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Research Article

volume 39 issue 1 (march 2019) : 21-25,   Doi: 10.18805/ag.D-4874

Detoxification assessment of Aflatoxin in Aspergillus flavus under the effect of Calendula officinalis Linn’s methanolic extract

J
Jyoti Mishra
M
Maneesh Kumar
A
Ajai Kishore Sharan
J
Jainendra Kumar
1Department of Botany and Biotechnology, Patliputra University, Patna-800 020, Bihar, India.
Cite article:- Mishra Jyoti, Kumar Maneesh, Sharan Kishore Ajai, Kumar Jainendra (2019). Detoxification assessment of Aflatoxin in Aspergillus flavus under the effect of Calendula officinalis Linn’s methanolic extract. Agricultural Science Digest. 39(1): 21-25. doi: 10.18805/ag.D-4874.

ABSTRACT

Calendula officinalis Linn (pot marigold) possess potential pharmacological activities which might be considered as an excellent cause, in scheming the aflatoxin biosynthesis in the aflatoxigenic fungi. The aim of the present study was to assess the antifungal activity of methanol extracts of the plant petals against biosynthesis of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in Aspergillus flavus. The antifungal potential of methanolic extract of C. officinalis was evaluated against the toxigenic fungus on Czapek Dox Agar (CDA) and Czapek Dox Broth (CDB) Media, using disc diffusion assay. The use of C. officinalis extract on the A. flavus culture showed the significant inhibition of AFB1up to 59.50% along with the reduction of mycelial growth to about 24.82%. Although, the treatment of the AFB1 with the extract for 5 hours at 80ºC which led to 78.48%. The work well established the inhibitory role of C. officinalis extract in order to reduce the AFB1 threat.

REFERENCES

  1. Calvo AM, Wilson RA, Bok JW, Keller NP (2002) Relationship between secondary metabolism and fungal development. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews. 66(3):447-459.
  2. Chalchat J, Garry RP, Michet A. (1991). Chemical composition of essential oil of Calendula officinalis L.(Pot Marigold). Flavour and Fragrance Journal. 6(3):189-192.
  3. Chemin I, Ohgaki H, Chisari F, Wild C. (1999) Altered expression of hepatic carcinogen metabolizing enzymes with liver injury in HBV transgenic mouse lineages expressing various amounts of hepatitis B surface antigen.” Liver International. 19(2):81-87.
  4. Ercetin T, Senol FS, Orhan IE, Toker G. (2012) Comparative assessment of antioxidant and cholinesterase inhibitory properties of the marigold extracts from Calendula arvensis L. and Calendula officinalis L. Industrial Crops and Products. 36(1):203-208.
  5. Fountain JC, Scully BT, Chen ZY, Gold SE, Glenn AE, Abbas HK, Lee RD, Kemerait RC, Guo B. (2015) Effects of hydrogen peroxide on different toxigenic and atoxigenic isolates of Aspergillus flavus. Toxins. 7(8):2985-2999.
  6. Hamzawy MA, El-Denshary ES, Hassan NS, Mannaa FA, Abdel-Wahhab MA. (2013) Dietary supplementation of Calendula officinalis counteracts the oxidative stress and liver damage resulted from aflatoxin. ISRN Nutrition 2013.
  7. Kasiram K, Sakharkar P, Patil A. (2000) Antifungal activity of Calendula officinalis. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 62(6):464.
  8. Kumar M, Topno RK, Kumar H, Kumar J. (2018a) Biological conversion of Carcinogenic Aflatoxin B1 to AFB1-8, 9-exo-epoxide and its potential prevention. International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews. 5(4):935-946.
  9. Kumar M, Sahoo G, Topno R, Pandey K, Ravidas V, Dikhit M, Kumar H, Das P. (2018b) Molecular interaction of antifungal compounds with fungal type I Polyketide synthase and preventing hepatocarcinogenesis. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 73:285. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2018.04.4065. 
  10. Kumar H, Saw SK, Kumari P, Kumar M, Kumar M, Kumar J, Sahoo GS (2018c) Understanding the Role of aflS Gene Expression in Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillud oryzae Regarding the Aflatoxin Production. International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews. 5(4):148-157.
  11. Kumar M, Rana S, Kumar H, Kumar J, Mansuri R, Sahoo GC. (2017a) Inhibition of product template (PT) domain of aflatoxin producing polyketide synthase enzyme of Aspergillus parasiticus. Letters in Drug Design & Discovery., 14(7):811-818. DOI : 10.2174/1570180814666170203144914.
  12. Kumar M, Kumar H, Kumar S, Kumar K, Jha S, Kumar S. (2017b) Inhibitory effect of the acetone extract of maize leaves on the mycelial growth of Aspergillus parasiticus along with its aflatoxins production. International Journal of Advanced Research. 5(11):751-757. DOI: 10.21474/IJAR01/5827.
  13. Kumar M, Rana S, Kumar H, Kumar P, Dikhit MR, Mansuri R, Kumar J, Sahoo GC. (2017c) Computational, structural and functional aspects of hypothetical protein of Aspergillus flavus Pheromone Receptor Pre-A (PRP-A). Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science. 7(07):089-097. DOI: 10.7324/JAPS.2017.70714
  14. Kumar H, Kumar M, Kumar B, Bharti S, Kumar P, Kumar M, Kumar J. (2017d). Effect of acetone extract of Zea mays L. leaves on the growth of Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin production. International Journal of Advanced Research. 5(8):1667-1671.
  15. Mahoney N, Molyneux RJ, Kim JH, Campbell BC, Waiss AC, Hagerman AE. (2010) Aflatoxigenesis induced in Aspergillus flavus by oxidative stress and reduction by phenolic antioxidants from tree nuts.World Mycotoxin Journal. 3(1):45–48.
  16. Rajarajan P, Rajasekaran K, Devi N. (2013) Aflatoxin contamination in agricultural commodities.
  17. Reddy S, Waliyar F. (2000) “Properties of aflatoxin and it producing fungi. Aflatoxin. Int. Crops Res. Inst. for the Semi-Arid Tropics.
  18. Rivkina M, Cote PJ, Robinson WS, Tennant BC, Marion PL. (1996) Absence of mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene in woodchuck hepatocellular carcinomas associated with hepadnavirus infection and intake of aflatoxin B1. Carcinogenesis. 17(12):2689-2694.
  19. Singh R, Rai TS, Sharma NS, Arora AK, Kaur P. (2017) Evaluation of a Real time polymerase chain reaction assay for the detectionof aflatoxin/sterigmatocystin producing strains of Aspergillus spp. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 51(4):676-8. DOI: 10.18805/ijar.v0iOF.7263
  20. Trombete FM, de Ávila Moraes D, Porto YD, Santos TB, Direito GM, Fraga ME, Saldanha T (2014) Determination of aflatoxins in wheat and wheat by-products intended for human consumption, marketed in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Journal of Food and Nutrition Research. 2(10):671-674.
  21. Turner NW, Subrahmanyam S, Piletsky S (2009) Analytical methods for determination of mycotoxins: a review. Analytica chimica acta. 632(2):168-180.
  22. Yadav, D.P., Kumar, M. and Jamal, M.A., (2018) Larvicidal & Juvenomimetic property of Withania somnifera extracts against larvae of Tribolium confusum Duavl. International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews. 
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    Research Article

    volume 39 issue 1 (march 2019) : 21-25,   Doi: 10.18805/ag.D-4874

    Detoxification assessment of Aflatoxin in Aspergillus flavus under the effect of Calendula officinalis Linn’s methanolic extract

    J
    Jyoti Mishra
    M
    Maneesh Kumar
    A
    Ajai Kishore Sharan
    J
    Jainendra Kumar
    1Department of Botany and Biotechnology, Patliputra University, Patna-800 020, Bihar, India.
    Cite article:- Mishra Jyoti, Kumar Maneesh, Sharan Kishore Ajai, Kumar Jainendra (2019). Detoxification assessment of Aflatoxin in Aspergillus flavus under the effect of Calendula officinalis Linn’s methanolic extract. Agricultural Science Digest. 39(1): 21-25. doi: 10.18805/ag.D-4874.

    ABSTRACT

    Calendula officinalis Linn (pot marigold) possess potential pharmacological activities which might be considered as an excellent cause, in scheming the aflatoxin biosynthesis in the aflatoxigenic fungi. The aim of the present study was to assess the antifungal activity of methanol extracts of the plant petals against biosynthesis of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in Aspergillus flavus. The antifungal potential of methanolic extract of C. officinalis was evaluated against the toxigenic fungus on Czapek Dox Agar (CDA) and Czapek Dox Broth (CDB) Media, using disc diffusion assay. The use of C. officinalis extract on the A. flavus culture showed the significant inhibition of AFB1up to 59.50% along with the reduction of mycelial growth to about 24.82%. Although, the treatment of the AFB1 with the extract for 5 hours at 80ºC which led to 78.48%. The work well established the inhibitory role of C. officinalis extract in order to reduce the AFB1 threat.

    REFERENCES

    1. Calvo AM, Wilson RA, Bok JW, Keller NP (2002) Relationship between secondary metabolism and fungal development. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews. 66(3):447-459.
    2. Chalchat J, Garry RP, Michet A. (1991). Chemical composition of essential oil of Calendula officinalis L.(Pot Marigold). Flavour and Fragrance Journal. 6(3):189-192.
    3. Chemin I, Ohgaki H, Chisari F, Wild C. (1999) Altered expression of hepatic carcinogen metabolizing enzymes with liver injury in HBV transgenic mouse lineages expressing various amounts of hepatitis B surface antigen.” Liver International. 19(2):81-87.
    4. Ercetin T, Senol FS, Orhan IE, Toker G. (2012) Comparative assessment of antioxidant and cholinesterase inhibitory properties of the marigold extracts from Calendula arvensis L. and Calendula officinalis L. Industrial Crops and Products. 36(1):203-208.
    5. Fountain JC, Scully BT, Chen ZY, Gold SE, Glenn AE, Abbas HK, Lee RD, Kemerait RC, Guo B. (2015) Effects of hydrogen peroxide on different toxigenic and atoxigenic isolates of Aspergillus flavus. Toxins. 7(8):2985-2999.
    6. Hamzawy MA, El-Denshary ES, Hassan NS, Mannaa FA, Abdel-Wahhab MA. (2013) Dietary supplementation of Calendula officinalis counteracts the oxidative stress and liver damage resulted from aflatoxin. ISRN Nutrition 2013.
    7. Kasiram K, Sakharkar P, Patil A. (2000) Antifungal activity of Calendula officinalis. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 62(6):464.
    8. Kumar M, Topno RK, Kumar H, Kumar J. (2018a) Biological conversion of Carcinogenic Aflatoxin B1 to AFB1-8, 9-exo-epoxide and its potential prevention. International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews. 5(4):935-946.
    9. Kumar M, Sahoo G, Topno R, Pandey K, Ravidas V, Dikhit M, Kumar H, Das P. (2018b) Molecular interaction of antifungal compounds with fungal type I Polyketide synthase and preventing hepatocarcinogenesis. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 73:285. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2018.04.4065. 
    10. Kumar H, Saw SK, Kumari P, Kumar M, Kumar M, Kumar J, Sahoo GS (2018c) Understanding the Role of aflS Gene Expression in Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillud oryzae Regarding the Aflatoxin Production. International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews. 5(4):148-157.
    11. Kumar M, Rana S, Kumar H, Kumar J, Mansuri R, Sahoo GC. (2017a) Inhibition of product template (PT) domain of aflatoxin producing polyketide synthase enzyme of Aspergillus parasiticus. Letters in Drug Design & Discovery., 14(7):811-818. DOI : 10.2174/1570180814666170203144914.
    12. Kumar M, Kumar H, Kumar S, Kumar K, Jha S, Kumar S. (2017b) Inhibitory effect of the acetone extract of maize leaves on the mycelial growth of Aspergillus parasiticus along with its aflatoxins production. International Journal of Advanced Research. 5(11):751-757. DOI: 10.21474/IJAR01/5827.
    13. Kumar M, Rana S, Kumar H, Kumar P, Dikhit MR, Mansuri R, Kumar J, Sahoo GC. (2017c) Computational, structural and functional aspects of hypothetical protein of Aspergillus flavus Pheromone Receptor Pre-A (PRP-A). Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science. 7(07):089-097. DOI: 10.7324/JAPS.2017.70714
    14. Kumar H, Kumar M, Kumar B, Bharti S, Kumar P, Kumar M, Kumar J. (2017d). Effect of acetone extract of Zea mays L. leaves on the growth of Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin production. International Journal of Advanced Research. 5(8):1667-1671.
    15. Mahoney N, Molyneux RJ, Kim JH, Campbell BC, Waiss AC, Hagerman AE. (2010) Aflatoxigenesis induced in Aspergillus flavus by oxidative stress and reduction by phenolic antioxidants from tree nuts.World Mycotoxin Journal. 3(1):45–48.
    16. Rajarajan P, Rajasekaran K, Devi N. (2013) Aflatoxin contamination in agricultural commodities.
    17. Reddy S, Waliyar F. (2000) “Properties of aflatoxin and it producing fungi. Aflatoxin. Int. Crops Res. Inst. for the Semi-Arid Tropics.
    18. Rivkina M, Cote PJ, Robinson WS, Tennant BC, Marion PL. (1996) Absence of mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene in woodchuck hepatocellular carcinomas associated with hepadnavirus infection and intake of aflatoxin B1. Carcinogenesis. 17(12):2689-2694.
    19. Singh R, Rai TS, Sharma NS, Arora AK, Kaur P. (2017) Evaluation of a Real time polymerase chain reaction assay for the detectionof aflatoxin/sterigmatocystin producing strains of Aspergillus spp. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 51(4):676-8. DOI: 10.18805/ijar.v0iOF.7263
    20. Trombete FM, de Ávila Moraes D, Porto YD, Santos TB, Direito GM, Fraga ME, Saldanha T (2014) Determination of aflatoxins in wheat and wheat by-products intended for human consumption, marketed in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Journal of Food and Nutrition Research. 2(10):671-674.
    21. Turner NW, Subrahmanyam S, Piletsky S (2009) Analytical methods for determination of mycotoxins: a review. Analytica chimica acta. 632(2):168-180.
    22. Yadav, D.P., Kumar, M. and Jamal, M.A., (2018) Larvicidal & Juvenomimetic property of Withania somnifera extracts against larvae of Tribolium confusum Duavl. International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews. 
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