<div style="text-align: justify;">Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) popularly known as til is an important oil seed crop. Sesame is warm temperature loving crop with a duration range of 85-115 days. Sesame is usually growing in light to medium textured well drained soils. Many of the farmers adopt local landraces of seeds for growing sesame. Local land races have low productivity of seed and oil content. Presently there is need in development and adoption of sesame high yielding varieties to obtain high productivity in seed yields. The main objective of the present study is to know the development method and morphological characteristics, seed yield of the sesame high yielding variety YLM-66 (sarada). The Sarada variety is brown seed variety developed by pedigree breeding method by crossing YLM-17 &times; PS-201. The variety is tested over locations and released for cultivation to Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states during 2009.&nbsp; The Sarada (YLM-66) is a brown seed variety suitable to rabi-summer season. It grows within 80-85 days duration. The Sarada variety is recommended for adoption to Andhra Pradesh and Telangana farmers for cultivation. The Sarada variety recorded 25.7 per cent increased yield over the check TKG-22. Sarada variety recorded average productivity of 1125 kg/ha of sesame seed and with oil percentage of 50.3 per cent. The sarada variety have great impact in sesame production occupying an area of more than 60 percentage.</div>

Sesame High Yielding Variety: YLM-66 (Sarada)

Background: Fractures in domestic carnivores are frequently seen in veterinary medicine in the world and are mostly due to impacts inflicted by car injury, trauma, or falls. Fracture type and pattern influence treatment choice.&nbsp; No data are available on long bone fracture in Algiers to provide young veterinarians in developing countries with information on these fractures and their practical treatment options. 
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Methods: Cases of long bone fractures were identified from files of patients presented for surgical consultation at the Surgical Department of the Higher National Veterinary School of Algiers. Characteristics, such as age, sex, circumstances and fracture classification were analysed. The type of selected treatment was also noted, as was the follow-up, when possible. 
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Result: A total number of 66 fractures was recorded. Cats were more affected than dogs representing 70.7% versus 29,3% of the animals showing limb fractures (n=58). The proportions of males and females were respectively 65.9% and 34.1% in cats and 70.6% and 29.4% in dogs. Young animals under 12 months of age represented 82,9% of cats and 64.7% of dogs. Fall from a height was the primary cause in both cats and dogs (51.2% and 58.8%). Fracture of the femur was the most common fracture (51.1% in cats and 47.4% in dogs). Femoral fractures in cats were present on the proximal bone end in over 50 percent of cases. Among these, Eighty-three percent affected the head and/or neck of the bone. Most fractures were closed. Open fractures (23.4% in cats and 5.3% in dogs) affected the lower bones.&nbsp; Animals were treated by pinning, femoral head ostectomy, casting and, amputation (on open fractures of grade II and III). Assessing clinical outcome revealed that recovery in animals having undergone intramedullary pinning or cross pinning and femoral head ostectomy was estimate good in 96,43% of cases in cats and 77.78% in dogs. 
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Long Bone Fractures in Cats and Dogs: Characteristics and Available Treatment in Algiers: A Retrospective Study of 66 Fractures

<div>Background: Spotted pod borer, Maruca vitrata (F.) and blue butterfly, Lampides boeticus (L.) are important lepidopteran borers infesting greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] throughout India. Therefore, novel insecticide mixture in comparison with other standard synthetic insecticides has been tested for its bio-efficacy against these two borers in greengram.&nbsp; 
 
Methods: A field experiment was conducted at Vagurani, Usilampatti Block, Madurai district, Tamil Nadu during June to August, 2020 in randomized block design (RBD) with eight treatments and three replications. The experimental field was monitored for the population of pests and natural enemies (No./ 10 plants), per cent pod damage, total grain yield and phyto-toxic symptoms. From the data recorded, per cent reduction in population over control was calculated. The per cent pod damage was calculated by randomly picking 100 pods from each plot of each replication. The grain yield from each plot was recorded after each picking and converted into kg/ ha.&nbsp; 
 
Result: Two sprays of spinetoram 6% w/v + methoxyfenozide 30% w/v SC @ 144 g a.i/ha and flubendiamide 34.35 SC @ 48 g a.i/ha from 45 DAS at 15 days interval proved to be most effective and superior in reducing the lepidopteran pod borers like M. vitrata and L. boeticus and no lethal effect was recorded towards the coccinellid predators, Menochilus sexmaculatus, C. transversalis and spiders. This combination did not cause any phytotoxic symptoms like leaf injury, wilting, vein clearing, necrosis, epinasty and hyponasty at any day after treatment on stems, leaves, flowers and pods of greengram.</div>

Bio-Efficacy of Spinetoram 6% W/V (5.66% W/W) + Methoxyfenozide 30% W/V (28.3% W/W) SC against Pod Borers Infesting Greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]

<div>Background: India is experiencing a severe scarcity of edible oil, owing to high demand caused by population growth, rising living standards and increased demand from oil-consuming sectors. Sesame crop cultivation is gaining traction as a way to overcome the oilseed gap. The main aim of this study is to identify the suitable high yielding cultivar of sesame and to standardize the sulphur levels to obtain higher yield and quality. 
 
Methods:&nbsp;The present investigation was carried out at S.V. Agricultural College Farm, Tirupati campus of Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University during summer, 2019 in factorial randomized block design (RBD) with four varieties (YLM-66, YLM-17, YLM-11 and Madhavi) and four levels of sulphur (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg S ha-1). 
 
Result: The variety madhavi (V4) took fewer days to attain 50 % flowering and maturity and the variety YLM 66 (V1) recorded higher number of capsules plant-1, seed yield, protein content, gross returns, net returns and benefit: Cost. Application of 60 kg S ha-1 recorded higher yield and yield attributes, oil content, gross returns and net returns of sesame which was however found on par with 40 kg S ha-1. The interaction between sesame varieties and sulphur levels in influencing all the above parameters were found to be non-significant. In conclusion, the present study revealed that the variety YLM 66 (V1) with application of 60 kg S ha-1 gave higher yield and quality of sesame.&nbsp;</div>

​Effect of Varieties and Graded Levels of Sulphur on Yield, Quality and Economics of Summer Sesame

<div>Background: Postpartum fertility in dairy bovines is one of the important criteria of sustainable dairy industry and economy of farmers. The Kankrej, a dual purpose zebu cattle, is known for its endurance, but is slow breeder with very late maturity, prolonged postpartum anestrous/subestrous and thereby calving interval. These peculiarities necessitate scientists to adopt fixed time AI (FTAI) protocols of estrus synchronization for improving their reproductive efficiency. Hence this study was aimed to assess the fertility and plasma metabolic profile of normal and synchronized anestrous/ subestrous suckled Kankrej cows of an organized farm. 
 
Methods: The study involved 36 parturient Kankrej cows of the University Farm that were maintained under identical nutritional and managerial practices. Blood samples were collected in heparinized vacutainers from all the animals on the day of calving and then at 10 days interval till 90 days for plasma metabolic profile. Animals monitored by per rectal palpation 10 days apart around day 70-80 postpartum revealed 30 cows to be anestrous or subestrous, which were randomly allocated to five different estrus synchronization protocols at day 90-92, each with six cows and a group of six cows that exhibited estrus and were bred by day 70-90 served as normal control. The treatment protocols included Ovsynch, CIDR, Ovsynch + CIDR, Cosynch and double PGF2&alpha; together with estimation of plasma metabolites on day 0, 7, 9/10 (AI) and then at 10 days interval up to day 40 post-AI.&nbsp; 
 
Result: The mean plasma total protein levels varied non-significantly, while total cholesterol and triglycerides varied significantly (p&lt;0.01) between intervals until 90 days postpartum in most of the groups with gradual increase in the mean values from the day of calving. The estrus synchronization protocols, however. did not alter the plasma profile of these constituents. The estrus induction response with Ovsynch, CIDR, Ovsynch + CIDR, Cosynch and PGF2&alpha; treatment was 66.66, 83.33, 50.00, 66.66 and 66.66% and the conception rates at induced estrus 16.66, 33.33, 16.66, 50.00 and 50.00%, respectively. In normal cyclic control group, the conception rate at first cycle was 33.33%. The plasma total cholesterol and triglycerides were higher in conceived than non-conceived cows, particularly during early postpartum period and post-AI. It was concluded that CIDR, Cosynch and PGF2&alpha; protocols were better for estrus induction and conception rate in anestrous and subestrous suckled Kankrej cows, although they did not influence the plasma metabolic profile.</div>

Monitoring Plasma Metabolic Profile, Fertility in Normal and Estrus Synchronized Suckled Kankrej Cows

<div>Background: Bovine Rotavirus is one of the most important viral etiological agent responsible for causing neonatal diarrhea incurring severe economic loss to farmers. The presence of large genome size, segmented nature and absence of proof reading activity of RNA polymerase leads to frequent reassortment and thus emergence of new G and P types with ability of interspecies transmission.&nbsp; 
 
Methods: During an epidemiological study (July 2016 to July 2019) 200 diarrheic fecal samples were screened for Bovine Rotavirus A using ELISA and RNA-PAGE. Further, twenty two positive samples for RVA were subjected to molecular detection for VP6, VP4 and VP7 genes.&nbsp; 
 
Result: Ten (20/200) and 11(22/200) percent diarrheic fecal samples were found positive using ELISA and RNA-PAGE respectively. Twenty samples found positive in ELISA were also found positive in RNA-PAGE. Amongst which 22 (100%) samples were found positive for VP6, while 15 (68.18%) samples showed amplification for VP4 and VP7 gene. All Rotavirus A positive samples were genotyped by multiplex RT-PCR assay. G1G3 was found to be most predominant (53.33%) followed by G3 (26.66%), while one sample each showed the presence of G1G5 and G3G8 (6.66%). Ten samples showed mixed genotype (66.66%). One sample was non typeable (6.66%). Among the P types, P[11] was the most predominant (73.33%), while one sample each showed the presence of P[5] and P[5]P[11] (6.66%) and 02 samples were non typeable (13.33%). The G and P genotype combination determined in 12 samples were as follows; G3P [11] found in two samples (16.66%), G3P[5] in 01(08.33%), G1G5P[11] in 01(08.33%), G1G3P[11] in 07 (58.33%), while 01 (08.33%) sample had mixed genotype G1G3P[5]P[11] combination.</div>

<div>Presence of Human G Rotavirus Genotypes Amongst Bovine Calves and its Combination with P Genotypes</div>

<div style="text-align:justify">An investigation was carried out to study the housing and feeding management practices followed by the dairy farmers in five districts of Telangana state. From each district one mandal and from each mandal five villages were selected. The data was collected from 150 farmers through personal interview utilizing a schedule developed for the purpose. It was observed that most of the dairy farmers (59.33%) had medium herd size and 59.33% of farmers housed their animals beside their houses while 14.67% and 26% of the farmers housed the animals in a separate shed and below the shade of tree, respectively. Most of the animal sheds (66%) in the study area had mud flooring. Majority of farmers (52%) were not taking any measures to protect animals from extreme heat in summer. Grazing and group feeding were most commonly practised except in Rangareddy district where most of farmers (56.67%) followed individual feeding. Majority of the farmers from Medak (50%) and Mahaboobnagar (60%) districts were following one time feeding of their animals, whereas, most farmers from Vikarabad (66.67%) fed two times in a day. In Rangareddy and Nalgonda, majority (66.67% and 63.33%) of the farmers were offering feed three times. Most of the farmers were producing fodder by themselves in Vikarabad, Medak, Nalgonda and Mahaboobnagar districts and their percentages were 66.67%, 63.33% 93.33% and 86.67%, respectively. Most of the farmers of Rangareddy district were procuring fodder from outside.&nbsp;</div>

​A Study on the Housing and Feeding Management Practices Followed by&nbsp;Rural&nbsp;Milk&nbsp;Producers&nbsp;of&nbsp;Telangana State

Background: The Bachaur is a medium sized draft purpose breed mostly present in Madhubani, Darbhanga and Sitamarhi districts of Bihar and presently the breed is at the verge of extinction. Since no data is presently available regarding the estrus pattern in these cows therefore, present study was designed to document the oestrus intensity, estrus cycle length, estrus behaviour and duration of estrus in these animals. 
 
Methods: The total of nine healthy breeding Bachaur cows aged 3 to 5 years were maintained under identical managemental conditions.The estrous cycles of nine animals was synchronized using Cloprostenol Sodium @ 500 mg I/M (Pragma&reg;, Intas, India) in cycling Bachaur cows. Estrus was detected in the morning and evening for external signs of estrus, estrus behavior, intensity of estrus, estrus duration and estrous cycle length.&nbsp; 
 
Result: In the present study, mounting or&nbsp; mounted by other animals was observed in&nbsp; more than 70% and sniffing, tried to lick and Flehmen&rsquo;s reaction was&nbsp; observed in about 66.67% of treated cows. The other parameters like&nbsp; bellowing, restlessness, milk yield reduction, frequent micturition and Flehmen&rsquo;s reaction were recorded in 44.44%, 55.56%, 44.44%, 55.56% and 66.67%, of animals, respectively. The most appreciable physical sign of estrus recorded was intense swelling of vulva (in 88.89%) however hyperaemia of vulva, copious estrual mucous discharge, pronounced tonicity of uterus, completely dilated os cervix and presence of large palpable follicle on the ovary was observed in&nbsp; 44.44%, 55.56%, 66.67%, 77.78% and 66.67%,&nbsp; of cows respectively.

Reproductive Performance of Estrus Pattern in Bachaur Cows of Bihar

Background: Sesame is an important oil seed crop and meant for many beneficiaries.&nbsp; Sesame oil is known as queen of oil seeds used in cosmetics, medicines, cooking and industrial purpose. Sesame oil plays a major role in cardiac health. Growing global population showing higher incidences of cardiovascular diseases. Sesame oil due to its high content of beneficial unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic and linoleic acids, as well as its unique bioactive compounds contribute to its antioxidant properties. Sesame oil is widely recognized as a high-quality edible oil that contributes significantly to cardiac health.&nbsp; Research findings shown that sesame oil helps to regulate blood sugar levels, reduce inflammation and also contributes to improved lipid profiles by lowering low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol.&nbsp; For any edible oil longer shelf life is desirable for storage. The present study mainly focused on the important fatty acid compositions in major brown seed sesame varieties and their role in cardiac health and shelf life.&nbsp;&nbsp; 
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Methods: In this study, the fatty acid composition of seven predominant brown seed sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) varieties was analyzed and studied focusing on implications for cardiac health and oil shelf-life. Fatty acid profiling using gas chromatography was carried out and statistically analyzed. 
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Result: Fatty acid profiling revealed that saturated fatty acids (palmitic and stearic) accounted for less than 20% of total fatty acids, aligning with dietary recommendations. Unsaturated fatty acids oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids were found in desirable proportions. Multivariate analysis further revealed that YLM-17 had the highest oleic acid content, while YLM-11 showed the most favorable oleic/linoleic ratio, indicative of enhanced oil stability and longer shelf life. These findings suggest YLM-11 and YLM-17 as promising varieties for breeding programs targeting improved oil quality and cardiac health.&nbsp; Higher quantities of oleic acid favourable for improved longevity and shelf life of oil.

Study of Major Fatty Acids of Brown Seed Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Varieties: Implications for Cardiac Health and Oil Shelf-Life

The study was designed at evaluating early postpartum ovarian activity through plasma progesterone profile at 10 days interval up to 90 days, followed by induction of estrus in postpartum anestrous suckled Kankrej cows (n=18) using Ovsynch, CIDR and Ovsynch + CIDR treatment protocols with FTAI (6 cows in each protocol), keeping six normal cyclic cows as control. The plasma P4 profile (ng/ml) varied in the range of 0.15&plusmn;0.03 to 1.70&plusmn;0.80 in treatment groups and 0.62 &plusmn;0.19 to 4.09&plusmn;1.60 in control group up to 90 days postpartum. The mean P4 concentration on the day of calving was low (&lt;1 ng/ml) in all the groups, which gradually increased to reach peak levels by day 40 in cyclic control (4.09&plusmn;1.60 ng/ml), Ovsynch (1.70&plusmn;0.80 ng/ml) and CIDR (1.68&plusmn;0.47 ng/ml) and by day 20 in Ovsynch + CIDR (1.09&plusmn;0.23 ng/ml) groups. Most of the cows turned into subestrous or anestrous condition between days 40 and 90 postpartum. The estrus induction response in Ovsynch, CIDR and Ovsynch + CIDR groups initiated at day 90-92 postpartum was 66.66, 83.33 and 50.00 per cent, respectively. The conception rates at induced estrus were 16.66, 33.33 and 16.66 per cent, and overall of 3 cycles 33.33 (2/6), 50.00 (3/3) and 33.33 (2/6) per cent, respectively. In normal cyclic control group, the conception rates at first cycle and overall of 3 cycles were 33.33 and 50.00 per cent. The mean plasma P4 (ng/ml) concentrations were significantly (P&lt;0.05) higher on day 7 in Ovsynch (1.41 &plusmn;0.10), CIDR (4.92&plusmn;0.83) and Ovsynch + CIDR (3.87&plusmn;0.84) protocols as compared to their corresponding values on day 0 and day 9/10 (AI). The mean values of plasma P4 from days 20 to 40 post-AI were higher in conceived cows than in non-conceived cows of CIDR and Ovsynch + CIDR groups, compared to the animals in Ovsynch and normal cyclic groups. It is opined that the use of different protocols, mainly CIDR, may serve as an effective tool for induction and synchronization of estrus and improvement of conception rate in postpartum anestrous suckled Kankrej cows.

Sesame High Yielding Variety: YLM-66 (Sarada)

Long Bone Fractures in Cats and Dogs: Characteristics and Available Treatment in Algiers: A Retrospective Study of 66 Fractures

Bio-Efficacy of Spinetoram 6% W/V (5.66% W/W) + Methoxyfenozide 30% W/V (28.3% W/W) SC against Pod Borers Infesting Greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]

Effect of Varieties and Graded Levels of Sulphur on Yield, Quality and Economics of Summer Sesame

Monitoring Plasma Metabolic Profile, Fertility in Normal and Estrus Synchronized Suckled Kankrej Cows

Presence of Human G Rotavirus Genotypes Amongst Bovine Calves and its Combination with P Genotypes

A Study on the Housing and Feeding Management Practices Followed by Rural Milk Producers of Telangana State

Reproductive Performance of Estrus Pattern in Bachaur Cows of Bihar

Study of Major Fatty Acids of Brown Seed Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Varieties: Implications for Cardiac Health and Oil Shelf-Life

Effect of estrus synchronization on plasma progesterone profile and fertility response in postpartum suckled anestrous Kankrej cows*