<div>Eleven African giant rats were caught, bilaterally enucleated and the globes were routinely processed for light microscopy. Eye weight, vertical and horizontal corneal diameters, as well as vertical, horizontal and axial eye diameters were obtained from each globe. Observed external macroscopic ocular features were typical of mammalian eyes comprising cornea, sclera and attached extraocular muscles. The eye dimensions were however generally smaller than those of humans. The large mean corneal diameter to mean eye diameter ratio of 0.86 as well as the scanty retinal ganglion cells observed are associated with morphological adaptations for nocturnal vision. Pigments observed in the retinal epithelium suggests absence of tapetum lucidum, indicating a sub-optimal nocturnal visual capability. This study has provided scientific documentation of some ocular morphological characteristics of the giant rat and has shown that the eye of this species will be anatomically unsuitable for xenotransplantation in humans.</div>

<div>Preliminary Anatomical Assessment of the Eye of the African Giant Rat (Cricetomys gambianus)</div>

Ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation is a noble goal for humanity and preserving the genetic materials of superior animal species. Females facing chemotherapy and radiation treatment are exposed to gonadal damage. In addition, superior animals due to sudden death or aging are also at risk to lose their genetic materials. Ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation has been successfully carried out in different mammalian species resulting in formation of ovarian structures and outcomes upon pregnancy. Trials were applied over ovarian cryopreservation and re-transplantation in humans and different animal species. Several factors effect on ovarian cryopreservation and re-transplantation including technical aspects of freezing ovarian tissue, size of ovarian tissue, age of female, location of transplantation, auto- and xenotransplantation. Restoration of ovarian follicle growth and development, ovulation and corpora lutea formation and development were confirmed in several studies. The growth and development of ovarian follicles to pre-ovulatory follicles and corpora lutea in mammals lasts several months. In addition, in vitro maturation of oocytes aspirated from transplanted ovarian tissues were confirmed in addition to their further embryonic development. Therefore, this review is carried out to collect and discuss the ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation and its effects on both humans and animals as well.

Ovarian Tissue Cryopreservation and Transplantation: It is a Noble Goal for Mammalian Species?: A Review

<div>Background: Pig is recognized as an advantageous non-rodent animal model within a large number of biomedical research areas and of xenotransplantation of animal organs into humans. People prefer taking goat milk during dengue fever like conditions for recovery from low blood constituents, particularly the blood platelets, without any scientific proof.&nbsp; 
 
Methods: Haemoglobin, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and blood platelets count were studied in 2.5 months old 18 experimentally induced hypovolemic Large White Yorkshire (LWY) piglets at CVASc., GBPUAT, Pantnagar after feeding them milk of Pantja goats and black Badri cows over a period of 30 days during Oct.&ndash;Nov. 2019 and May-June 2020. Hypovolemia in piglets was achieved by withdrawing their 15% of total estimated blood volume (@ 7.5% in each time on day 1st and 3rd of experiment), followed by providing them with milk, which was double the amount of blood withdrawn, for 30 days. Control group (T1) piglets (6 no.) were maintained on basal diet, whereas group T2 and T3 piglets were given milk of Pantja goats and black Badri cows, respectively. Blood samples for testing were collected on 1st, 3rd, 7th, 15th and 30th day. 
 
Result: Average normal blood picture of weaned LWY piglets for haemoglobin (g/dl), ESR (mm/hr) and platelets count (105 cells/ mm3) was 11.36 &plusmn; 0.20, 10.00&plusmn; 2.01, 3.1767 &plusmn; 0.2577, respectively. For haemoglobin and ESR, the values on testing days and the overall values for group T1, T2 and T3 piglets did not show any significant variation. However, the pooled values for haemoglobin were significantly different (P&lt;0.01) on various testing days, being higher on day 1st and 30th than on 3rd, 7th and 15th day, implying that normal haemoglobin level was regained on 30th day of hypovolemia. The pooled values for ESR were significantly different (P&lt;0.05) on various testing days, being higher on day 1st and 3rd only, which may be due to simultaneous increase in total erythrocyte counts. Overall mean platelets count (x105&nbsp;cells/ mm3) for LWY piglets was 3.2570&plusmn; 0.0890 and their values in group T1, T2 and T3 piglets were 3.0983&plusmn;0.1675, 3.0820&plusmn;0.1490 and 3.5907&plusmn;0.1885, respectively, being significantly higher (P&lt;0.05) for black Badri cow milk fed group piglets. This may imply usefulness of black Badri cow milk over Pantja goat milk in improving blood platelets count in human, considering pig a good animal model for human within a large number of biomedical researches.</div>

<div>Haematological Traits of Induced Hypovolemic Large White Yorkshire Piglets as Affected by Feeding them Milk of Pantja Goats and Black Badri Cows</div>