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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

Research Article

volume 51 issue 5 (october 2017) : 458-462,   Doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-274

Characteristics of three biochar types with different pyrolysis time as ameliorant of peat soil

U
Urai Suci Yulies Vitri Indrawati
A
Azwar Ma’as
S
Sri Nuryani Hidayah Utami
E
Eko Hanuddin
1Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanjungpura University, Pontianak, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
Cite article:- Indrawati Vitri Yulies Suci Urai, Ma’as Azwar, Utami Hidayah Nuryani Sri, Hanuddin Eko (2017). Characteristics of three biochar types with different pyrolysis time as ameliorant of peat soil. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 51(5): 458-462. doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-274.

ABSTRACT

Biochar is a pyrolysis product resulted from biomass burning in oxygen limited conditions and is expected to serve as soil ameliorant.In this paper a laboratory study was conducted using three types of biochar ( palm empty fruit bunches (tankos), rice husk and peat from Bengkalis). The study was aimed at identifying the characteristics of each biochar burned at a temperature of 350oC with different pyrolysis time (3, 4 and5 hours). The analysis of lignin content showed that the peat from Bengkalis has higher lignin (50.23%) followed by tankos (41.96%) and rice husk (18.40%). The results of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) show lower-layer Bengkalis peat (A2) has more functional group than husk burned for three hours and four hours (12 types, 10 types and 10 types).  The appearance of rice husk biochar surface pores pyrolyzed for 3 hours, with 1000x magnification is sturdy and orderly arranged, smaller macro and micro pore size (1.612 ìm; 1.800 ìm; 2.593 ìm)  than that of husk biochar pyrolyzed for four  hours (6.956 ìm; 9.402 ìm ; 5.012 µm). In Bengkalis peat (A2), the macro and micro pores are sturdy and orderly arranged, the size of the pores is partially collapsed so that it is smaller and cannot be measured. Large and orderly arranged structure and form of pores will increase the role of biochar as ameliorant in the soil. The formation of intact pore makes biochar better in terms of bulk density, particle density, and aeration. 

REFERENCES

  1. Brown, R.(2009). Biochar Production Technology. In: Biochar for Environmental Management: Science and Technology (Eds). J. Lehmann& S. Joseph. 2009. Biochar for Environmental Management. First published by Earthscan in the UK and USA in 2009. 416 p
  2. Demirbas, A. (2004). Effects of temperature and Particle Size On Bio-Char Yield from Pyrolysis of Agricultural Residues. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 72(2): 243-248.
  3. Gaskin, J.W., C. Steiner, K. Harris, K.C. Das, K.C.and B. Bibens.(2008). Effect of Low-Temperature Pyrolysis Conditions on Biochar for Agricultural Use. Transactions of the ASABE. 51(6): 2061-2069.
  4. Indonesia Soil Research Institute. (2009).Analysis of Soil Chemistry, Plants, Water and Fertilizer. Technical Guide Edition 2. GROUND Research Institute. Bogor. 
  5. Lehmann, J. (2007). Bio-energy in the Black.Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (CL273@cornell.edu).© The Ecological Society of America. Front Ecol Environ 2007; 5(7): 381–387.
  6. Lehmann, J &Joseph, (2009).Biochar for Environmental Management.First Published by Earthscan in the UK and USA in 2009. P416.
  7. Leiwakabessy, F.M & Wahyudin, M. (1979). Peat Density and Paddy Production, In: Proceedings of National Symposium III Development of Tidal Areas in Indonesia, February 1979, Palembang, Indonesia. P18.
  8. Ma’as, A. (1997). Sustainable Peatland Management and Enviromentally Friendly. Jurnal Alami. BPP Teknologi, Jakarta. (in Indonesia). 2(1): 12-16
  9. Sastrohamidjojo.H, (2007).Dasar Dasar Sprektroskopi .Liberty Yogyakarta: Yogyakarta. P38.
  10. Schmidt, M.W.I., and A.G. Noack. 2000. Black Carbon in Soils and Sediments:Analysis, Distribution, Implications, and Current Challenges.GlobalBiogeochem. 2011. Cycles 14:777–793 -52.
  11. Schmidt, M.W.I., and A.G. Noack. (2000). Black Carbon in Soils and Sediments:Analysis 
  12. Distribution, Implications, and Current Challenges.Global Biogeochem. Cycles 14:777–793.
  13. Steiner, C., B. Glaser, W.G., Teixeira, J. Lehmann, W.E.H Blum and W. Zech. 2008. Nitrogen Retention and Plant Uptake on A Highly Weathered Central Amosonian Ferralsol Amended With Compost and Choarcoal. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 171(6):893-899.
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Indian Journal of Agricultural Research
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    Research Article

    volume 51 issue 5 (october 2017) : 458-462,   Doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-274

    Characteristics of three biochar types with different pyrolysis time as ameliorant of peat soil

    U
    Urai Suci Yulies Vitri Indrawati
    A
    Azwar Ma’as
    S
    Sri Nuryani Hidayah Utami
    E
    Eko Hanuddin
    1Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanjungpura University, Pontianak, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
    Cite article:- Indrawati Vitri Yulies Suci Urai, Ma’as Azwar, Utami Hidayah Nuryani Sri, Hanuddin Eko (2017). Characteristics of three biochar types with different pyrolysis time as ameliorant of peat soil. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 51(5): 458-462. doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-274.

    ABSTRACT

    Biochar is a pyrolysis product resulted from biomass burning in oxygen limited conditions and is expected to serve as soil ameliorant.In this paper a laboratory study was conducted using three types of biochar ( palm empty fruit bunches (tankos), rice husk and peat from Bengkalis). The study was aimed at identifying the characteristics of each biochar burned at a temperature of 350oC with different pyrolysis time (3, 4 and5 hours). The analysis of lignin content showed that the peat from Bengkalis has higher lignin (50.23%) followed by tankos (41.96%) and rice husk (18.40%). The results of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) show lower-layer Bengkalis peat (A2) has more functional group than husk burned for three hours and four hours (12 types, 10 types and 10 types).  The appearance of rice husk biochar surface pores pyrolyzed for 3 hours, with 1000x magnification is sturdy and orderly arranged, smaller macro and micro pore size (1.612 ìm; 1.800 ìm; 2.593 ìm)  than that of husk biochar pyrolyzed for four  hours (6.956 ìm; 9.402 ìm ; 5.012 µm). In Bengkalis peat (A2), the macro and micro pores are sturdy and orderly arranged, the size of the pores is partially collapsed so that it is smaller and cannot be measured. Large and orderly arranged structure and form of pores will increase the role of biochar as ameliorant in the soil. The formation of intact pore makes biochar better in terms of bulk density, particle density, and aeration. 

    REFERENCES

    1. Brown, R.(2009). Biochar Production Technology. In: Biochar for Environmental Management: Science and Technology (Eds). J. Lehmann& S. Joseph. 2009. Biochar for Environmental Management. First published by Earthscan in the UK and USA in 2009. 416 p
    2. Demirbas, A. (2004). Effects of temperature and Particle Size On Bio-Char Yield from Pyrolysis of Agricultural Residues. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 72(2): 243-248.
    3. Gaskin, J.W., C. Steiner, K. Harris, K.C. Das, K.C.and B. Bibens.(2008). Effect of Low-Temperature Pyrolysis Conditions on Biochar for Agricultural Use. Transactions of the ASABE. 51(6): 2061-2069.
    4. Indonesia Soil Research Institute. (2009).Analysis of Soil Chemistry, Plants, Water and Fertilizer. Technical Guide Edition 2. GROUND Research Institute. Bogor. 
    5. Lehmann, J. (2007). Bio-energy in the Black.Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (CL273@cornell.edu).© The Ecological Society of America. Front Ecol Environ 2007; 5(7): 381–387.
    6. Lehmann, J &Joseph, (2009).Biochar for Environmental Management.First Published by Earthscan in the UK and USA in 2009. P416.
    7. Leiwakabessy, F.M & Wahyudin, M. (1979). Peat Density and Paddy Production, In: Proceedings of National Symposium III Development of Tidal Areas in Indonesia, February 1979, Palembang, Indonesia. P18.
    8. Ma’as, A. (1997). Sustainable Peatland Management and Enviromentally Friendly. Jurnal Alami. BPP Teknologi, Jakarta. (in Indonesia). 2(1): 12-16
    9. Sastrohamidjojo.H, (2007).Dasar Dasar Sprektroskopi .Liberty Yogyakarta: Yogyakarta. P38.
    10. Schmidt, M.W.I., and A.G. Noack. 2000. Black Carbon in Soils and Sediments:Analysis, Distribution, Implications, and Current Challenges.GlobalBiogeochem. 2011. Cycles 14:777–793 -52.
    11. Schmidt, M.W.I., and A.G. Noack. (2000). Black Carbon in Soils and Sediments:Analysis 
    12. Distribution, Implications, and Current Challenges.Global Biogeochem. Cycles 14:777–793.
    13. Steiner, C., B. Glaser, W.G., Teixeira, J. Lehmann, W.E.H Blum and W. Zech. 2008. Nitrogen Retention and Plant Uptake on A Highly Weathered Central Amosonian Ferralsol Amended With Compost and Choarcoal. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 171(6):893-899.
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