Turmeric is the major spice crop in India. This paper attempts to estimate the cost and economic returns of turmeric cultivation among various size categories (marginal, small, semi medium, medium and large), of farmers in Erode district of Tamil Nadu, which is one of the major turmeric growing region in India. The results of the study showed that of all the size categories, the economic returns realized by large farmers were comparatively higher..Besides ensuring reasonable price to the farmers, the study suggested for value addition, like boiling, drying and grading of rhizomes in order to achieve maximum returns in turmeric cultivation.