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Short Communication

Development of High Yielding, Medium Maturity Lentil Variety LH 17-19 with Better Yield in Special Salinity Trial and Rust Resistance

L
Lakshmi Chaudhary1,*
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8290-5353
U
Uma Devi1
R
Rajesh Yadav1
S
S.K. Pahuja1
P
Priyanka Kumawat1
1Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004, Haryana, India.

ABSTRACT

Lentils are possibly the first crop to be domesticated approximately 11,000 BC in the Fertile Crescent. The importance of lentil cultivation lies in its resistance to drought and its ability to grow in a wide range of soils, therefore, this legume production presents an encouraging panorama. Due to its low cultivation costs, it could become a magnificent option for the diversification of crops. An improved small seeded Lentil variety, “LH 17-19” was developed by pedigree method of breeding by Pulses Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The Objective was to develop high yielding, early maturing short duration and disease resistant variety of lentil .The Genotype LH 7-26 was crossed with variety PL 1 and Pedigree method was used to develop the variety. LH 17-19 yielded 1533 kg/ha and registered 13.65 and 17.86% increase over the checks Pant L 063 (1349 kg/ha) and L 4147 (1301 kg/ha), respectively, in North West Plain Zone of India in Coordinated trials conducted over three years. This variety is resistant to rust and moderately resistant to wilt in North West Plain Zone of India.

INTRODUCTION

Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik. ssp. culinaris) is a diploid (2x=2n= 14 chromosomes) autogamous annual species with a large genome size of about 4063 bp (Arumuganathan and Earle, 1991). The genus Lens belongs to the family Fabaceae. The cultivated species Lens culinaris Medik. ssp. culinaris is classified into varietal types microsperma (small seeded with red cotyledon) and macrosperma (large seeded with green cotyledon). In India, lentil is grown in Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, Bihar and West Bengal with an area of 1.74 million ha and the production of 1.79 million tonnes an average yield 1028 kg/ha during 2023-24 (INDIASTAT, 2023). Lentil plays a significant role in human and animal nutrition as well as improvement of soil fertility. The crop has great importance in crop rotation because of its ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen. More than one billion hectares of land globally are affected by salinity. Salt-affected soils currently impact about 20% of all cultivated land and 33% of irrigated agricultural land worldwide. Lentil is considered a very salt-sensitive legume. A study indicated that at an electrical conductivity (EC) of just 2 dS/m, yield reduction can be around 20%and at 3 dS/m, the yield loss can be as high as 90-100% compared to other, more tolerant crops like barley or wheat. Salinity negatively impacts every stage of the plant’s life cycle, from germination to seed production. The current scenario involves extensive research to bridge this gap, including identifying existing salt-tolerant lentil accessions (e.g., PDL-1, Ustica, Pantelleria). Thus Soil salinity is a major abiotic stress, limiting lentil productivity worldwide (Dissanayake et al., 2021).
       
CCS HAU, Hisar has earlier released three lentil varieties viz; Sapna, Garima and HM 1. Recently LH 17-19 is released for crop diversification in 2024 for NWPZ. Lentil variety LH 17-19 (Small seeded) was Released and Notified for cultivation in North West Plain Zone of India (Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, western Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and plains of Uttarakhand and Jammu region) vide S.O. No. 1560 (E) dated 26.3.2024. LH 17-19 is medium maturing (130-135 days), resistant to rust and moderately resistant to wilt. Average yield is 15-16 q/ha and potential yield is 25-26 q/ha. Total protein content in this genotype is 26.56%. LH 17-19 also performed better in special salinity trial of Rabi 2020-21, it performed 22.38 and 26.31% better over salinity check PSL-9 and PDL -1. To obtain high yielding transgressive segregants, the genotypes LL 931, L 4717, IPL 316, LH 18-04, LH 17-19 and DPL 15 should be used in hybridization programmes to exploit genetic variability (Sharma, 2022).
       
The Genotype LH 7-26 was crossed with variety PL 1 during Rabi 2011-12 and Pedigree method (George Acquaah, 2020) was used to develop the variety. Single plant progenies were selected from F2 to F5 generation. The best performing progeny rows were bulked and evaluated in station trials viz; Small scale trial (SST), Large scale trial (LST) and Final yield trial (FYT) from Rabi 2017-18 to 2019-20. The genotype LH 17-19 was identified as best performing genotype and was nominated in Lentil Special salinity trial of (Rabi 2020-2). The entry was promoted to AVT- 1 of Rabi Lentil (2021-22) then promoted to AVT- 2 of Rabi Lentil (2022-23), 12.9 % Superiority in seed yield (averaged over three years) over the best check (L 063) was observed. Identification proposal of lentil variety LH 17-19 was submitted in AGM Rabi 2023. Lentil variety LH 17-19 (Small seeded) was Released and Notified for cultivation in North West Plain Zone of India (Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, western Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and plains of Uttarakhand and Jammu region) vide S.O. No. 1560 (E) dated 26.3.2024.
       
The Genotype Flowchart of details of development of Lentil variety LH 17-19 is presented below in Fig 1.

Fig 1: The flowchart of development of lentil variety LH 17-19.


               
LH 17-19 yielded 1533 kg/ha (average of three years in Coordinated trials) and registered 13.65 and 17.86 per cent increase over the checks Pant L 063 (1349 kg/ha) and L 4147 (1301 kg/ha), respectively, in North West Plain Zone of India in different Coordinated trials conducted over three years. Centre wise performance of LH 17-19 in AVT- 1 and AVT-2 (Rabi 2021-22 and Rabi 2022-23) is shown in Table 1 and 2 respectively. LH 17-19 also performed better in special salinity trial of Rabi 2020-21, it performed 22.38 and 26.31 % better over salinity check PSL-9 and PDL-1. Summary yield data of lentil variety LH 17-19 in Coordinated Varietal Trials is presented in Table 3. LH 17-19 was found moderately resistant to wilt in North West Plain Zone of India as wilt incidence was observed less in LH 17-19 in comparison to almost all the checks and qualifying varieties (Table 4). Rust incidence in LH 17-19 was less than all the checks, qualifying varieties and resistant checks (Table 5). Seeds and single plant of LH 17-19 is shown in Fig 2 and 3 below.

Table 1: Centre wise performance of LH 17-19 in AVT- 1 (Rabi 2021-22): NWPZ.



Table 2: Centre wise performance of LH 17-19 in AVT- 2 (Rabi 2022-23): NWPZ.



Table 3: Summary yield data of lentil variety LH 17-19 in coordinated varietal trials in NWPZ (Rabi).



Table 4: Reaction of LH 17-19 to wilt in AICRP trials in NWPZ (Rabi 2021-22 and 2022-23).



Table 5: Reaction of LH 17-19 to Rust in AICRP Trials (Rabi 2021-22 and 2022-23).



Fig 2: Seeds of LH 17-19.



Fig 3: Single plant of LH 17-19.

CONCLUSION

Lentil can play a vital role in crop diversification on marginal land with low inputs, for selecting high yielding genotypes; the breeder should give more emphasis to the genotypes with higher seed yield per plant, higher number of pods per plant and plants with high biomass (Pilania, 2025). CCS HAU has developed the varieties viz; HM 1, Sapna and Garima. Recently small seeded variety LH 17-19 has been released from CCS HAU, Hisar with average yield of 15-16q/ha. As far as economics is concerned, higher gross return, net return and BC ratio was recorded for small seeded lentil variety LH 17-19 (2.11) over check variety PL 063 and LL1373(1.99 and 1.44 B:C ratio).  Higher return was obtained with sowing on 5th November. Thus lentil variety LH 17-19 will play a vital role in crop diversification in Haryana as well as in north west plain zone of India.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The present study was supported by Pulses Section, Deptt. Of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS HAU, Hisar.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this article. No funding or sponsor-ship influenced the design of the study, data collection, analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

REFERENCES


  1. Arumuganathan, K. and E.D. Earle. (1991). Estimation of nuclear DNA content of plants by flow cytometry. Plant Mol. Biol. Reporter.  9: 221-231.

  2. Dissanayake, R., Cogan, N.O.I., Smith, K.F.and Kaur, S. (2021). Application of genomics to understand salt tolerance in lentil. Genes. 12(3): 332. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12030332.

  3. INDIASTAT database. (2023). https://www.indiastat.com/agriculture- data/ 2/agricultural production/225/masoor- lentil/19570/ stats.aspx.

  4. George Acquaah (2020).  Principles of Plant Genetics and Breeding. John Wiley and Sons.

  5. Pilania, P., Chaudhary, L., Kumar, M. (2025). Genetic variability and association analysis for various quantitative traits in Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik. ssp. culinaris). Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 59(8): 1184-1188. doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-6261.

  6. Sharma, R., Chaudhary, L., Kumar, M., Panwar, N. (2022). Analysis of genetic parameters and trait relationship for seed yield and its attributing components in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.). Legume Research. 45(11): 1344-1350. doi: 10.18805/LR-4969.
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    Short Communication

    Development of High Yielding, Medium Maturity Lentil Variety LH 17-19 with Better Yield in Special Salinity Trial and Rust Resistance

    L
    Lakshmi Chaudhary1,*
    https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8290-5353
    U
    Uma Devi1
    R
    Rajesh Yadav1
    S
    S.K. Pahuja1
    P
    Priyanka Kumawat1
    1Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004, Haryana, India.

    ABSTRACT

    Lentils are possibly the first crop to be domesticated approximately 11,000 BC in the Fertile Crescent. The importance of lentil cultivation lies in its resistance to drought and its ability to grow in a wide range of soils, therefore, this legume production presents an encouraging panorama. Due to its low cultivation costs, it could become a magnificent option for the diversification of crops. An improved small seeded Lentil variety, “LH 17-19” was developed by pedigree method of breeding by Pulses Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The Objective was to develop high yielding, early maturing short duration and disease resistant variety of lentil .The Genotype LH 7-26 was crossed with variety PL 1 and Pedigree method was used to develop the variety. LH 17-19 yielded 1533 kg/ha and registered 13.65 and 17.86% increase over the checks Pant L 063 (1349 kg/ha) and L 4147 (1301 kg/ha), respectively, in North West Plain Zone of India in Coordinated trials conducted over three years. This variety is resistant to rust and moderately resistant to wilt in North West Plain Zone of India.

    INTRODUCTION

    Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik. ssp. culinaris) is a diploid (2x=2n= 14 chromosomes) autogamous annual species with a large genome size of about 4063 bp (Arumuganathan and Earle, 1991). The genus Lens belongs to the family Fabaceae. The cultivated species Lens culinaris Medik. ssp. culinaris is classified into varietal types microsperma (small seeded with red cotyledon) and macrosperma (large seeded with green cotyledon). In India, lentil is grown in Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, Bihar and West Bengal with an area of 1.74 million ha and the production of 1.79 million tonnes an average yield 1028 kg/ha during 2023-24 (INDIASTAT, 2023). Lentil plays a significant role in human and animal nutrition as well as improvement of soil fertility. The crop has great importance in crop rotation because of its ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen. More than one billion hectares of land globally are affected by salinity. Salt-affected soils currently impact about 20% of all cultivated land and 33% of irrigated agricultural land worldwide. Lentil is considered a very salt-sensitive legume. A study indicated that at an electrical conductivity (EC) of just 2 dS/m, yield reduction can be around 20%and at 3 dS/m, the yield loss can be as high as 90-100% compared to other, more tolerant crops like barley or wheat. Salinity negatively impacts every stage of the plant’s life cycle, from germination to seed production. The current scenario involves extensive research to bridge this gap, including identifying existing salt-tolerant lentil accessions (e.g., PDL-1, Ustica, Pantelleria). Thus Soil salinity is a major abiotic stress, limiting lentil productivity worldwide (Dissanayake et al., 2021).
           
    CCS HAU, Hisar has earlier released three lentil varieties viz; Sapna, Garima and HM 1. Recently LH 17-19 is released for crop diversification in 2024 for NWPZ. Lentil variety LH 17-19 (Small seeded) was Released and Notified for cultivation in North West Plain Zone of India (Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, western Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and plains of Uttarakhand and Jammu region) vide S.O. No. 1560 (E) dated 26.3.2024. LH 17-19 is medium maturing (130-135 days), resistant to rust and moderately resistant to wilt. Average yield is 15-16 q/ha and potential yield is 25-26 q/ha. Total protein content in this genotype is 26.56%. LH 17-19 also performed better in special salinity trial of Rabi 2020-21, it performed 22.38 and 26.31% better over salinity check PSL-9 and PDL -1. To obtain high yielding transgressive segregants, the genotypes LL 931, L 4717, IPL 316, LH 18-04, LH 17-19 and DPL 15 should be used in hybridization programmes to exploit genetic variability (Sharma, 2022).
           
    The Genotype LH 7-26 was crossed with variety PL 1 during Rabi 2011-12 and Pedigree method (George Acquaah, 2020) was used to develop the variety. Single plant progenies were selected from F2 to F5 generation. The best performing progeny rows were bulked and evaluated in station trials viz; Small scale trial (SST), Large scale trial (LST) and Final yield trial (FYT) from Rabi 2017-18 to 2019-20. The genotype LH 17-19 was identified as best performing genotype and was nominated in Lentil Special salinity trial of (Rabi 2020-2). The entry was promoted to AVT- 1 of Rabi Lentil (2021-22) then promoted to AVT- 2 of Rabi Lentil (2022-23), 12.9 % Superiority in seed yield (averaged over three years) over the best check (L 063) was observed. Identification proposal of lentil variety LH 17-19 was submitted in AGM Rabi 2023. Lentil variety LH 17-19 (Small seeded) was Released and Notified for cultivation in North West Plain Zone of India (Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, western Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and plains of Uttarakhand and Jammu region) vide S.O. No. 1560 (E) dated 26.3.2024.
           
    The Genotype Flowchart of details of development of Lentil variety LH 17-19 is presented below in Fig 1.

    Fig 1: The flowchart of development of lentil variety LH 17-19.


                   
    LH 17-19 yielded 1533 kg/ha (average of three years in Coordinated trials) and registered 13.65 and 17.86 per cent increase over the checks Pant L 063 (1349 kg/ha) and L 4147 (1301 kg/ha), respectively, in North West Plain Zone of India in different Coordinated trials conducted over three years. Centre wise performance of LH 17-19 in AVT- 1 and AVT-2 (Rabi 2021-22 and Rabi 2022-23) is shown in Table 1 and 2 respectively. LH 17-19 also performed better in special salinity trial of Rabi 2020-21, it performed 22.38 and 26.31 % better over salinity check PSL-9 and PDL-1. Summary yield data of lentil variety LH 17-19 in Coordinated Varietal Trials is presented in Table 3. LH 17-19 was found moderately resistant to wilt in North West Plain Zone of India as wilt incidence was observed less in LH 17-19 in comparison to almost all the checks and qualifying varieties (Table 4). Rust incidence in LH 17-19 was less than all the checks, qualifying varieties and resistant checks (Table 5). Seeds and single plant of LH 17-19 is shown in Fig 2 and 3 below.

    Table 1: Centre wise performance of LH 17-19 in AVT- 1 (Rabi 2021-22): NWPZ.



    Table 2: Centre wise performance of LH 17-19 in AVT- 2 (Rabi 2022-23): NWPZ.



    Table 3: Summary yield data of lentil variety LH 17-19 in coordinated varietal trials in NWPZ (Rabi).



    Table 4: Reaction of LH 17-19 to wilt in AICRP trials in NWPZ (Rabi 2021-22 and 2022-23).



    Table 5: Reaction of LH 17-19 to Rust in AICRP Trials (Rabi 2021-22 and 2022-23).



    Fig 2: Seeds of LH 17-19.



    Fig 3: Single plant of LH 17-19.

    CONCLUSION

    Lentil can play a vital role in crop diversification on marginal land with low inputs, for selecting high yielding genotypes; the breeder should give more emphasis to the genotypes with higher seed yield per plant, higher number of pods per plant and plants with high biomass (Pilania, 2025). CCS HAU has developed the varieties viz; HM 1, Sapna and Garima. Recently small seeded variety LH 17-19 has been released from CCS HAU, Hisar with average yield of 15-16q/ha. As far as economics is concerned, higher gross return, net return and BC ratio was recorded for small seeded lentil variety LH 17-19 (2.11) over check variety PL 063 and LL1373(1.99 and 1.44 B:C ratio).  Higher return was obtained with sowing on 5th November. Thus lentil variety LH 17-19 will play a vital role in crop diversification in Haryana as well as in north west plain zone of India.

    ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

    The present study was supported by Pulses Section, Deptt. Of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS HAU, Hisar.

    CONFLICT OF INTEREST

    The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this article. No funding or sponsor-ship influenced the design of the study, data collection, analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

    REFERENCES


    1. Arumuganathan, K. and E.D. Earle. (1991). Estimation of nuclear DNA content of plants by flow cytometry. Plant Mol. Biol. Reporter.  9: 221-231.

    2. Dissanayake, R., Cogan, N.O.I., Smith, K.F.and Kaur, S. (2021). Application of genomics to understand salt tolerance in lentil. Genes. 12(3): 332. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12030332.

    3. INDIASTAT database. (2023). https://www.indiastat.com/agriculture- data/ 2/agricultural production/225/masoor- lentil/19570/ stats.aspx.

    4. George Acquaah (2020).  Principles of Plant Genetics and Breeding. John Wiley and Sons.

    5. Pilania, P., Chaudhary, L., Kumar, M. (2025). Genetic variability and association analysis for various quantitative traits in Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik. ssp. culinaris). Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 59(8): 1184-1188. doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-6261.

    6. Sharma, R., Chaudhary, L., Kumar, M., Panwar, N. (2022). Analysis of genetic parameters and trait relationship for seed yield and its attributing components in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.). Legume Research. 45(11): 1344-1350. doi: 10.18805/LR-4969.
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