Rev., 34 (3): 188 – 1197.
    3. Blake G.R. and Hartage K.H. (1986) Bulk density. In [Klute A. (Ed)]. Methods of soil analysis. Part 1 – Physical and mineralogical methods, American Society of Agronomy, Madison Wisconsin USA, pp 363-382.
    4. Chinese Hybrid Castor. www.castor china.com. 
    5. Castor Oil (a). www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-278/castor-oil-oral/details.
    6. Castor Oil (b). www.healthline.com/health/digestive-health/castor-oil-for- constipation #1.
    7. Cooper, W. C. (1989). Castor oil, encyclopedia of occupational health and safety. Iwo vol.1:38-39
    8. DeAngelis (2007). Measurement of soil moisture content by gravimetric content. http://nature.berkeley.edu/soilmicro/methods/Soil%    20moisture%20content.pdf.
    9. Gee, G.W and Bauder, J.W. (1986). Particle size analysis. In Klute A. Ed. Methods of soil analysis. Part 1 – Physical and Mineralogical methods, American Society of Agronomy, Madison Wisconsin USA, pp 383-412.
    10. FAO (1993). Importance of organic matter In Natural Resources Management and the Environment. http://www.fao.org/3/a-i3928.pdf
    11. FAOSTAT (2010). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QA.
    12. Lal, R. (1986). Soil surface management in the tropics of intensive land use and high sustainable production. Advances in Soil Sci. 5:1-104.
    13. Lalitha, M., Thilagam,V. K., Balakrishnan, N. and Mansour, M. (2010). Effect of plastic mulch on soil properties and crop growth - A review. Agric. Rev., 31 (2): 145 – 149.
    14. Lampe, K.F., and McCann, M. A. (1985). AMA Handbook of poisonous and injurious plants. American Medical Association, Chicago III, USA. 432pp.
    15. Mercola, (2012). The castor bean plant. articles.mercola.com/site/articles/archives/2012/04/28/castor-oil-to-treat-health-conditions.aspx
    16. Mutlu, H. and Meier, M.A.R. (2010). Castor oil as a renewable resource for the chemical industry. European Jour. of Lipid Sci. and Tech. 112(1):10-30.
    17. Ogbodo, E.N. and Nnabude, P. A. (2012a). Effect of tillage and crop residue on soil physical properties and rice yield on acidic ultisol at Abakaliki, Southeastern Nigeria. Nig. Jour. of Soil Sci. 22(1): 86-96.
    18. Ogbodo, E.N. and Nnabude, P. A. (2012b). Effect of tillage and crop residue on soil chemical properties and rice yield on acidic ultisol at Abakaliki, Southeastern Nigeria. Nig. Jour. of Soil Sci. 22(1): 73-85.
    19. Ojeniyi, S. O., Adejunwon A. and Abdulraheem, M. I. (2015). Soil physico-chemical properties and cassava yield in alfisol given tillage-ash treatments. Special Nig. Jour. Soil Sci. 26:71-82.
    20. Okonkwo, G.I. and Mbajiorgu, C.C. (2010). Rainfall intensity-duration-frequency analysis for Southeastern Nigeria. Agric Eng Int: CIGR Jour., 12(1):22ÿ30.
    21. Oplinger, E.S., Oelke, E.A., Kaminski, A.R., Combs, S.M., Doll, J.D., and Schuler, R.T. (1990). Castor bean. Castor bean Production. U.S.D.A. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 2041. http://corn.agronomy.wisc.edu/crops/castorbean.aspx.
    22. Page, A. L., Miller, R. H., and Keeny, D. R. (1982). Methods of Soil Analysis Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological Properties. 2nd ed. Agronomy; 9 Soil Sci. Soc. Am., Madison WI pp. 1143.
    23. Philip, R. and Rix, M. (1999). Ricinus. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ricinus.
    24. Sharma, R. and Bhardwaj, S. (2017). Effect of mulching on soil and water conservation -A review. Agricultural Reviews, 38(4): 311 - 315.
    25. Severino, L.S, Auld, D.L.,Baldanzi, M., Cândido, M.J.D.,Chen, G.,Crosby,W., Tan, D., He, X., Lakshmamma, P.,Lavanya, C., Machado, O.L.T,Mielke, T.,Milani, et al, (2011). A review of the challenges for the increased production of castor. Agron. Jour. 104(4): 853-880.
    26. Silva, J. J. N., Montenegro, A. A. A., Pedrosa, E. M. R., Beltrao, N. E. and Henrique, H. M. (2014). Water allocations and mulching in castor bean crops in a semiarid fluvic neosol. Revista Ciencia Agronomica. 45(3): 443-452.
    27. Swangjang, K. (2015). Soil carbon and nitrogen ratio in different landuse. international Conference on Advances in Environment Research. 87 of IPCBEE.
    28. Weiss, E. A. (2000). Oil Seeds Crops. 2nd. ed. Blackwell Science Oxford. 
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